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Elucidation
The
editor of this American Series confines himself in general to such
occasional and very brief annotations as may suggest to students
and others the practical views which are requisite to a clear
comprehension of authors who wrote for past ages; for a sort and
condition of men no longer existing, whose extinction as a class is,
indeed, largely due to these writings. But he reserved to himself the
privilege of correcting palpable mistakes, especially in points which
bear upon questions of our own times.
That our learned translators have unaccountably
admitted a very inaccurate translation of the crucial paragraph in book
iii. cap. iii. sect. 2, I have shown in the footnote at that place. It is
evident, (1) because they themselves are not satisfied with it, and (2)
because I have set it side by side with the more literal rendering of a
writer who would have preferred their reading if it could have borne the
test of criticism.
Now, the authors of the Latin translation3794
| 3794 One of the Antiochian Canons
probably reflects the current language of an earlier antiquity thus:
διὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ μητροπόλει πανταχόθεν συντρέχειν
πάντας τοὺς τὰ πράγματα ἔχοντας: and, if
so, this συντρέχειν gives
the meaning of convenire. | may have designed the
ambiguity which gives the Ultramontane party an apparent advantage; but
it is an advantage which disappears as soon as it is examined, and hence
I am content to take it as it stands. Various conjectures have been made
as to the original Greek of Irenæus; but the Latin answers every purpose
of the author’s argument, and is fatal to the claims of the Papacy.
Let me recur to the translation given, in loco, from a Roman
Catholic, and this will be seen at once.
For he thus renders it:—
1. In this Church, “ever, by those who are on
every side, has been preserved that tradition
which is
from apostles.” How would such a proposition have sounded to Pius
IX. in the Vatican Council? The faith is preserved by those who come
to Rome, not by the Bishop who presides there.
2. “For to this Church, on account of more potent
principality,3795
| 3795
“Its more potent,” etc., is not a strict rendering:
“the more potent,” rather; which leaves the
principalitas to the city, not the Church. | it is
necessary that every Church (that is, those who are, on every
side, faithful) resort.” The greatness of Rome, that is, as the
capital of the Empire, imparts to the local Church a superior dignity,
even as compared with Lyons, or any other metropolitical Church.
Everybody visits Rome: hence you find there faithful witnesses from every
side (from all the Churches); and their united testimony it is
which preserves in Rome the pure apostolic traditions.
The Latin, thus translated by a candid Roman Catholic,
reverses the whole system of the Papacy. Pius IX. informed his Bishops,
at the late Council, that they were not called to bear their testimony,
but to hear his infallible decree; “reducing us,” said the
Archbishop of Paris, “to a council of sacristans.”
Sustaining these views by a few footnotes, I add (1) a
literal rendering of my own, and then (2) a metaphrase of the same,
bringing out the argument from the crabbed obstructions of the Latin
text. This, then, is what Irenæus says: (a) “For it is necessary
for every Church (that is to say, the faithful from all parts) to meet in
this Church, on account of the superior magistracy; in which Church, by
those who are from all places, the tradition of the apostles has been
preserved.” Or, more freely rendered: (b) “On account of the
chief magistracy3796
| 3796 Bishop
Wordsworth inclines to the idea that the original Greek was ἱκανωτέραν
ἀρχαιότητα, thus
conceding that Irenæus was speaking of the greater antiquity of
Rome as compared with other (Western) Churches. Even so, he shows that
the argument of Irenæus is fatal to Roman pretensions, which admit of no
such ideas as he advances, and no such freedom as that of his dealings
with Rome. | [of the empire], the faithful from all parts,
representing every Church, are obliged to resort to Rome, and there to
come together; so that [it is the distinction of this Church that], in
it, the tradition of the apostles has been preserved by Christians
gathered together out of all the Churches.” Taking the entire
argument of our author with the context, then, it amounts to this:
“We must ask, not for local, but universal, testimony. Now, in
every Church founded by the apostles has been handed down their
traditions; but, as it would be a tedious thing to collect them all, let
this suffice. Take that Church (nearest at hand, and which is the only
Apostolic Church of the West), the great and glorious Church at Rome,
which was there founded by the two apostles Peter and Paul. In her have
been preserved the traditions of all the Churches, because
everybody is forced to go to the seat of empire: and therefore, by these
representatives of the whole Catholic Church, the apostolic traditions
have been all collected in Rome:3797
| 3797 Nobody has more forcibly stated the argument of Irenæus
than the Abbé Guettée, in his exhaustive work on the Papacy. I published
a translation of this valuable historical epitome in New York (Carleton),
1867; but it is out of print. The original may be had in Paris
(Fischbacher), No. 33 Rue de Seine. | and you have a synoptical
view of all Churches in what is there preserved.” Had the views of
the modern Papacy ever entered the head of Irenæus, what an absurdity
would be this whole argument. He would have said, “It is no matter
what may be gathered elsewhere; for the Bishop of Rome is the infallible
oracle of all Catholic truth, and you will always find it by his
mouth.” It should be noted that Orthodoxy was indeed preserved
there, just so long as Rome permitted other Churches to contribute their
testimony on the principle of Irenæus, and thus to make her the
depository of all Catholic tradition, as witnessed “by all,
everywhere, and from the beginning.” But all this is turned
upside down by modern Romanism. No other Church is to be heard or
considered; but Rome takes all into her own power, and may dictate to all
Churches what they are to believe, however novel, or contrary to the
torrent of antiquity in the teachings of their own founders and great
doctors in all past time.E.C.F. INDEX & SEARCH
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