I Am, and I Am That I Am .

Ibhar (“chosen” ) Son of David ( 2 Samuel 5:15).

Ibleam Bil’eam ( 1 Chronicles 6:70; Joshua 17:11). Given to Manasseh, but in Asher. Jelama, north of Jenin, is perhaps the site. Ahaziah was wounded here by Jehu’s soldiers ( 2 Kings 9:27).

Ibneiah (“Jah will build” ) Son of Jehoram ( 1 Chronicles 9:8).

Ibnijah . A Benjamite ( 1 Chronicles 9:8). Ibri . A Levite ( 1 Chronicles 24:27).

Ibzan (“of tin” ) A native of Bethlehem. Judge of Israel for seven years ( Judges 12:8,10). He had thirty sons and thirty daughters. .

Ice . Ice is very rare in the plains and hills, and only familiar on the highest mountains.

Ichabod (“woe, or departed glory” ) Son of Phinehas ( 1 Samuel 4:21). So named by his mother, who died at hearing of the loss of the Ark of God, her husband, and father-in-law, at the battle of Aphek.

Iconium ( Acts 13:51 ). Konieh, a large city; is on a table-land, a fertile plain, near a semi-circle of snow-capped mountains in Asia Minor. This level district was Lycaonia, of which Cicero says it was the capital. It was on the route leading from Ephesus to Tarsus, Antioch, and the Euphrates. Here Paul was stoned, and left for dead ( Acts 14:19). The city is built out of the ruins of the ancient structures, and pieces of marble columns, capitals, and carved cornices appear everywhere in the masonry. It is now quite large, the residence of a pasha, surrounded with beautiful groves and gardens, well watered, and the resort of pilgrims who visit a saint’s tomb. In the middle ages it was the capital of the Seljukian Sultans, and is called the cradle of the Ottoman empire. The traditional story of Paul and Thecla is located here. (See Conybeare and Howson’s Life of Paul).

Idalah ( Joshua 19:15 ). Zebulon. Semuniyeh, 3 miles south of Beit-lahur, was near it.

Idbash (“honeyed” ) Son of the father of Elam,” ( 1 Chronicles 4:3). Iddo (“timely” ) 1. Father of Ahinadab 1 Kings 4:14). 2. Descendant of Gershom, son of Levi ( 1 Chronicles 6:21). . 3. Son of Zechariah (27:21). 4. yedoi , (“born a festival). A seer who had a “vision” which concerned Jeroboam and alluded to Solomon ( 2 Chronicles 9:29). He wrote a history and a genealogy, which are lost, but are probably preserved in part in “Chronicles.” 5. Son of Iddo ( Ezra 5:1). 6. A chief; one of the Nethinim ( Ezra 8:17,20). Idol There are 21 Hebrew words for idols or images for worship. 1. aven , “nought” (Bethel, house of God, Bethaven, house of vanity), nothing, iniquity; 2. elil , “no god”, as contrasted with Elohiym , “God”; 3. emah , “terror”; 4. miphletseth , “horror” (Phallus, the productive power of nature and the nature-goddess Ashera; Priapus); 5. bosheth , “shameful”; 6. gillulim , “filthy gods”; 7. shikkuz , “impurity”; 8. semel , “likeness”; 9. zelem , “shadow”; 10. temunah , “model”; 11. atsab , “shape”; 12. ezab , “fashion”; 13. otseb , “figure”; 14. zir , a shape; 15. mazzebah , “statue”; 16. chammanim , “sun-images”; 17. maschith , “device”; 18. teraphim , “idols” ( ; 19. pesel , “carved image”; 20. pesilim , “graven images” (quarries, in Judges 3:19,26); 21. nesec , “molten image”; massekah , “shaped in a mould”. These various terms are obscure, because very little material has come down to us from antiquity which fixes the form of these images. Jeremiah described in a sarcastic way how these so-called gods were made, but he did not give an idea of the particular shape. All of these terms expressed worthlessness and vanity, contempt and abhorrence. Idolatry (teraphim; Greek: idolatreia ). The worship of deity made visible, whether of true or false ideas, in images, pictures, stars, fire, or ideal statements, as shown in business pursuits or in pleasure, or for honor, where self is preferred above the honor and glory of God. Nearly three in four of all the human race are open idolaters; and if judged by the strict moral sense of the term, very many of the other fourth worship self rather than God ( Colossians 3:5). By the Jewish law the idolater was to be stoned to death, and a city given up to it was to be wholly destroyed, with all it contained ( Deuteronomy 13:12; 17:2). The laws of Moses imply that idolatry was known to him, and the paintings and sculptures of Egypt prove its existence there before the time of Moses, but the earliest mention in the Bible is in the incident of Rachel stealing her father’s teraphim (“images” in Genesis 31:19), by which he was guided, as some who consult the clairvoyant or other “fortune-tellers” of our day (a species of idolatry very prevalent among the ignorant and superstitious). The story of Micah and his images shows how widespread the custom was in the age succeeding Joshua and the eiders. Solomon did much to encourage idolatry of many kinds, which were brought into the country by his foreign wives ( 1 Kings 11:7; 2 Kings 23:13). It has been a question whether the Hebrews did not so lapse into idolatry as to lose all knowledge of the true God. They lost the true sound of hhis name, for which we now substitute Jehovah. They may have only mingled foreign rites with the true worship, as many pagan ideas are now adopted into some branches of the Christian Church. We know that the Hebrews worshiped the sun (Baal), moon (Astarte, Diana), the stars (Ashtereth, Mazzaloth in Job), planets Chiun or Remphan (Saturn, Acts 7:40-43), and made representations of celestial bodies or ideas, in human form, for worship, as of the sun, moon and stars (Hera, Diana, see , Cybele, Apollo, Adonis (Tammuz, in 2 Kings 21:3), Venus, etc.); of , in Egypt, and , in Nineveh; and also images of beasts, as the ( <19A620> Psalm 106:20); Aaron’s and Jeroboam’s bullcalf; and of a goat (Ashima); fly (Beelzebub); a cock (Nergal); and fish (Dagon); the dog (Nibhaz); the mule and peacock (Adrammelech); the horse and pheasant (Anammelech). The Assyrians (Samaritans also) had a system of ancestor-worship (Asshur and others), and also a lower natureworship, including the elements, trees, etc. The scape-goat of the Day of Atonement is a recognition of the existence of Satan (Typhon in Egyptian system), but was not a worship of that being, for only sins were sent to Azazel, nothing choice or precious. The Christian Church now holds that God has sanctioned but one image, which was made by himself, for man’s worship, which is the intelligent, rational, holy nature of man, which appears in all completeness and perfection In Jesus the Christ, and is reflected in his followers as they have more or less received the spirit of the gospel “God is a spirit, and they that worship him must worship in spirit and in truth” ( John 4:24).

Idumea Greek form of .

Idumeans . People of Idumea (2 Macc. 10:15,16).

Igal (“El will avenge” ) 1. A spy, son of Joseph ( Numbers 13:7). 2. One of David’s men, son of Nathan ( 2 Samuel 23:36).

Igdaliah (“Jah will make great” ) Father of Hanan ( Jeremiah 35:4).

Igeal, Igal Son of Shemaiah ( 1 Chronicles 3:22).

Iim ( 1 ) (“ruins” ) Ije Abarim ( Numbers 33:45). Lost. 2. Judah, south; near Beersheba ( Joshua 15:28). Lost. ?

Iim ( 2 ) ( Isaiah 13:22). .

Ije-Abarim (“heaps, or ruins of Aabarim”), ( Numbers 21:11). This region, east of the Dead Sea, is still unexplored by any Christian traveler in our day, and therefore it is impossible to say whether the stations of the Israelites can be located or not. Ijon (“ruin”), ( 1 Kings 15:20; 2 Kings 15:29). In the North Jordan River valley, now called Tell Dibbin. The hill is a favorable site for a city, overlooking the whole plain of Merj Aiyun, and on the road leading from the coast into the interior.).

Ikkesh (“perverse” ) Father of Ira ( 2 Samuel 23:26).

Ilai (“supreme” ) An Ahohite ( 1 Chronicles 11:29). .

Illyricum ( Romans 15:19 ). Paul preached the gospel of Christ “from Jerusalem round about unto Illyricum.” A country on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, north of Epirus. Illyricum was at one time one of the four great divisions of the Roman empire, and included the whole country between the Adriatic, the Danube, the Black Sea, and Macedonia (Gibbon, c. i).

Imla (“full” ) Father of Micaiah ( 2 Chronicles 18:7,8). Imlah in 1 Kings 22:8,9. Immanuel (“with us El”, or “God with us” ) The name of the child (prophetic) which was to be given to the house of David ( Isaiah 7:14). Isaiah bids Ahaz ask a sign of Jehovah, which he, with pretended humility, refused to do, when this sign of a child by a virgin (virgin is a young woman), was given, and, as some think, the prophesy was fulfilled within a few years, and others look on the child as a type of Jesus the Christ, as seems to be the meaning in Matthew 1:23.

Immer (“talkative” ) 1. Head of a family of priests ( 1 Chronicles 9:12; Ezra 2:37; 10:20). 2. A place in Babylonia ( Ezra 2:59; Nehemiah 7:61).

Immortality (Greek: athanasia, “deathless”, “not mortal” ) The Christian believes that the human soul will never die. Some hold the doctrine that only those who believe on Christ will be blessed with immortality, while those who deny him will die ( Romans 2:7; Timothy 1:10). The same Greek word is also rendered “incorruption” in 1 Corinthians 15:42, etc., and “sincerity” in Ephesians 6:24, etc.

Imna (“whom God keeps back” ) Son of Helem ( 1 Chronicles 7:55).

Imnah (“good fortune” ) (jimna, jimnah ). 1. First born of Asher ( 1 Chronicles 7:30). 2. Father of Kore ( 2 Chronicles 31:14).

Impute (“to reckon to one what does not belong to him” ) 1. (Hebrew: hashab Leviticus 7:18; Psalm 32:2); and rendered “to think” in Genesis 50:20; and “to count” in Leviticus 25:27, etc., “to reckon,” “to esteem,” “to devise,” and “to imaging,” in other places. 2. sum , in 1 Samuel 22:15; “to put” in Genesis 2:8; “to make” in Genesis 21:13. 3. Greek: ellegeo in Romans 5:13; “to put on account” in Philemon 1:18. 4. See logizomai, in Romans 4:6, etc.; “to reason” in Mark 11:31; and by several other terms.

Imrah (“refractory” ) A chief of Asher ( 1 Chronicles 7:36).

Imri (“eloquent” ) 1. A man of the family of Pharez ( 1 Chronicles 9:4). 2. Father of Zaccur 4 ( Nehemiah 3:2). Incense (Hebrew: ketorah, lebonah; Greek: thumiama ). A compound of sweet-smelling gums used in acts of worship, and forbidden in private life ( Exodus 30:27). The mixture is said to have been equal parts of stacte, onycha frankincense, galbanum. The altar of incense was placed in front of the veil, from which on the great Day of Atonement the high priest could raise a cloud of perfume which covered the mercy-seat (entered within and filled the holy of holies). It was a type of Christian prayer. India ( <170101>Esther 1:1; 8:9 ). The extent of the kingdom of Ahasuerus was from India to Ethiopia, provinces. Acts 2:9, instead of Judaea read India. The country around the river Indus, now the Punjab, which Herodotus describes as part of Darius’ empire (iii. 98). At a later period it was conquered by Alexander. The name is found in the inscriptions at Persepolis (1 Macc. 8:8). Modern India, or Hindustan, is more extensive than the ancient. The articles obtained by Solomon from the East were Indian, such as horns of ivory, ebony, broidered work and rich apparel, sandal-wood, apes, peacocks, and tin.

Ingathering, Feast of ( Exodus 23:16 ). . Inn (Hebrew: malon ). A lodging-place for the night. Only a room is to be had, the traveler must supply himself with furniture, bed, etc. They were built generally two stories high, and near water. One is mentioned in the history: of Joseph ( Genesis 42:27), and by Moses in his day ( Exodus 4:24); by Jeremiah, the habitation (inn) of Chimham ( Jeremiah 41:17); and the same by Luke, where Jesus was born ( Luke 2:7). The Good Samaritan is said to have left money (in our standard about $2.50) to pay charges at the inn (Luke 22). The inn is usually built around a yard, having a well or fountain, and entered by a gate which can be closed against intruders at night. The baggage and animals occupy the lower rooms and the people the upper and better chambers. When the upper rooms were full of crowds at feast times, the late-comers would be obliged to take a lower room, among the animals (“in the manger”). Inspiration (from the Latin, in-breathing ). The supernatural influence of God’s spirit on the human mind, by which prophets, apostles, and other sacred writers were qualified to record divine truth without error. Others hold that is only a divine impression on the mind, by which the understanding is informed. “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God” ( 2 Timothy 3:16).

Instant ( Luke 12:4; 23:23). Pressing, at once. Intercession Prayer for (or against) others ( Jeremiah 7:16; Romans 11:2).

Interpretation (“explanation” ) Making known clearly.

Ionia That part of the coast of Asia Minor which is between Doris and Aeolis.

Ionia was celebrated for its 13 cities and its islands. The chief cities were Ephesus, Smyrna, Samos, Chios and Miletus (Josephus, Antiquities xvi. 2, 3). India in 1 Macc. 8:8.

Iphedeiah (“Jah sets free” ) Son of Shashak ( 1 Chronicles 8:25).

Ir (“city” ) ( 1 Chronicles 7:12).

Ira (“wakeful” ) 1. “The ,” one of David’s officers ( 2 Samuel 20:26). 2. “The ,” one of David’s guard ( 2 Samuel 23:38; Chronicles 11:40). 3. Son of Ikkesh, captain of the 6th monthly course ( 2 Samuel 23:26).

Irad ? . Son of Enoch ( Genesis 4:18).

Iram (“duke, sheikh” ), ( Genesis 36:43 ). Where Iram was is not known. Probably either in or near Edom, if not an original component of Idumea.

Irhaheres (“the city of the sun” ) The sacred city Heliopoiis (its Greek name), or On, in Egypt ( Isaiah 19:18). Beth Shemesh, in Jeremiah 43:13. ( ).

Iri . 1. Son of Bela ( 1 Chronicles 7:7). . 2. . 3. (1 Esdras 8:62).

Irijah (“founded” ) Son of Shelemiah ( Jeremiah 37:13,14).

Irnahash (“serpent city” ) ? ( 1 Chronicles 4:12). . Iron ( 1 ) ( Joshua 19:38 ). Naphtali. Sarun. Iron ( 2 ) (Hebrew: barzel; Aramaic: parzlah. The references are many to iron, and as early as the time of Tubal-Cain ( Genesis 4:22). A furnace of iron is taken as the image of the bondage in Egypt ( Deuteronomy 4:20). Iron knives (or steel) are drawn on the monuments in Egypt. The remains of ancient Nineveh furnish articles of iron coated with bronze, which has preserved them. Tin melts at 470 degrees, copper, silver and gold at 1,800 degrees, and cast iron at 3,000 degrees, while malleable iron requires a higher degree, but furnaces of clay, fed with charcoal and supplied with a blast of air from two skin-bellows, are used successfully in the East.

Irpeel (restored by God ), ( Joshua 18:27 ). Benjamin. Lost.

Irshemesh (“mount of the sun” ), ( Joshua 19:41 ). Danite city. . ?

Iru (IRAM ). Son ofCALEB ( 1 Chronicles 4:15). Isaac (Hebrew: yizhak, “laughing” ) Born at Gerar, B.C. 1896, of Sarah (who was 90) and Abraham (who was 100), in fulfillment of a divine promise ( Genesis 21:17; Galatians 4:29). When three years old, at the feast made on the day he was weaned, he was mocked by Ishmael with pretended homage (as the child of the promise and type of the Messiah) which so offended his mother that his half-brother and his mother Hagar were sent away ( Hebrews 11:17; James 2:20). At maturity he almost fell a victim to his father’s faith on the altar as a burnt-offering, he was married at the age of 40 to his beautiful cousin Rebekah, but was tormented with jealous fear (as his father was) that some powerful chief would carry her off for her beauty. In his old age he was deceived by his wife and her favorite son Jacob, who got from him the patriarchal blessing which belonged to Esau by birthright. At the age of 60 his two sons, Esau and Jacob were born. In his 75th year he and his brother Ishmael buried their father Abraham, who died at Mamre, in the cave of Machpelah, beside Isaac’s mother, Sarah. He lived in tents, and mostly in the south-country (Negeb), where several places are mentioned as his residence for a time. When his father died he was at Beerlahairoi, from which the famine drove him to Gerar, where Abimelech put him in fear of losing his wife, when he practiced the same deception that his father did in the same place a few years before. The Philistines envied his prosperity, and jealous of his increasing power (and disliking his religion?), tried to drive him out by filling up his wells; but he dug new ones. One of those which he was permitted to use in peace, quite a distance from Gerar, he named Rehoboth (“room”, i.e., room enough at last). The promise to Abraham was repeated to Isaac at Beersheba, where he sunk a well as a memorial, and built an altar. The well remains, but the altar has disappeared. He made peace with Abimelech there also, and dug another well as a memorial (well of the oath). His first great grief was the undutiful conduct of his son Esau in marrying two young Canaanite women. His eyesight failed many years before his death; but he lived to enjoy the return to him at Hebron of Jacob, with his large family and great wealth in flocks and herds. He died at the age of 180, and was buried beside his father, in the cave of Machpelah, by his sons Esau and Jacob. His character is very severely criticized, especially for the denial of his wife at Gerar, and so exposing her to danger; and in allowing Jacob to enjoy the fruit of his deception. He was a gentle and dutiful son, and a faithful and constant husband of one wife.

Isaiah (“Jah is helper” ) Iscah (“she looks forth” ) Niece of Abraham, daughter of Haran, and sister of Milcah and Lot. A Jewish tradition identifies her with Sarah. Abraham said she was the daughter of his father, but not of his mother ( Genesis 20:12). She might have been a grandchild, or any degree of descent (see ).

Ishbah (“praising” ) In the line of Judah, father of Eshtemoa ( 1 Chronicles 4:17).

Ishbak (“leaving” ) Son of Abraham and Keturah ( Genesis 25:2), progenitor of a tribe in North Arabia, called Sabak or Sibak, an extensive and fertile tract in Nejed, inhabited by the Beni Temeem. Shobek is the name of a ruined castle on a hill 12 miles north of Petra, which was a stronghold of the Crusaders, and called by them Huns Regalis Ishbibenob (“his seat at Nob” ) Son of Rapha, a Philistine giant, killed by Abrahal ( 2 Samuel 21:16).

Ishbosheth (“of shame” ) Youngest of Saul’s 4 sons, and his legal successor. His name was originally Esh’baal. He was 40 years old when he began to reign, and reigned two years at Hahanaim, while Abner was contending with David’s generals ( 2 Samuel 3:10). He fell a victim to revenge for some crime of his father, but David punished the murderers.

Ishi ( 1 ) (“saving” ) 1. A descendant of Judah, son of Appaim ( 1 Chronicles 2:31). 2. Son of Zoheth ( 1 Chronicles 4:20). 3. Head of a family of Simeon ( 1 Chronicles 4:42). 4. A chief of Manasseh east of Jordan River ( 1 Chronicles 5:24).

Ishi ( 2 ) (“my husband” ), ( Hosea 2:16 ). Symbolical name.

Ishiah (“whom Jah lends” ) The last one of Izrahiah’s five sons, a chief in David’s time ( Chronicles 7:3).

Ishijah . One of the sons of Harim ( Ezra 10:31).

Ishma (“waste” ) A descendant of Etam ( 1 Chronicles 4:3), in the line of Judah. Ishmael (“whom God hears” ) Son of Abraham and Hagar ( Genesis 16:15,16). First-born of the patriarch. Born at Mamre, but was sent into the wilderness south of Beersheba, Paran, when he was 16 years old. He had a wife from Egypt ( Genesis 21:21), who was mother of his 12 sons, besides a daughter. Esau married his daughter. His sons were Nebajoth, Kedar, Abdeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadar, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedema. The Arabic historians divide the Arabs into two races: 1. Pure Arabs, descendants of Joktan; and 2. Mixed Arabs, descendants of Ishmael. Like the sons of Isaac his brother, or rather Jacob, Ishmael’s sons were founders of tribes, some of which are known in history by their names; and “they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur that is before Egypt” ( Genesis 25:18). Their language is spoken all over Arabia, with very few exceptions, and is the same in all rules and idioms now as in most ancient times; and the poetical, or rhyming, and the current language, are one and the same, with a different arrangement of words only. The prophesy, “He shall be a wild donkey of a man, his hand against every man, and every man’s hand against him,” is now and ever has been true; and also the other saving Ishmael “shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren,” for they have always been free. The desert is called in Arabic, Bedu , and the genuine Arab calls himself Bedawi (desert-man), Bedouin (“desert-men”). 4,000 years have not changed their disposition, manners, habits, occupation, government, or dress.

Ishmaiah ( “Jah hears” ) Son of Obadiah ( 1 Chronicles 27:19).

Ishmeelite ( 1 Chronicles 2:17 ), and Ishmelites ( Genesis 37:25,27,28). Descendants of Ishmael.

Ishmerai (“Jehovah keeps” ) A Benjamite ( 1 Chronicles 8:18). Ishod (“man of glory” ) Son of Hammoleketh ( 1 Chronicles 7:18).

Ishpan (“bald” ) A Benjamite ( 1 Chronicles 8:22).

Ishtob ( 2 Samuel 10:6,8 ). A small kingdom on the east of Jordan River, in Aram.

Ishuah (“even” ) Son of Asher ( Genesis 46:17).

Ishuai (ISHUAH. ) Son of Asher ( 1 Chronicles 7:30).

Ishui (ISHUAI. ) Son of Saul ( 1 Samuel 14:49), by Ahinoaln.

Isle (Hebrew: iyim; Greek: hesiod, nesos, “a habitable place” ) Dry land ( Isaiah 42:15); islands, coasts of the sea, or land in the sea, which were far away, and to be reached by crossing the sea ( Psalm 72:10).

Ishmachiah (“Jah upholds” ) An overseer of offerings under King Hezekiah (2 Chr 31:13).

Ishmaiah or A chief ( 1 Chronicles 12:4).

Ispah . A Benjamite chief ( 1 Chronicles 8:16). Israel (“soldier of God” ) 1. The name given to Jacob at the time he wrestled with the angel at Peniel. 2. It was also used as the name of the Hebrew nation. 3. The north kingdom, not including Judah. Israel, Kingdom of The ten tribes which were divided to Jeroboam by the prophet Ahijah of Shiloh ( 1 Kings 11:31,35), leaving Judah alone to the house of David; Benjamin, Simeon, and Dan joining Judah afterward. was the first capital ( 1 Kings 12:25); the second ( Kings 14:17); and the third. Jezreel was occasionally a royal residence. The holy cities were Dan (Paneas) and Bethel. The population was at one time over 3 million, if the number in the armies is correct as given in 2 Chronicles 13:3. The area of the whole country, in the time of Solomon, occupied by the twelve tribes, was 12,810 square miles, of which 9,375 belonged to Israel and 3,435 to Judah. New Hampshire has about 9,000 square miles Ephraim and Judah had always been rivals, and were nearly matched in numbers from the first, and the two largest of the twelve. For three, or, perhaps, nearly four centuries, the ark was in the territory of Ephraim, at Shiloh, until the time of Eli. But when the theocracy was superseded by the kingdom, Saul, the king, was a Benjamite, and Solomon, the son of David, of Judah; but Jeroboam, the leader of the revolt, was an Ephraimite, and, before Solomen’s death was accused of treason, and fled to Egypt. The burdensome taxes of Solomen’s reign probably hastened, if it did not cause the revolt of the ten tribes; and the death of Solomon was the notice for Jeroboam’s return, and the establishment of the new kingdom of Israel, B.C. 975. This was the most important event, and the greatest misfortune, since Joshua crossed the Jordan River. Some of the mistakes which were fatal were: The driving out of the Levites from their possessions, for they carried with them their sacred character and powerful support of the king; the alliance with the kings of Egypt and Damascus; the marriage of Ahab with Jezebel, of Phoenicia. The want of a system of union among the tribes composing the kingdom, and the presence of a large number of slaves, were other elements of weakness. The Philistines took some towns; Damascus took its chances for plunder and revenge; Edom and Moab rescued themselves; and Assyria, after many visits to the once rich and prosperous country, finally carried away the gleanings of so many years of religious decline, moral debasement, national degradation, anarchy, bloodshed, and deportation.

Israelite Descendant of ISRAEL. . ( 2 Samuel 17:25). Issachar (“hire” ), ( Genesis 30:17 ), (Hebrew: Isascar ). 1. Ninth son of Jacob and fifth son of Leah. He is not mentioned again as a person — his name only, as the name of a tribe. In the order of march in the desert, Issachar’s place was on the east of the tabernacle, with Judah and Zebulon. Only the tribes of Judah and Dan outnumbered them at the passage of the Jordan River, Issachar having 64,300 fighting men. (For location, see the map of the Twelve Tribes). Its location and boundaries are recorded in Joshua 19:17-23. Its land was and is now the richest in Palestine. Esdraelon, the plain (called Jezreel, the seed-plot of God, on account of its rich soil), Mount Tabor, and Gilboa were in its border, and the river Kishon ran through it. Jacob blessed Issachar in the image of “a strongboned he-ass, couching down between two hedgerows,” which is a picture of contented ease and quiet. When David took the census, near the close of his reign, Issachar had 87,000, of whom 36,000 were mercenary “bands.” Shalmaneser carried the tribe captive to Assyria. It was not known as a tribe after the return. We are left to suppose that the tribe fell into idolatry, because there is nothing recorded in favor of its religious history. 2. The seventh son of Obed Edom ( 1 Chronicles 26:5).

Isshiah (“Jah lends” ) . 1. Descendant of Moses ( 1 Chronicles 24:21). 2. A Levite (24:25). 2.

Issue, Running The law for males is in Leviticus 15:1-15; that for females in Leviticus 15:19-31. It is supposed that the disease intended in men (gonorrhoea) arose from over-use or impure connection; and that in woman, the natural monthly purification of nature.

Isuah Son of Asher ( 1 Chronicles 7:30). ( Genesis 46:17) Italian (“from Italy” ), ( <441001>Acts 10:1 ). Italy In the time of Paul the whole peninsula south of the Alps was included under this name ( Acts 10:1). The were soldiers recruited in Italy. Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire. The church was planted in Italy very early, since the Epistle to the Romans was written only about 25 years after the crucifixion, when a large number of Jews must have been there. From that day to this it has been the seat of civil and religious power, with many fortunes of revolution and persecution, the church always profiting, in all ages, so far as increasing in influence and power.

Itch (heres ). A disease inflicted on the Israelites as a punishment ( Deuteronomy 28:27). .

Ithai (Ittai). Son of Ribai ( 1 Chronicles 11:31).

Ithamar Youngest son of Aaron ( Exodus 6:23). After the death of Nadab and Abihu, he and Eleazar were appointed to their places in the priestly office ( Exodus 28:1). The high priesthood passed into Ithamar’s line by Eli.

Ithiel (“God with me”) 1. Son of Jesaiah ( Nehemiah 11:7). 2. Ithiel and Ucal, to whom Agur delivered his lecture ( Proverbs 31:1).

Ithmah (“orphanage”) One of David’s guard ( 1 Chronicles 11:40).

Ithnan (“given”) A town in the south of Judah ( Joshua 15:23).

Ithra . An Israelite ( 2 Samuel 17:25). Father of .

Ithran . 1. Son of ( Genesis 31:26). 2. A descendant of Asher ( 1 Chronicles 7:37).

Ithream (“residue of the people”) Son of David ( 2 Samuel 3:5; 1 Chronicles 3:3), born in Bethlehem.

Ithrite, the Descendant of Jether. Two of David’s guard ( 2 Samuel 23:38) were Ithrites.

Ittahkazin (“people of a judge”), ( Joshua 19:13). Boundary of Zebulon. Lost.

Ittai the Gittite. 1. Native of Gath; a Philistine in David’s army, in the revolution of Absalom; commander of the 600 who were with David in his wanderings. He seems to have had equal command afterward with Joab and Abishai, at Mahanaim ( 2 Samuel 18:2). Tradition says Ittai took the crown from the head of the idol Mileom. 2. Son of Ribai, one of David’s guard. Ithai in 1 Chronicles 11.

Ituraea (“from Jetur, the son of Ishmael”) ( Genesis 25:15). Northeast of Palestine, along the base of Hermon ( Luke 3:1). Philip was “tetrarch of Ituraea and the region of Trachonitis.” Now Jedur. It is table-land, with conical hills at intervals, well watered, rich soil, and excellent pasture. The rock is basalt, and the houses are built of it. Its ancient cities are deserted, but standing. Bedouins still pitch their tents there.

Ivah ( 2 Kings 18:34). Hit, on the Euphrates. Ahava of Ezra ( 2 Kings 8:15). The ancient city was dedicated to Ira, the god of air. Shalmaneser brought people from it to Samaria, who carried their gods with them, according to custom among all ancient people. Ivory (shen, “a tooth” ) The tusks of the elephant are called teeth, and also horns ( Ezekiel 27:15). Solomon made use of it ( Psalm 45:8), and had a throne of ivory ( 1 Kings 5:18), overlaid (inlaid) with gold. The tusk of the African elephant sometimes weighs 120 pounds, and measures 10 feet long. There are many beautiful relics of carved ivory that were found in the ruins of Nineveh, and from Egypt, of figures on boxes, and various toilet ornaments — works of art of a high order.

Ivy (“Hederah helix” ) A creeping plant, sacred to Bacchus (2 Macc. 6:7). It grows wild in Palestine.

Izehar . ( Numbers 3:19).

Izeharites, the The Izharites ( Numbers 3:27).

Izhar (“anointed with oil” ) Son of Kohath ( Exodus 6:18,21; Numbers 3:19).

Izharites Descendants of Izhar ( 1 Chronicles 24:22).

Izrahiah (“Jah brings forth” ) Son of Uzzi ( 1 Chronicles 7:3).

Izrahite, the Descendant of Zerahi ( 1 Chronicles 27:8).