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Treasury of Scripture Knowledge -
LEVITICUS 23
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1 The feasts of the Lord.
3 The sabbath.
4 The passover.
9 The sheaf of first-fruits.
15 The feast of Pentecost.
22 Gleanings to be left for the poor.
23 The feast of trumpets.
26 The day of atonement.
33 The feast of tabernacles.
VERSE 1
* :1
VERSE 2
- the feasts.
God appointed several festivals among the Jews. The Passover
was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first
month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of
the civil year, and lasted seven days. The Pentecost was
celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory
of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinai, fifty days,
or seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is
derived from the Greek word [ ,] which signifies
the fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, Ex
22 34:22. The feast of trumpets, celebrated on the first day of
the civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclaim its
commencement, which was in the month {Tisri,} answering to
our September, Le 23:24, 25. The new moons, or first days of
every month, were, in some sort, a consequence of the feast
of trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the
first-fruits of every month they should acknowledge him as
the Lord of all their time, and own his providence, by which
all times and seasons are ordered. The feast of expiation or
atonement was kept on the 10th day of {Tisri} or September:
the Hebrews call it Kippur, i.e., pardon or expiation,
because it was instituted for the expiation of their sins.
The feast of tents or tabernacles was so called, because the
Israelites kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of
their dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It
was celebrated on the 15th day of {Tisri,} and continued
eight days: the first and last days are the most solemn.
Besides the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of
{lots,} or {Purim,} which was celebrated among the Jews of
Shushan on the 14th of {Adar,} which answers to our February.
The feast of the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the
restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by
Antiochus Epiphanes, which is thought to be the feast
mentioned in the gospel Joh 10:22, was celebrated in the
winter. {Modim,} properly means assemblies, convened at an
appointed time and place.
* :4,37 Ex 23:14-17 Isa 1:13,14; 33:20 La 1:4 Ho 2:11 Na 1:15
* Joh 5:1 Col 2:1
- proclaim
* Ex 32:5 Nu 10:2,3,10 2Ki 10:20 2Ch 30:5 Ps 81:3 Joe 1:14; 2:15
* Jon 3:5-9
VERSE 3
* Le 19:3 Ex 16:23,29; 20:8-11; 23:12; 31:15; 34:21; 35:2,3 De 5:13
* Isa 56:2,6; 58:13 Lu 13:14; 23:56 Ac 15:21 Re 1:10
VERSE 4
* :2,37 Ex 23:14
VERSE 5
* Ex 12:2-14,18; 13:3-10; 23:15 Nu 9:2-7; 28:16 De 16:1-8 Jos 5:10
* 2Ch 35:18,19 Mt 26:17 Mr 14:12 Lu 22:7 1Co 5:7,8
VERSE 6
* Ex 12:15,16; 13:6,7; 34:18 Nu 28:17,18 De 16:8 Ac 12:3,4
VERSE 7
* Nu 28:18-25
VERSE 8
- by fire.
* Le 1:9
- Young renders, "fire offering."
* Nu 28:19-24
- seven days. i.e., daily for that period (Young). seventh
day. in which the Egyptians were drowned.
* Ex 12:16; 14:23-28
VERSE 9
VERSE 10
- When. See on ch.
* Le 14:34
- and shall.
* Le 2:12-16 Ex 22:29; 23:16,19; 34:22,26 Nu 15:2,18-21; 28:26
* De 16:9 Jos 3:15
- sheaf. or, handful. Heb. omer. the first fruits.
This offering was a public acknowledgement of the bounty and
goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the
practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar
one, founded on the same reason.
* Pr 3:9,10 Eze 44:30 Ro 11:16 1Co 15:20-23 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4
VERSE 11
* Le 9:21; 10:14 Ex 29:24
VERSE 12
* Le 1:10 Heb 10:10-12 1Pe 1:19
VERSE 13
- the meat.
* Le 2:14-16; 14:10 Nu 15:3-12
- the drink.
* Ex 29:40,41; 30:9 Nu 28:10 Joe 1:9,13; 2:14
- the fourth.
* Ex 30:24 Eze 4:11; 45:24; 46:14
VERSE 14
- eat.
* Le 19:23-25; 25:2,3 Ge 4:4,5 Jos 5:11,12
- it shall be.
* Le 3:17; 10:11 De 16:12 Ne 9:14 Ps 19:8
VERSE 15
* :10,11; 25:8 Ex 34:22 De 16:9,10
VERSE 16
* Ac 2:1
VERSE 17
- two wave.
* Nu 28:26
- leaven.
* Le 7:13 Mt 13:33
- the first-fruits.
* :10 Ex 22:29; 23:16,19; 34:22,26 Nu 15:17,19-21 De 26:1,2
* Pr 3:9,10 Ro 8:23 1Co 15:20 Jas 1:18 Re 14:4
VERSE 18
- seven lambs.
* :12,13 Nu 28:27-31 Mal 1:13,14
- with their.
* Nu 15:4-12
VERSE 19
- one kid.
* Le 4:23-28; 16:15 Nu 15:24; 28:30 Ro 8:3 2Co 5:21
- two lambs.
* Le 3:1-17; 7:11-18
VERSE 20
- wave them.
* :17; 7:29,30 Ex 29:24 Lu 2:14 Eph 2:14
- holy to.
* Le 7:31-34; 8:29; 10:14,15 Nu 18:8-12 De 18:4 1Co 9:11
VERSE 21
- proclaim.
* :2,4 Ex 12:16 De 16:11 Isa 11:10
- a statute.
* :14 Ge 17:7 Ex 12:17 Nu 18:23
VERSE 22
* Le 19:9,10 De 16:11-14; 24:19-21 Ru 2:3-7,15,16-23 Job 31:16-21
* Ps 41:1-3; 112:9 Pr 11:24,25 Isa 58:7,8,10 Lu 11:41 2Co 9:5-12
To the institution of the feast of pentecost is annexed a
repetition of that law, by which they were required to leave
the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the
ends of the butts, for the poor. It may come in here as a
thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the
people of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating
to them, that to obey even in this small matter was better
than sacrifice; and that unless they were obedient, their
offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that
the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the
poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as
God his. They that are truly sensible of the mercy they
receive from God, will without grudging shew mercy to the
poor.
VERSE 23
VERSE 24
- In the seventh.
* Nu 10:10; 29:1-6 1Ch 15:28 2Ch 5:13 Ezr 3:6 Ps 81:1-4; 98:6
* Isa 27:13 1Co 15:52 1Th 4:16
- a memorial.
{Zichron terooh,} here rendered "a memorial of blowing the
trumpets" properly signifies a memorial of triumph or
shouting for joy. This festival is generally called the
feast of trumpets; and, though the Scriptures have not
expressly declared the reason of its celebration, yet, as it
fell in the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the
first of the civil year, that is, the month {Tisri,}
answering to our September, the opinion very generally
embraced by both Jews and Christians is, that it was a
memorial of the creation of the world, at which "the sons of
God shouted for joy," (Job 38:7;) and which is supposed, not
altogether without reason, to have been at this season of the
year. The month {Tisri} was not only anciently, but still
is, reckoned by the Jews the first month of the year; and the
feast of tabernacles, kept in this month, was said to be, as
it is correctly rendered in the margin, "at the revolution of
the year," (Ex 34:22;) importing, that at this season the
year had revolved, and was beginning anew. So that this
feast was the new year's day, on which the people rejoiced in
a grateful remembrance of God's benefits, and implored his
blessing for the future year.
* Le 25:9
VERSE 25
- offering made by fire. Young renders, "fire offering."
* :8 Nu 29:1-6
VERSE 26
VERSE 27
- the tenth.
* Le 16:29,30; 25:9 Nu 29:7-11
- afflict.
* Le 16:31 Nu 29:7 Ezr 8:21 Ps 35:13 Isa 58:5 Da 10:2,3 Zec 12:10
* Ac 2:37,38 2Co 7:10,11 Jas 9 4:9
- offer.
* Le 16:11,15,24
VERSE 28
* Le 16:34 Isa 53:10 Da 9:24 Zec 3:9 Ro 5:10,11 Heb 9:12,26
* Heb 10:10,14 1Jo 2:2; 4:10; 5:6
VERSE 29
- that shall. See on ver.
* :27,32 Isa 22:12 Jer 31:9 Eze 7:16
- he shall be.
* Ge 17:14
VERSE 30
* Le 20:3,5,6 Ge 17:14 Jer 15:7 Eze 14:9 Zep 2:5 1Co 3:17
VERSE 31
- no manner of work.
* :28 Mt 12:12 Mr 3:4 Ro 4:4,5; 11:6 Eph 2:7-10 Heb 4:8-11
- for ever. Heb. olam.
* Ex 12:24
VERSE 32
- a sabbath. See on ch.
* Le 16:31 Mt 11:28-30 Heb 4:3,11
- afflict. See on ver.
* :27 Ps 35:13; 51:17; 69:10,11; 126:5,6 Isa 57:15,18,19; 58:3-7
* Isa 61:3 Mt 5:4 1Co 11:31
- celebrate your sabbath. Heb. rest.
VERSE 33
VERSE 34
- The fifteenth.
* Ex 23:16; 34:22 Nu 29:12 De 16:13-15 Ezr 3:4 Ne 8:14
* Zec 14:16-19 Joh 1:14; 7:2 Heb 11:9,13
- the feast of tabernacles.
This feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites'
dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years; and was
kept with greater hilarity than any of the other festivals.
Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called {chag,} the feast,
by way of excellence; and by Philo, [ ,] the
greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the
heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed
from it the law which he made in Athens, "that the master of
every family should after harvest make a feast for his
servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with
him in tilling his grounds."
VERSE 35
* :7,8,24,25
VERSE 36
- Seven.
* Nu 29:12-38
- the eighth.
* 2Ch 7:8-11 Ne 8:18 Joh 7:37
- solemn. Heb. day of restraint.
* De 16:8 Joe 1:14; 2:15 *marg:
VERSE 37
- the feasts. See on ver.
* :2,4 De 16:16,17
- every thing.
* Ec 3:1
VERSE 38
- the sabbaths. See on ver.
* :3; 19:3 Ge 2:2,3 Ex 20:8-11
- and beside.
* Nu 29:39 De 12:6 1Ch 29:3-8 2Ch 35:7,8 Ezr 2:68,69
VERSE 39
- when. See on ver.
* :34 Ex 23:16 De 16:13
- on the first. See on ver.
* :24,36
VERSE 40
- the boughs. Heb. fruit.
* Ne 8:15 Mt 21:8
- of palm trees.
* Ps 92:12 Joh 12:13 Re 7:9
- rejoice.
* De 16:14,15 Isa 35:10; 66:10 Joh 16:22 Ro 5:11 Php 3:3; 4:4
* 1Pe 1:8
VERSE 41
* Nu 29:12 Ne 8:18
VERSE 42
* Ge 33:17 Nu 24:2,5 Ne 8:14-17 Jer 35:10 2Co 5:1 Heb 11:13-16
VERSE 43
* Ex 13:14 De 31:10-13 Ps 78:5,6
VERSE 44
* :1,2; 21:24 Mt 18:20
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