PART I CHAPTER - fta1 Exceptions — one in Luke, two each in Matthew, Mark and Acts, seven in John. fta2 Better “from their origin”. fta3Expositor , Feb., 1896, p. 90.

CHAPTER - ftb1The Church in the Roman Empire , Pt. 1. ftb2 Both in the pages of the Expositor in many separate articles, and in St . Paul the Traveler and the Roman Citizen . ftb3 See chapter 5. ftb4 There are other impossibilities upon impossibilities which have often been stated, and are repeated in chapter 5.

CHAPTER - ftc1 Much might be said on this subject; but it belongs to a study of Paul’s life, and the proofs are found at intervals throughout his career. The subject is touched upon several times in St . Paul the Traveller , e .g ., pp. 30 f., 225, 315. ftc2 The difficulty of being accurate about Roman personal names might be illustrated plentifully even from the books of distinguished modern classical scholars, an unpleasant topic from which I refrain. ftc3 I should now be inclined to modify lines 6, 12, 16 of St . Paul the Traveller , p. 83, so as to eliminate the word “Roman”. Except in those lines, the scene is there described on Paul’s Greek side, as I think is right. ftc4 Canon Hicks in Classical Review , 1887, pp. 4, 42; Deissmann, Bibelstudien , 1895, and Neue Bibelstudien , 1897. See also Expository Times , Oct., 1898, p. 9. ftc5 St . Paul the Traveller , pp. 30 f., 111, 135, 255, etc . ftc6 Literally, “they unroofed the roof”. ftc7 E .g ., St . Paul the Traveller , p. 17. ftc8 See the introduction to his edition of Plautus, Miles Gloriosus , p. 11. ftc9 In that case the court was called peristylium . ftc10 Tegulae : see Brix’s note on Plautus, Miles Gloriosus , 156. ftc11 ke>ramov : see Pollux, 7., 162; Aristophanes, Clouds , 1127; Thucydides, 2., 4, etc . ftc12 kra>tistov See Note 1 at the end of chapter 3. ftc13 See Note l at end of chapter 3. ftc14 “If this man were not an evildoer, we should not have delivered him up unto thee”. ftc15 The subject of this paragraph is more fully treated in St . Paul the Traveller , p. 304 ff. ftc16 Alford quotes 4:25-27, 9:52-56, 10:33, 15:11 ff., 17:16-18, 18:10 ff., 19:5, 9. ftc17 See Chapter 10 ff. ftc18 St . Paul the Traveller , p. 309 f. ftc19 De libr . suis (Kuhn, vol. 19.).

CHAPTER - ftd1 On the sense of ajnata>xasqai see Blass, Philology of the Gospels , 1898, p.14 f. ftd2 Dr. E. Nestle in the Expository Times , 1898, p. 332. ftd3 For Eastern feeling read Lady Duff Gordon’s Letters from Egypt . ftd4 7:36 ff.: See Note at end of chapter.

CHAPTER - fte1 Westcott, Gospel of St . John , p. 78. fte2 Ein allgemeiner Reichscensus war dazu weder nothig noch zweckmassig are his exact words (Augustus und seine Zeit , Part 1., vol. 2., p. 923). fte3 I do not mean to imply that Mommsen has shown any disposition to accept Luke’s evidence on this point. On the contrary, he dismisses it as a mere mistaken inference from Josephus. fte4 On this see chapter 7.

CHAPTER - ftf1 This title was given to certain princes, e .g ., those who ruled Ketis in Cilicia Tracheia. ftf2 Bell . Civil ., 5., 75. ftf3 w[ste ajpografh~nai pa~san thnhn gh~n kai< h\n prw>hn ei+con JRwmai~oi , Malalas, p. 226. ftf4 o[te prw~ton ejke>leusan ajpografasqai , Strom ., 1., 21, 147. ftf5 Mr. Grenfell notes, “it is absolutely certain that the indictions began in A.D. 312, and not before,” as is shown by one of the Rainer papyri.

CHAPTER - ftg1 Kenyon in Classical Review , March 1893, p. 110; Wilcken in Hermes , 1893, p. 203 ff.; Viereck in Philologus , 1893, p. 219 ff. There is a short supplementary paper by Wilcken in Philologus , 1893, p. 563. ftg2 Confirmed by Mr. Kenyon’s new discovery. ftg3 CCLX. 78, 79, and CCLXI. 31, 32. ftg4 F. Ll. Griffith, Law Quart . Rev ., 1898, p. 44 f. ftg5 Grenfell, An Alex . Erotic Papyrus , etc ., Nos. 45 and 46. ftg6 See e .g . Varia 2. in Classical Review , Oct., 1898. ftg7 Rom . Staatsrecht , 2., p. 212 f. ftg8 Mr. Grenfell notes, “for ‘seem to have been’ you might say ‘were’: there are hundreds of instances to show it”. ftg9 Mr. Kenyon notes, “returns of live stock are separate”. ftg10 The Romans, who counted both initial and final years in each period, would have called it a Fifteen-Years’-Cycle; it was held in years 1, 15, 29, etc . We call that a Cycle of fourteen years. ftg11 So Kenyon writes correcting Wilcken’s published statement. In Syria women, as well as men, paid; and the age was fourteen for men, twelve for women, until sixty-five, Ulpian, Dig ., L. 15, 3.

CHAPTER - fth1 Absolutely the only reason for thinking it to be a forgery was that it mentioned the census of Quirinius, and therefore seemed to give some support to Luke. But as this might be the historical census of Quirinius in A.D. 7, the support was very slight and indirect; and, if a forger were inventing a support for Luke, he would hardly be content with such a small result for his work. See Mommsen in Ephemeris Epigraphica , 4., p. 588, on the rediscovery of the stone. fth2 Suidas, s .vv . jApografh< and Aujgou~stov , fth3 Bell . Jud ., 2., 16, 4. fth4 De uis enim instrumentis saecularia probari necesse est (de Cor . 7). fth5 Nat . Hist ., 7., 48 (159). fth6 Mommsen, Monum . Ancyran ., ed. 2., p. :37. fth7 Strictly the province was termed Syria et Cilicia et Phoenice . fth8 Tacitus, Annals , 6., 41, and Wilhelm, Arch . Epigr . Mittheilun-gen , 1894, p. 1 ff. fth9 Tacitus, Annals , 9., 25, 31; Suetonius, Claud ., 16; Pliny, Nat . Hist ., 7., 48 (159). fth10 Beginning April 73 (according to Chambalu, de magistrat . Flaviorum , quoted by Goyau, Chronologie de l’Emp . Rom ., s . a .) their office lasted eighteen months. See Pliny, Nat . Hist ., 7., 49 (162). fth11 Apolog ., 1., 34. Felix, governor of Egypt, is mentioned in it, and he governed Egypt about 150. fth12 Apolog . 5.

CHAPTER - fti1 Dr. Schuerer well describes the ambiguous policy of Herod, Gesch . d . Jud . Volkes , etc ., 2., p. 327 f. fti2 pa>lai crw>menov aujtw~| fi>lw|, nu~n uJphko>w| crh>setai , Josephus, Ant . Jud ., 16., 9, 3 (§ 290). fti3 Schuerer, l . c ., 1., p. 329; Josephus, 15., 10, 4. fti4 pantosantov di j o[rkwn h+ mhsein Kai>sari…oi[de oujk w]mosan . Josephus, Ant . Jud ., 17., 2, 4. The aorists imply a single occasion, not a regularly repeated custom. fti5 Life of Jesus , 1., p. 203. fti6 Some date his arrival as late as 8 B.C. This would make the delay in the enrollment of Judea all the more natural. He was succeeded by Quinctilius Varus in 7. See Note 1 at end of chapter 11. fti7 Ant . Jud ., 17., 3, 2 (§ 53); 8, 2 (§ 195). fti8 tw~n kata< than hJgemo>nwn Bell . Jud ., 1., 27, 1. fti9 See Niese in Hermes , 28., 1893, p. 212 ff.; also see Notes at the end of chapter 10. fti10 Reichsrecht und Volksrecht , Leipzig, 1891. fti11 ejk tou~ prou>ptou eijv to< polemei~n te kai< bla>ptein ejphrme>noi , Ant . Jud ., 17., 2, 4 (41). fti12 See Mr. J. W. Paterson’s excellent article on “Agriculture” in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible . On the use of the fine chopped straw in the economy of the farm, see Contemporary Review , August, 1897, p. 237.

CHAPTER - ftj1 The less definite form is strictly correct: Jesus was thirty years and a few months, more or less. ftj2 Hegemonia , hJgemoni>a , is the word; on its sense see Chapter 11. ftj3 Mommsen quotes a remarkable case in the Monumentum Ancyranum where Augustus’s desire to be precise and certain has exposed his statement of a number to be interpreted in three different ways by different writers. ftj4 Prosopographia Imp . Rom ., 2., p. 183; Mommsen, Staatsrecht , 2., p. 1159. ftj5 See Note at end of chapter 10. ftj6 See Note at end of chapter 10. ftj7 See Mr. Turner in Dr. Hastings’ Dict . of Bible , 1., p. 406. ftj8 In Dr. Hastings’ Dict . of Bible . ftj9 Yet compare John 12:1, Mark 14:1: See Note at the end of Chapter 4. ftj10 See Note 2 at the end of Chapter ftj11 On Hippolytus see Mr. Turner’s remarks, l . c . p. 413, col. 2. ftj12 Reading “a feast” instead of “the feast” (eJorth< for hJ eJorth> ). ftj13 My. Turner says: “The statement of a medieval Jew, R. Abarbanel, that the conjunction of these two planets in Pisces is to be a sign of Messiah’s coming, may perhaps have been derived ultimately from ancient traditions known to the Chaldaeans”. ftj14 The ceremony in Jerusalem, Luke 2:22, could not have taken place after the visit of the Magi, for the flight into Egypt must have followed immediately on the visit. ftj15 Ant . Jud ., 17., 2, 4. ftj16 Augustus must have uttered the witticism in Greek: the pun (u=n h\uiJo>n ) is lost in Latin or English: see Macrobius, Sat ., 2., 4. ftj17 (1) The pagans of that time were strongly prejudiced against Christians and not likely to quote them. (2) A Christian author would have spoken about Palestine, not about Syria. ftj18 See below,Note, 2. ftj19 See Mr. Turner on his p. 405.

CHAPTER - ftk1 Acts 5:37; Josephus, Ant . Jud ., 17., 13; 18., 1, 1. ftk2 Lentulus was in office in Asia on 10th May, B.C. 1, and therefore, as Mommsen says, governed during the year 2-1 (Res Gestae D . Aug ., p. 170). But, as Waddington sees (Fastes d’Asie , p. 101), Lentulus seems to have been still in office on 12th August, and therefore probably ruled Asia also in the year 1 B.C. — 1 A.D. ftk3 Mr. Furneaux takes the latter sense in his admirable edition of Tacitus, Annals , 3., 23, and so apparently does Nipperdey also; and it must be acknowledged that Suetonius’s expression suits that. Sense and the historical facts, however, show it to be impossible. ftk4 See my Church in the Roman Empire , p. 32; C. I. L., 3., No. 6974. ftk5 See Note 1 at the end of Chapter 11. ftk6 Probably about 1st April, B.C. 4. ftk7 Ant . Jud ., 17., 5, 2. ftk8 Legatus Augusti pro praetore . ftk9 See Note 2 at the end of Chapter 11. ftk10 Hist ., 1., 10. ftk11 He was unfit for the war, Mommsen, Rom . Gesch ., 5., 382 f. Corbulo governed Syria for a time after Quadratus; but the burden apparently was too great, and Gallus was appointed. ftk12 M. Bour also finds an allusion to the universal enrollment in a phrase of the Monumentum Ancyranum where the restored text was omnium prov [inciarum censure egi or statum ordinavi ]; but he has not remarked that the recovered Greek translation proves the sense and words to have been omnium prov [inciarum Populi Romani ]…fines auxi . ftk13 basilikai< oJdoi>, Church in Rom . Emp ., p. 32; Lanckoronski, Stadte Pamphyliens , 2., p. 203. ftk14 Strabo, p. 569. His account certainly suggests both that the revenge was not delayed so late as Mommsen’s view implies, and that a good deal of time was needed to carry out all the operations involved, the foundation of new cities, the transference of population, etc . ftk15 L’Inscription de Quirinius et le Recensement de St . Luc , Rome, 1897:a treatise crowned by the Pontificia Accademia di Archeologia . This skillful argument was presented to the Academy in Dec.,1806, and published in the late summer or autumn of 1897. It refers in a concluding note to my papers on the same subject in Expositor , April and June, 1897.

CHAPTER - ftl1 St . Paul the Traveller , p. 48 f. ftl2 ejn tai~v hJme>raiv th~v ajpografh~v kai< ajpe>sthse laosw aujtou~ in Luke, and town ajposth>santov Kurini>ou th~v jIoudai>v timhteu>ontov in Josephus. ftl3 Bampton Lectures , 1893, p. 278. ftl4 Lucas und Josephus in Zeitschr . f . krit . Theologie , 1876, p. 574 ff.