Chapter 1. FIRST PEOPLING OF BRITAIN. The Phoenicians the first Discoverers of Britain, - They trade with it in Tin, - Greatness of Sidon and Tyre partly owing to British Trade, - Triumphal Gates of Shalmanezer, - Tyrian Harbors, and probable size of Tyrian Ships, - When and whence came the first Inhabitants of Britain? - The resting place of the Ark the starting- point of the enquiry, - Mount Ararat, - The Four great Rivers, - Their courses regulate the Emigration of the Human Family, - Divided by it into a Southern and Northern World, - For what purpose? - The Three Fountainheads of the World’s population, - Ham peoples Egypt, - Shem, Arabia and Persia, - Migration of Japet’s descendants, - Two great Pathways, - The basin of the Mediterranean, - The slopes of the Caucasus running betwixt the Caspian and the Euxine, - The sons of Japhet travel by both routes, - The one arrives in Britain through the Pillars of Hercules, - The other by the Baltic, - The Journey stamps its imprint on each, - Their footprints, - The sons of Gomer, of Cymri, the first inhabitants of Britain, .

Chapter 2. JOURNEY OF THE KYMRI TO BRITAIN. Three guides to the Cradle of the Race, - Etymology, Mythology, Folklore, - All three conduct to Iran, - The Welsh Triads, - Division of the Earth among The Sons of Noah, - Nimrod’s Tower, - An attempt to establish a Universal Monarchy, - Migration of the bands of Gomer, - Their journey to Britain, - Nomades, - The pasture- grounds of Europe the nursing place of Warriors, - Character of the first Settlers, .

Chapter 3. HABITS,HABITATIONS,AND ARTS OF THE FIRST SETTLERS. First Settlers bring the essentials of Revelation with them, - The first Ages the Purest, - Log huts of first Dwellers, - Aboriginal Dwellings on banks of Loch Etive, - Picture of the Inmates, - Food, Arts, Garments of the Aborigines, - Weems, description of, - Progress of the Arts, - Beauty of later Home Art, - Growth of Government and early Kings, .

Chapter 4. THE STONE AGE. The Stone Age coeval with Man, - The only record of the first Races, - The Cairn on the Moor, - The Sleeper within, - Glimpse into his Coffin, - Weapons interred with the warrior, - Uses of the Stone Axe, - Flint Arrowheads, - Battle in the Stone Age, - Mental horizon of the Men of the Stone Age, - The Landscape of the Stone Age, .

Chapter 5. THE BRONZE AGE The Celt brings Bronze with him into Britain, - Quickening in all Arts, - First interruption of the Celts into Europe, - threaten Athens and Rome, - Europe known to Herodotus as the land of the Celts, - Nomades but fierce Warriors, - Their Tastes and Character, - Changes consequent on the introduction of Bronze, - In Ship building, - In house building, - In Domestic Utensils, - Cinery Vases, - Burning of the Dead, - Advance in Dress, - In Spinning and Weaving, - In Agriculture, - invention of Bronze unknown antiquity, .

Chapter 6. THE IRON AGE. Uses of iron, - Power it confers on Man, - First historic traces of Iron in Asia, - Noric Swords, - Revolutionizes the Art of War, - Employed for personal Adornment, - Iron Ring Money, - Interred with the Dead, - Changes with Iron, - Advance in Art, in War, in the Industries, - The Weaver and Potter, - Grain- stones, - Female Toilet, - Banquets and Cuisine on the Iron Age, - Brochs, - Their great number, - What knowledge of a Future State? - Divine Traditions transmitted from Noah, - No Idol of Graven Image dug up in Scottish soil, - Worship of Caledonians less gross than that of the Greeks and Romans, - Inference from mode of Burial, - Valhalla and its Delights, - Departed Heroes permitted to revisit their Barrow, - A Trysting place with earthly Friends, - Lesson of History, or Earth the picture of Heaven, .

Chapter 7. THE DRUIDS-THE SUN-WORSHIP OF ASIA AND CALEDONIA Unwritten History or Testimony of the Barrows and Cairns, - Authenticity and Truth of these Records, - How did the Caledonian Worship? - Had he any Knowledge of a Supreme Being? - Testimony of the Stone Circles, - In what Age were they Erected? - Various Theories, - These Theories considered, - Did the Vikings erect them? Are they Graveyards? - Monuments of Early Nations reared to their Gods, - Stone Pillars, - Biblical Examples, - The First Altars, - The Idols and Idol Groves of Early Canaan, - Rise and Progress of Stone and Sun Worship, - Travels westward and reaches Caledonia, - Stone Circles and Cromlechs of Ancient Moab, - Light thrown by them on the Early Caledonia, .

Chapter 8. DRUIDS,DEITIES,HIERARCHY,DOCTRINE Religion the most Potential of all Forces, - The Druidic Age as plainly written on the Face of Scotland as the Stone and Iron Ages, - Scottish Druidism imported from the East, - Testimonies of M. Reynaud, and others, - Druidism, a Branch of Sunworship, - The Root Ideas of Revelation in all the Idolatries, - Explanation, - The Hierarchy of the Druids, - Their Studies in Science and magic, - The Arch- Druid, - Their political power, - Their annual Convention, - Their Emoluments and Privileges, - Their Doctrines, - Testimonies of Caesar, Pliny, Tacitus, and Pomponius Mela, - A Supreme Being and a Life to come taught by them, - A long Initiation demanded of their Disciples, - Their Tenets wrapt up in mystery, .

Chapter 9. THE DRUID’ S EGG-THE MISTLETOE-THE DRUIDS SACRIFICE. The Druid’s Egg known to the Ancients, - Marvelous Process of Production, - Wonderful Virtues, - The Mistletoe, - Ceremony of gathering it, - Was it to Druid a symbol of the Savior? - No ground to think so, - Sacrificial Rites, - The High Priest, the Procession, the Victim, - The Three Acts and the Three Lessons in the Sacrifice of the Druid, - Universality of the Rite of Sacrifice, - Explanation, - Philosophy of Sacrifice as a Mode of Worship, .

Chapter 10. THE TEMPLES OR STONE CIRCLES OF THE DRUID. The Stone Circle the earliest of Temples, - No Architectural Grace, - In Construction Simple, Rugged, Strong, - Stennes in Orkney, - A Temple to the SunGod, - Its Antiquity, - Stonehenge, - Its Site and Size, - Supposed Description of Stonehenge by Hecataeus, B. C. , - Its Hippodrome, - Weird Appearance and Outline of its History, - Its Dimensions, - Footnote, Avebury, - Its General Arrangements, - Its Centeral Mount, - Its Grand Approaches, - Its surrounding Sepluchral Tumuli, - Beauty the Characteristic of the Greek Temple; Strength and Size that of the Druid, - Mount Nebo a great Dolmen Centre, - Ruins of Dolmens and Stone Circles around Mount Nebo, - Universality of Stone Worship, - Human Victims offered by the Druid, - Human Sacrifice practised by Greeks and Romans, -” Stones of Remembrance,” .

Chapter 11. THE ALTEINS;OR,STONES OF FIRE-BELTANE;OR, MAY-DAY AND MID-SUMMER FESTIVALS. Rise of Pagan Mythology, - Footnote, Indelibility of Aboriginal Names, - Key to Early History of Locality, - Clachan, - Its Meaning, - Altein, - Stone of Fire, - The Altein of Old Aberdeen, - Tragedies enacted at, - Stone of Liston, - Druidic Ceremonies of th October, - extinction of Fire on Hearths, - Rekindled from “Stone of Fire- brands,” of Tyre, - Beltane, or st May, - Beltane Rites at Crieff, - At Callander, - Midsummer Fires, St. John’s Fires in Ireland, - In France, - Identity of these with the Fires of Moloch, - the Clocks of the Druid, .

Chapter 12 VITRIFIED FORTS-ROCKING -STONES-DRUID’ S CIRCLENO MAN’ S LAND-DIVINATION-GALLOW HILLS- AYOKE BROKEN.

Vitrified Forts, - Probable Relics of Druidism, - Rocking -Stones, - Common to many Countries, - Known to the Egyptians, - Described by Pliny, etc., - Judgment Stones, - Stone at Boddam, - How Placed? - The Druid’s Circle, - Its Virtue, - Surviving Druidic Usages, - The teine eigin,. - Days on which the Plough was not to be Yoked, - Plots that must not be Cultivated, - Divination practised by Druids, - Laws or “GallowHills,” - Mounts of Divination, - Enslavement of the People by the Druid, - His Yoke broken, .

Chapter 13. SCOTLAND AS SEEN BY AGRICOLA AND DESCRIBED BY TACITUS AND HERODIAN. History with her Torch, - Invasion of England by Caesar, - Startling Reverse, - Agricola crosses the Tweed, - Penetrates to Firt of Forth, - Agricola probably accompanied by Tacitus, - The Time come for Scotland to be Born, - A Marvellous Transformation, - Picture of Scotland as seen by Tacitus, - Its Moors and Forests, - Its Rivers and Pathways, - Its Seas, .

Chapter 14. THE CALEDONIAN AS PAINTED BY HERODIAN. The Land and the Natives as Painted by Herodian, - Their Armor , - Their Bodies Painted or Tattooed, - Process of Tattooing, - Their Hair, - A Contrast, the Scotland of the First Century and the Scotland of the Nineteenth, .

Chapter 15. CALEDONIAN HOUSES-LAKE DWELLINGS Picture of the Scotland of today, - The Architecture of Italy and the architecture of Scotland in the First Century, -Not a Stone Edifice in Scotland in Agricola’s Day, - A Hut of Wattles, - Lacustrine of Lake Dwellings, - Crannog of Lochea, Tarbolton, Ayshire, - Description, - Lochar Moss and its Buried Treasures , - The Site of Glassgow and its Embedded canoes, - Changes in the Estuaries of the Forth and Tay, - The Modern Scotland bigger than the Ancient, .

Chapter 16 ROMAN PERIOD OF BRITAIN-ENGLAND INVADED BY CAESAR,AND SCOTLAND BY AGRICOLA. An Unpromising Land, - A yet more Unpromising People, - Roman Invasion, B. C. , - Flight off Deal, - Devastations of the Roman Sword in Britain, - Opinion of Tacitus, - Caesar withdraws from Britain, - Aulus Plutius enters in A.

D. , - The British Chief Caractacus before the Emperor Claudius, - Agricola arrives in A. D. , - Character of Agricola, - Crosses the Tweed and Hews his way to the Forth - The Caledonians and the Legions Face to Face, - Line of Forts and Skirmishes, - In third Summer Agricola Transverses Fife to the Tay, - In the Fourth , constructs his Line of Forts, - In the Fifth, makes an Expedition to the West Coast, - Next turns towards the North, - His Fleet, - Tragic Fate of German Contingent, - Agricola’s Hesitations, - Night attack on the Roman Camp near Lochleven, - The Caledonian Tribes hold a Convention, - They Prepare for War, - Soldiers Enrolled and Weapons Forged, - If Agricola will not come to Grampians, the Grampians will go to Agricola, .

Chapter 17. THE BATTLE OF MONS GRAMPIUS. The Cloud on the North Hills, - March of the Roman Army Northward, - First sight of the Tay, or Ecce Tiberim, - Strathmore or Ecce Campanian, - Where was Mons Grampius? - At Ardoch? at Meigle? at Fettercairn? - The Fleet and Discovery of the Orkneys, - The Romans approach the Grampians, - The Muster of the Caledonians, - Numbers of the Caledonians and the Romans, - The War Chariots of the Caledonians, - Speech of Galagcus to his Soldiers, - Speech of Agricola to his Army, - Order of Battle, - Battle Joined, - Disadvantageous Armor of the Caledonians, - Fierceness and Carnage of the of the Fight, - Tacitus’ Description of the Field, - The Caledonians Defeated, - Their Bravery, - Night Rejoicings in the Roman Camp, - Sights which Morning Discloses, - the Wail among the Grampians, - The First of Scotland’s Historic Battles, - Its Fruit, - It begins the long struggle for Scottish Independence, - Agricola retreats southwards, .

Chapter 18. EXPEDITION OF SERVERUS AND WITHDRAWAL OF ROMANS FROM BRITAIN. Northern Boundary of the Empire a moving line, - Antonine’s Wall betwixt Tyne and Solway, - Boundary again advanced to the Forth, - Pushed back to the Solway, - Severus’ Expedition, A. D. - - The Caledonians shun battle, - Traps set for the Legions, - Hardships of the March, - Severus reaches the Cromarty Firth, - Retreat and dies at York, - Rich and magnificent Realms subject to Rome, - Yet not content without little Britain, - Changes effected by the Roman occupation, - Roads, - Husbandry, - Trade and Commerce, - Villas and Towns, - South England a favorite Residence of the Romans, - Law and Literature introduced, - Roman civilization swept away, .

Chapter 19. CHRISTIANITY ENTERS BRITAIN. Entrance of two new Powers, - Why is Scotland of today not a Land of Painted Men? - The Civilization of Scotland other than that of the nations around it, - Its special Type or Characteristic, - A new Life descends on Scotland, - The two necessities, - Conscience or the Moral Sense the measure of a Nation’s Liberty, - The Model of Nations, - The second century and its facilities for the communication of thought, - Wide diffusion of Christianity by the end of second century, - Picture of the first British Convert to Christianity, - The Pudens and Claudia of Paul’s Epistle, The Pudens and Claudia of Martial’s Epigram, - Chain of proof that they are the same couple, - Claudia most probably a British Lady, - Proof from Tacirus of the early entrance of Christianity into Britain, - Did Paul preach the Gospel in Britain, - Contention of Usher and Stillingfleet that he did, - Outline of their argument, - Rapidity of Christianity’s spread in the first age, - Tertullian’s Testimony, - Earliest Congregations in Britain, - Converts beyond the Roman Wall, - Prosperity of British Church after Diclesian’s Persecution, - British pastors at Councils of Arles and Sardica, - Routes by which Christianity entered Britain, - Britain Christianized by Missionaries from the East, - Testimony of Neander, .

Chapter 20. THE CRADLE OF THE SCOTS. The Caledonian and Scot to form one Race, - The two branches of the Cymric Family, the Scythians and the Gauls, - The early Inhabitants of Britain Cymric, - Additional varieties, - Caesar on the Britons of his day, - Scythia a fountain- head of Nations, - Picture of the Scythians, - Ancient testimonies to the Virtue and Valor of the Scythians, - They overthrow Rome, - Scythia the original cradle of the Scottish Race, - Scythae and Scoti, two Names for one People, - Journey to the south over Germany and France, - They arrive in Spain, - Cross to Ireland, - Division of the Scythic Stream, - Their physical Prowess, - Their Mode of Fighting , - Burials , Dress, Food, Feasts, - Their War Songs and Music, - The one Extant Pictish Word, .

Chapter 21. THE COMING OF THE SCOTS TO IRELAND. The Scots first mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus in end of Fourth Century, - Arrive in Ireland probably in the First Century, - The Scots formed the van in the descent of the Gothic Nations, - A marked Individuality, - The Inhabitants of Ireland in Patrick’s time, - Scots give Kings to Ireland, - Their Fighting qualities, .

Chapter 22. THE PLANTING OF THE SCOTTISH NATION. First Appearance of the Scots in Scotland, - Join the Picts in Ravaging the Territory betwixt the Teo Walls, - Penetrate to the South of England, - Forced back by the Theodosius, - A second Irruption of Pict and Scot, - Again Repulsed, - A Third Raid, - A Third Repulse, - Fall of Rome, - Miseries of Britain on Departure of the Romans, - Groans of the Britons, - Four Nations in Britain, -ANGLO-SAXONS, -- Their Territory extends from Portmouth to the Forth, - TheBRITONS, - Their Kingdom Stretches from Cornwall to the Clyde, - ThePICTS or\parCALEDONIANS, - Their Kingdom from the Forth to the Pentland Frith, - TheSCOTS, - Angus and Loarne, - First Capital of Scots, - Early System of Government, - Peace between the Scots and Picts, .

Chapter 23 .KINDLING OF THE LAMP OF IONA. A Coracle crosses the sea from Ireland , - Columba and his Twelve Companions, - They step ashore on Iona, - First Survey of the Island, - One of the Great Voyages of History, - Columba obtains a Grant of the Island, - Conversion of King Bruidi, - A Century’s Peace in Caledonia, - Anglo- Saxon Conquest of England, - English Christianity swept away, - A Partition Wall of Heathenism betwixt Scottish and Latin Christianity, - Iona and Rome, or Two Principles at the two opposite extremities of Europe, - Work of the Men of Iona, - Their Mission Field Christendom, - Brief Sketch of their Mission Tours, - Their Dress, Dangers, Bravery, .

Chapter 24. BATTLES POLITICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL. Early Light Bearers, - Ninian and Kentigern, - Servanus, - Patrick, - Columban Institution, - Its Work, Training, of Missionaries, and Evangelization of Scotland, - The School and the Plough, - A Spirit of Peace Breathes over the Land, - King Aidan anointed by Columba, - Summary of his Reign, - Ethelfrith of Northumbria Slaughters the Monks of Bangor, - Arrival of Augustine and his Monks in England, - What comes out of it, - Oswald of Northumbria finds asylum in Scotland, - Sits at the Feet of the Elders of Iona, - King Edwin Converted to the Roman Rite, - His Death in Battle, - Oswald Ascends the Throne of Northumbria, - Sends to Iona for Evangelists to Instruct his People, - Aidan sent, - Aidan and the King Evangelize together, - Oswald dies and Oswy ascends the Throne, - Perversion of King Oswy, - He drives the Columban Missionaries out of Northumbria, - War breaks out, - Bloody Battle at Nectan’s Mere, - It saves Iona, - Lindisfarne, of “Holy Island,” - Cuthbert of Melrose, - His beautiful Life, - Goes to Lindisfarne, - His touching Death scene, .

Chapter 25. IONA AND ROME,OR THE SECOND ROMAN INVASION.

Calm after Tempest, - Two Learned and Wise Princes, - Venerable Bede, - Outline of his Life and Labors, - What he Lacks, - Eugene vi. of Scotland, - His Learning, - The Eighth Century of Scotland Rises in Haze, - Romish Missionaries at the Court of Nectan, King of the Southern Picts, - Questions of Easter and the Tonsure, - Nectan Listens and Submits, - The Clergy who refuse to have their Heads Shorn are driven out, - They find Refuge among the Scots, - War follows, - Nectan Retires to a Monastery, - Confusions and battles, .

Chapter 26. UNION OF THE SCOTS AND PICTS -THE SCOTTISH NATION.