EXPLANATORY NOTE.

THE best account of English Bibles and Testaments, with their proprietors, which has ever been published, is that which was printed at the Clarendon Press, Oxford, in 1821, by the Rev. Henry Cotton, D.C.L. In the following Index-List will be found about a hundred editions not there specified.

Under the description column, the quotations marked are taken verbally and literally from the title-page or colophon, which may assist other possessors to identify their imperfect copies. More proprietors might have been added to some books, but these are sufficient to authenticate all the editions mentioned, and put an end to a degree of uncertainty respecting these precious volumes, which has too long prevailed. The number, on the whole, will be found to corroborate, and even strengthen, the statements in the preceding History.

In the following pages Ty. denotes the translation of Tyndale-Co. that of Coverdale-Ma. that of Rogers, alias Matthew, or that of Tyndale left for publication-Cr, denotes Cranmer’s-7a. that of Taverner-Gs. the Genevan version-Bps. that of the Bishops, and To. that of Laurence Tomson. The Library of the late Hon. Thomas Grenville is now in the British Museum. Various Editions Of The New Testament And The Bible In English With Certain Public Libraries And Individual Proprietors In Possession Of Copies; Serving As An Index To The Preceding History.Henry The Eighth Fifty-Four Editions, Viz. Thirty-Nine Of The New Testament And Fifteen Of The Bible B. “The Holy Bible, Conteyntng the Old Testament, and the New:

NewlyTranslated out of the Ortglnall tongues: and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised, by his Maiesties speciall CSmandemeut. Appointed to be read in churches. Imprinted at London by Robert Barker, Printer to the Kings most Excellent Malestie. Anuo Dom. 1611.”-N.B.-It has been said that the British Museum has two editions of this year; but this is a mistake. The title of 1611 has been affixed to the editions of 1619, 1617, 1634, and even 1640, to make apparently fine copies of the first, but there certainly was no second edition in 1611.* T. “The New Testament of our Lord and 8aniour Jesvs Christ. Newly translated,” Sc. Our present version in the same year, very rare. An. 1611. 12mo.

KING JAMES’S TRANSLATORS TO THE READER.

“We are so far off from condemning any of their labours that traveiled before us in this kind, either in this land, or beyond sea, either in King Henry’s time-or Queen Elizabeth’s-that we acknowledge them to have been raised up of God, for the building and furnishing of His Church, and they deserve to be had of us, and of posterity in everlasting remembrance.” “Therefore, blessed be they, and honoured be their name, that brake the ice, and gave the onset upon that which helpeth forward to the saving of souls! Now, what can be more available thereto, than to deliver God’s book unto God’s people in a tongue which they understand?” “Truly, good Christian Reader, we never thought from the beginning, that we should need to make a new Translation, nor yet to make of a bad one a good, but to make a good one better; or out of many good ones, one principal good one, not justly to be excepted against; that hath been our endeavour, that our mark. To that purpose there were many chosen, that were greater in other men’s eyes than their own, and that sought the truth, rather than their own praise.”† IN the preceding List, it may have been observed, there are no questionable books, and yet in the course of eighty-six years, or up to the period in which our present Version was first published, there had been 278 editions of Bibles and New Testaments separately. This gives an average of more than three editions annually. Could, however, all the editions, particularly of Tyndale’s New Testament, be verified, of which, to a certainty, a number exist, still unascertained, we are now fully persuaded that the average would, at the least, amount to four editions every year. All the volumes preceding the year 1560, must be contemplated as one would so many ancient Warriors, after a long and severe conflict. Even their mutilated remains are to be venerated, after having in their own day and generation, proved so many witnesses for the truth; but having sustained the loss of their title-page, or colophon, they could not be called up to the present muster. Though, therefore, we have, with some research, brought about an hundred more into the field than ever were before, their number may yet be increased.

An average, however, is not the only view which should be taken of the entire period. Each reign is considered by the historian as having a character of its own. Thus, in the reign of Henry, from 1525 to 1541, after which he began to frown, the average of publication was fully three editions annually. Before ever he listened, or before he was over-ruled, of the New Testament there had been at least 24 editions! During the long reign of Elizabeth, the average was about the same, or above three issues annually. The brightest period was that of Edward VI., when there were about eight editions for every year he reigned. For the striking disparity between this brief reign and that of his sister Elizabeth, as to the New Testament, see the preceding history.

We have ascertained a larger number of the Bishops’ Version than has ever before been mentioned, or 32 distinct issues. But it may now be observed, that instead of thirty editions in folio, quarto, and octavo, of the Genevan Version, printed from 1560 to 1616, as Lewis reported, and NEWCOME, with many others, have repeated down to this day, we may now very safely assert that by that year there had been at least one hundred and fifty editions of Bibles and New Testaments, of which the reader has the proof before him of one hundred and twenty-nine editions, even by the year 1611.

The Bible of Parker, or the Bishops’ Version, was never again printed after that year, though of the New Testament there were editions by Barker in 1614, 1615, 1617, and 1618. But the Gcnevan Bible still continued to be issued, and by the King’s printer, as well as at Edinburgh and Amsterdam.

Thus, besides four editions of the New Testament, we have the Genevan version in 4to, reprinted in 1613 both at London and Edinburgh. Again at London in 1614, and two editions in 1613. Again in folio, and by Barker still, in 1616. In quarto, at Amsterdam, in 1633, and six other editions, all antedated, as if in London, and in 1599. Again in folio, at Amsterdam, 1640, and two editions in 1644. In 1649 the present Version was printed with the Genevan notes by way of pushing it into favour, but about this period it prevailed, and took the place it has occupied ever since.

HISTORICAL INDEX TO THE ANNALS OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE.

“It is a very striking circumstance, that the high-minded inventors of this great art tried at the very outset so bold a flight as the printing an entire Bible, and executed it With astonishing success.

We may see, in imagination, this venerable and splendid Volume (though in Latin) leading up the crowded myriads of its followers, and imploring, as it were, a blessing on the new art, by dedicating its first-fruits to the service of Heaven.”-Hallam. For its description, see our lntroduction , 48, 49. “Truth is the daughter of time, and time is the mother of truth. And whatsoever ts besieged of truth, cannot long continue; and upon whose side truth doth stand, that ought not to be thought transitory, or that it will ever fall. All things consist not in painted eloquence, and strength or authority. For the Truth is of so great power, strength, and efficacity, that it can neither be defended with words, nor be overcome with any strength: but after she hath hidden herself long, at length she putteth up her head-and appeareth!”-EDWARD FOX, the King’s Almoner, and Bishop of Hereford, anno 1536; this being the first diocese in England in which the daily reading of the Scriptures in English was enforced on the vicars and curates, through Dr. Curwen, theDEAN of that day, and afterwards Bishop of Oxford under Elizabeth. See p 256.

PRELIMINARY NOTICE.

CERTAIN statements as to the English Scriptures have been given in past times by JOHN BALE, in his Centuries of Writers, and JOHN FOXE in his Acts and Monuments; by Father SIMON, in his Critical History, and LE LONG, in his Bibliotheca Sacra; by STRYPE, in his Memorials of Cranmer, and ANTHONY JOHNSON, in his Historical Account of Translations. To these may be added the accounts given by LEWIS and NEWCOME, by MACKNIGHIT and HERBERT MARSH, by CRUTTWELL, in his preface to Wilson’s Bible, andGRAY, in the introduction before his Key to the Old Testament. Not to mention others, an eye has been kept on them all; but their statements, on the whole, are so defective and contradictory, that they, and those who refer to them as authority, require to be read with caution. The confusion and inaccuracy which have reigned throughout the whole, may be traced to one cause. The respective authors had not the Books before them, and probably not one had ever seen, much less inspected, the tenth part of the volumes at which he pointed. In the preceding History and Index-List, on the contrary, all the books have been seen and examined. No reliance has been placed on any loose previous statement, since there occurred such frequent reason to distrust every one of them; and as yet, from all that the Author has learned or read, he has had no occasion to question the general accuracy of either the History or the List of Bibles. No authentic addition has been discovered to the latter, but in the following Index, advantage is taken to insert several items, illustrative or confirmatory of both. It may be added, that in the last edition of “The Introduction to the Study and Knowledge of the Scriptures,” by Mr. Hartwell Horne, he has corrected his notices of the English Scriptures by the preceding Annals.

Another subject, by way of addition to this history, has been suggested, but the Author has abstained, on principle, from all verbal criticism as to the English Bible. As far as man is concerned, imperfection attends him at every step, and the shamefully incorrect manner in which the Scriptures were too often printed, especially in former days, as well as the tardiness to correct remaining minor imperfections in the Sacred text itself, greatly illustrate the forbearance of Heaven: but in these volumes we have the past and present state of Britain, and British Christians with the Scriptures in their hands, before us, such as they have been, and now are; and these, for the present, demand deliberate and exclusive respect. To have entered on the verbal differences, whether in the English Bible, from Tyndale’s down to our present version, or those which have been observed in manuscripts of the Sacred text since examined, would have been only diverting away the mind to a subject altogether foreign to the nature and design of this work.

Here, the past will be allowed, as in some other histories, to form the best indication or discoverer of the future. Now in tracing out a series of authenticated events, extending over more than three Centuries, the writer was early struck with a vein in the history peculiar to itself, and the more so, as it firmly continued to exhibit this characteristic down to the present day-a species of commanding supremacy, amidst various attempts to control, and peculiar to this kingdom. On the whole, therefore, it is presumed, the mind cannot escape from frequently observing a distinguishing feature, which, at the close, among other reflections or inquiries, leads so forcibly to one-What does this history portend? So secretly imported from abroad, as these Scriptures were, into England and Scotland, at the beginning, preserved so independent of control from every section of the British community, multiplied as they have been, and now so widely dispersed, the entire narrative carries every appearance of steady and determined approach-but it is to some one point, never yet gained. Has then some great moral lesson, not yet learned, been thus patiently held up to view, from age to age, but especially to the present? Has some cardinal principle, not yet understood, been waiting for adoption? Whatever that be, it remains for reflection, whether the History itself be not pressing forward, irresistibly, towards a period, when Sacred Scripture will have become the only authoritative source of Christian knowledge, faith, and practice? when the Sacred Vohume will have gained that throne of Supremacy, to which many incidents in every stage of its providential history have been pointing so long?

Meanwhile, in the history of the transmission of ancient Books to modern times, there is absolutely nothing, in our langnage, to be placed in comparison with the introduction and conveyance of the English Scriptures to our times; thus rendering not only deep interest to all the past, but such ample ground for anticipation as to the future. In all ages, according to the magnitude and importance of its ultimate object, has been the compass fetched by the all-wise providence of God.

Abbot, George , afterwards archbishop, one of the translators of the Bible, 479.

Address or Prologue -forming the first language of Tyndale, in print, to the people of God in England-unknown to history for above three hundred years, and but recently discovered,46.-for a fac-simile of the first page, and of the first New Testaments, see Appendix.

Adolphus of Mentz , patron to Gutenberg. Introd. xlix.-takes Mentz by storm, l.

Aglionby , Dr. John, one of the translators of the Bible, 479.

Aitken , Robert, printer of the first English Bible in America, 592.

Alarm , the very great and simultaneous, in London, Oxford, and Cambridge, on first receiving from abroad the New Testament in the English language, 51-62.-the first alarm in Scotland from the same cause, 501.-the panic among the bishops in Edinburgh, and all their churches closed, when the English Bible was first proclaimed as free to all readers, 556-560.

Aldus , the prince of Venetian printers, Introd. liv.

Ales or Aless , Alexander , (Alesius,) his history and exertions hitherto unknown; born April anno 1500, and in Edinburgh, 512.-student at St. Andrews, ib.-cruelly used in the dungeon there, still in existence, 514.-escapes to Dundee-shielded by the Provost there-embarks for the Continent, 515.-the author of the first printed controversy in Britain as to reading the Scriptures-his memorable letter to his King, James V., 516.-attacked by Cochlaeus, 517.-was triumphantly answered by Aless, 521.-his curious and significant interview with Herman, the Archbishop of Co. logne, 523.-Aless, the first man, by many years, who pleaded for the Scriptures to be read at home round the household fire in Scotland, 525.-Crum well invites him into the Convocation, 252.-the first man, therefore, who, on British ground, argued for Baptism and the Lord’s Supper to be the only ordinances under the New Testament, 255, 256.-Cranmer and the bishops afraid of his counsel, 257.-by the King’s order sent to Cambridge, to expound Scripture, 533.-prevented, he studies medicine in London, id.-escapes again to Germany, id.-made professor of divinity at Frankfort on the Oder, id.- often employed in discussion, id.-pub lished various expositions of Scripture, 534.-his wife and children, id.-Professor for twenty-three years at Leipsic, and where, in 1565, he died in peace, id.-taking the precedence of all other eminent Scotsmen, and pleading for his Country long before any other voice was heard, some suitable Memorial is now due to his character and exertions, but more especially in Edinburgh, his native city, 534.

Alfred the Great , Introd. xxxi.

America, North, the Bible first seen by its natives, an English one, 588.-afterwards carried there by the Pilgrim Fathers, 589.-but printing it there not permitted by Britain, id.-all must use an imported Bible, for more than 160 years, 590.-the first open imprint, in defiance of Britain, by a Scotsman there, 591.-the first in folio and quarto, not till 1791, 592.-conveyance from and then to a distance, a very notable peculiarity as to the English Scriptures, for above two centuries and a half, id.

Andreas, John, secretary to the Vatican, promotes the press in Rome, introd. li.

Andrews, Dr. L., translator of our present version, 477.

Andrews , Dr. R., translator of our present version, 478.

Angus , Earl of, head of the English party in Scotland, 494, 501.

Ann of Luxemburg , a reader of Wickliff’s Testament, Introd, xlii.

Antwerp , first English New Testaments burnt there, 79.-persecution, through the English Ambassador, for printing an edition there, 76, 77.-or importing them to Britain, ll0.-nobly resisted by the citizens, 77-79, ll0- 112.-Tunstal’s visit to buy up Testaments, 122.-a new English Ambassador sent, 150.-his bold remonstrance with Crumwell against persecution, 170.-various editions printed there, 278.

Arbuthnot , Alex., printer of the first English Bible in Scotland, 571.

Arran , Earl of, head of his party, 494.-protector of Scotland, 554.-succumbs to Beaton, 565.

Arrival , the first, of the English New Testament in London, Oxford, and Cambridge, 50-60.-the first in Edinburgh and St. Andrews, 497, 498.

Arundel , Archbishop, stirs persecution against the Wickliffites, Introd. xliii.

Askew , Anne, her heroic behaviour under examination, 393.-the cruel torture inflicted, id.-her eminent character, and testimony to the allsufficiency of the Scripture before death; her martyrdom, forming the climax of cruelty under Henry VIII., 394, 395.

Audley , Chancellor, on receiving the Great Seal, relaxes persecution, 107.

Authority of Scripture , supreme and exclusive, might have been the polestar of Britain for three centuries past, 627. -but afraid to follow it, id.-though this be the highest of all sacred social questions, and must be settled, if even the providential history of the English Bible itself be any guide, 628, 629.

Bainham , his examination, 179.-confession before the Congregation in Bow Lane, 180.-his martyrdom, id.

Barbo , Peter, the Venetian pontiff.-See Paul II.

Badius Conrad , printer of the first Geneva Bible, 451.

Barker , Christopher, first patentee of the English Bible, 467.-his selfish policy, 471.- secured the patent to his son Robert, 467.

Barker , Robert, is at the cost of the present version, 483.-secures the patent to his family for generations, id.

Barker , family of, as patentees, 466-471.

Barlow , Jerome, Roye’s associate, 28.- pursued by Wolsey, 110, 114.

Barlow , Bishop, one of the translators of our version, 480.

Barlow , Dr., Ambassador of Henry VIII. to Scotland, his report of the state of things there, 539, 541.

Barnes , Robert, 60.-the first recantation, 64.-escapes to the Continent, Bassandyn , Thomas, first printer of the Scriptures in Scotland, 571.

Bayfield’s history, 164.-zealous importer of books, 165, 166.-his cruel usage and martyrdom by Stokesly, 167.

Beaton , Archbishop, in disgrace and concealment at the moment when the English New Testament first arrived in Scotland, 494-500.-the mover of Sir Patrick Hamilton’s death, the proto-martyr, 505.

Beaton , Cardinal, aims after unlimited authority in Scotland, 546-549.-in prison, when parliament proclaimed the Sacred Scriptures to be free to all men, 554-560.-his cruelty, 565.-his own death by violence, 566.

Beton , Thomas, his testimony to free perusal of the Scriptures in 1542, 376.

Bedwell , Dr., one of the translators of our present version, 478.

Benedict XIII. grants six rules for the establishment of St. Andrew’s University, 490.-his favour for Scotland, 491.

Bible-the first ever printed was in Latin; long unnoticed and unknown, till discovered by De Bure in the Mazarine Library at Paris; and hence it has been sometimes called the Mazarine Bible, Introd. xlviii, xlix.

Bible in English , without note or comment, was that for which Tyndale so boldly pleaded, 43.-in this he was joined by Fryth, and these two men, thus early, stood alone, the purest martyrs for the Word of God. 44. 199. 268. Bible alone, without note or comment. the perfect rule of faith and practice, though never yet fairly tested, 627.

Bible, without note or comment, the mere proposal so to circulate it in all languages, at once conveyed an impulse, the most powerful and extensive which British Christians have ever felt, 640.

Bible in English now, the only version in existence on which the sun never sets, Preface.-it has arrived at this extent, not by any united effort so much as by regular sale and dispersion, 603.-rapidity of its issue from the press, Preface, 628.

Bible Society , the first, 597.-the second, id.-the third, or British and Foreign, 599-611.

Bilney , his conversion, 59.-first ensnared,60.-he recants, 90.-preaches, 162.-died a genuine martyr, 163.

Bishops of England -they denounced as poison, and ordered to be delivered up, the first printed New Testaments in English, 72.-they had before been burning them in public, after a sermon, 65.-they are arraigned by Tyndale as the very fountain and spring, or wellhead of all mischief and disorder, 85.-they unite, under Warham their primate, in buying up English New Testaments for destruction, and at considerable expense, 88.-Tunstal of London, two years after this, purchases more copies at Antwerp, 122.-their second grand burning at Paul’s Cross, Tunstal of Durham presiding for Stokesly of London, 144.-at their first Convocation, the former cement of the Bishops mutually cleaving to each other having lost its power, they divide, as nine to nine, 249-252.- but they are all at last signally overruled to receive that Bible, the New Testament of which, and even the owners of it, they had so often denounced and burnt, 301-305. -four years after, certain bishops, led on by Gardiner, were longing to discuss and alter the Sacred text, 372, 373.-once assembled and wrangling over it, the King takes the English Bible out of their hands, and whih, they are yet sitting in Convocation, he published his decided sanction in favour of a citizen of London, who had nobly advanced the great cost of many already in print, 374.-that version frequently styled “the Bishops’ Bible” was never ordered by Queen Elizabeth, 462.-nor ever marked by any public or formal sanction of the Crown, 463.-the authority it carried being that of the bishops only, 465.-the bishops under King James, though applied to for some pecuniary aid in regard to our present version, returned no answer, 477, 481.-if they were unwilling, the King himself was unable, 483.-thus the English Bible of our own day, stands as independent of all such aid from authority, as it had done, since its origin, of all Royal or ecclesiastical control, 484.

Bishops of Scotland -in alarm, 501.-equally hostile to the Scriptures as in England, 534.-all reading of them publicly denounced, 540.-but in vain, 549.-they oppose in parliament, 559, -but alike in vain, 560.

Blayney , his corrected edition of the English Bible, 582.

Boccaccio , Introd. xxxiii.

Bodley , John, an exile during Mary’s reign, 456.-publishes the Gencva version on English ground, 459.-obtains a patent for it from Elizabeth, 458.

Bodley , Sir Thomas, son of the above founder of the Bodleian Library, 457.

Bois or Boys , John, one of the translators of our version, n. 480.-his notes during the translating, 482.

Boleyn , Queen Anne, read Tyndale’s writings, 124.-her marriage, 197. -she justifies the importation of Tyndale’s New Testaments, 224.-no man ever dared so to speak out while the translator lived, 225.-her own copy, now in existence, 227.-her cruel death, 245.

Bonner , Edmund, in Paris, (and now a bishop), 315, 316.-his vile hypocrisy, 367.-sent abroad, 381.-after disgrace under Edward, reinstated by Mary, 420.-he and Gardiner now in union, 427, 428.-Bonner the slaughter man of England, 425, 441.-his cruelty singularly arrested, 425.

Bracciolini , Introd. xxxiii.

Bradford , Rudolph, zealous in dispersing New Testaments, Latimer’s chaplain, 70.

Brainerd , David, Missionary, 590.

Brandon , Charles, Duke of Suffolk, his death, 385.

Brett , Dr., one of the translators of our present version, 479.

Buchanan , George, obliged to leave Scotland, 548.-quoted, 550.

Buckingham , Prior, inveighs against Dr. Barnes, 61.-in the pay of Tyndale’s betrayers, 234.-at Louvain, 239, 536.

Burghley , Lord, his estimate of the number of martyrs in the reign of Mary, 423.

Burleigh , Dr. Francis, one of the translators of our present version, 478.

Buschius , Herman, his testimony to Tyndale’s learning, 220.

Byng , Dr. Andrew, one of the translators of our present version, 478.

Cambridge , great alarm there, on first receiving the English New Testament in print, from abroad, 59-63.-the first Testament known to have been printed there, see Index-List, No. 105; the first Bible, No. 89.

Campeggio , Cardinal, his arrival in England, 108.-his departure, 125.

Canne , John, his Bible with notes and references, n. 581.

Canne , John, his editions of the English Bible, 581.

Cardinal College , Oxford, by Wolsey, his original and insidious design, 22, 23.-rendered abortive by the perusal of Tyndale’s New Testaments, 56-59.

Carey , William, the Tyndale of India, 598.

Carondelet , Archbishop of Palermo and President of the Brabant Council, 236. -presided as such at the time of Tyndale’s imprisonment and mock trial before his martyrdom, 266.

Castro , Alphonso de, Philip’s confessor.-his sermon against persecution, 291.

Chaderton , Dr. Laurence, one of the translators of the authorised version, 478.

Charles , Thomas, of Bala, at the founding of the Bible Society, 602.

Church , our own Church, of whatever form, not the highest point to which, for three centuries, Providence has been inviting the supreme regard of British Christians, 625.

Clark , Dr. Richard, one of the translators of our present version, 477.

Cochlaeus , the grand continental opponent of Scripture, 31.-interrupts Tyndale at the press in Cologne, 33, 36.-alarms the English government,33.-enraged at Alexander Aless, and writes to James V. of Scotland, 517.-actually sent his servant with his tract to Edinburgh, who was richly rewarded, 529. -triumphantly answered by Aless, 521-529.-his death, 534.

Congregation in Bow Lane , Cheapside-was it the earliest resemblance, even under Henry VIII., of a Christian Church founded on the Scriptures? 181, 188.-see it again, under Queen Mary, 425, 426.

Constantyne , George, a very zealous importer of Tyndale’s New Testament, 106.-caught and put in irons by Sir T. More, 306.-escapes to, Antwerp, 168. -in England again, 170.-and becomes a vicar, 338.-dies abroad, but his son-in-law became Archbishop of York, and President of the Council of the North! 339.

Coverdale , Myles, his first appearance,64.-sent abroad, to sound Tyndale, 135.-his version of the English Bible, 244.-compared with Tyndale’s, 281- 293, 305.-Coverdale in Paris, editing the second edition of the latter, 314- 318.-his second and singular escape to the Continent, under Mary, 433- 440.

Coxe , Leonard, schoolmaster at Reading, rescues Fryth from the stocks, 185.

Cranmer sent to the Emperor , with Sir T. Elyot, then in pursuit of Tyndale, 176-178.- Fryth stands before him add other bishops, 200- 202.-refers to the death of Fryth by fire, 202.-fully informed of Tyndale’s imprisonment at Vilvorde, but does nothing, 234,234.- he is overruled to receive Tyndale’s version of the Bible, 296-301.-his first edition of it was in 1540, 347-349.-accused by the Council but in vain, 386-389.-one valuable trait in his procedure, 412, 414.-his martyrdom, 442.

Crumwell , Thomas, his pursuit after Tyndale, 240, 269-278.-all in vain, 279. -fully informed of Tyndale’s imprisonment at Vilvorde, but, like Cranmer, he does nothing to shield him from the persecutors, 234, 263.-constrained at last to seem interested, 236.-but accomplishes nothing, 237.-presides as Vicegerent and Vicar-General in the first convocation under Henry, 249-261.-he is overruled to accept of Tyndale’s version of the Bible, 299, 305.-his base subserviency, 311.-his first injunctions enforcing, not Cranmer’s, but Tyndale’s Bible, 319.-his headlong cruelty, to please his avaricious master, 333.-his zeal and energy as to the Scriptures, admits of but one interpretation, 341-345, 359.-his death, 352. -his character,id.

Dakins , William, B.D., one of the translators of our present version, 480.

Delaber , Antony, a student at Oxford and confessor of Christ,55,56.

Distance , conveyance first from, and then to a distance, a marked feature in the history of the English Bible, for above 250 years! 592.

Divine revelation , or the voice of God to man, however unheeded, knows no pause by night or day, in the England language, Preface, x. xi. 631-634.

Dominion of Britain , its highest import, or what it involves of imperative duty, ii. 636-638.

Donne , Gabriel, the Monk of Stratford Abbey, and the basest betrayer of Tyndale, his strange and hitherto unknown history, 232, 239, 274-276.

Dunbar , Archbishop of Glasgow, interposes some check to Beaton’s power, but yields, 545.-protests against the free reading of the Scriptures, 559.

Edinburgh , its state, when the reading of the Scriptures was first freely allowed, ii. 555-559.

Edward VI., the contrast to his father, ii. 409.-Scriptures printed under his reign, 410.414.- but still an undertaking separate from the reigning authorities, 415, 417.-Edward’s personal character and death, 416.

Edwards , President, 590.

Eliot , John, Missionary to the Indians, 590.

Elizabeth , Queen, her cautious policy at first, extending even to the Scriptures, 453.-yet, by a distinct patent, sanctioned the Genevan version of the English Bible, 456.-Parker’s proposal to interfere with it, in vain, 461.-the English Bible printing at Rouen as well as in London, id.-Parker’s version not ordered by the Queen, 463.-never authorised, nor even specially noticed by her, 465.-patents, their strange origin and history, 466.-Bibles under Elizabeth’s reign, far more numerous than ever before imagined, 468.-the cause of this explained, 470.

Elyot , Sir Thomas, employed in pursuit of Tyndale, by the King’s order, though still in vain, 175-179.

Endhoven , Christopher, printer of Tyndale’s Testaments at Antwerp, 78.

England , hostile to Tyndale’s design, 21-23.-the first arrivals, the Scriptures, and effects, 49-64.-the first burning of books, 65.-persecution, 100-107.-arrested by pestilence at home, 108.-persecution again, 120.-the King, parliament, and bishops, alike hostile to the truth, 128-134.-opposed by Latimer, 142-144.-warned by Tyndale from abroad, 159.-persecution at home, 179-182. -Henry and his counsellors signally overruled to receive the Bible, 301-304.-character of the King’s parliaments and convocations, 328.-death of Henry, 403.-retrospect of his reign, 405-408.-England under Edward the Sixth, 409-418.-under Mary, 418-451. -under Elizabeth, 452- 474. - under James I. to the Commonwealth, 474-488.

Erasmus , his New Testament, the instrument of Bilney’s conversion, 59.-Erasmus describes the character of the Bra-bant Privy Council, under whom Tyndale suffered, 266.

Fairclough , Dr., one of the translators of the authorised version, 479.

Fisher , bishop of Rochester, preaches in 1526, before the first burning of books seized,65.-his violence in parliament, 127.

Fitzralph , Richard, the precursor of Wickliffe. Introd.

Forrest , Henry, a Scottish Martyr, 521.

Ferret , Dean, his trial and martyrdom, 544, 545.

Fox , Bishop of Hereford, his noble address to convocation, 256.

France , its early and promising condition as to the Sacred Scriptures, 504.-its state for two centuries past, 504-506. -the French revolution, and its effect on Britain and her colonies, 505.

Frankfort fair , searching for Tyndale there, in vain, ll4-116.-the troubles of Frankfort, 449.-the troubles overruled for good, as to the English Scriptures, 449-451.

Fryth, John , born at Westerham, Kent, 95.-scholar at Eton, and King’s College, Cambridge, id.-escapes from the dungeon below Cardinal College, 57.-reaches Tyndale abroad, though ambassadors could never find him out, 82.-Fryth’s first printed tract, under the name of Brightwell, 119.-comes to England, 175.-he is in peril, 185.-in the Tower of London, for the word of God, 187.-Tyndale’s letters to him, 190, 196.-who writes and publishes in his defence, 191.-Fryth’s noble heroism, 199, 201.-his martyrdom, the first in England, without one syllable of recantation, 203.-signal effects, 205, 336.

Fysh , Simon, his “Supplication of Beggars,” 51.-its very powerful effect, 52. -he escapes abroad, but returns, 105. -is hunted after by Sir T. More, but sees the King, and soon after dies of the plague in London, 147.

Gardiner , Stephen, bishop of Winchester, he and others denounced Scripture in the language of the people, 141, 142.-thirsted after the destruction of Tyndale, 231.-recalled, when persecution is advised, 307.-and soon resumed, 310.-Gardiner’s curious colloquy with the King and Cranmer, 349.-his virulent opposition to Scripture, 373.-in vain, 374.-he is quite ready to have sacrificed Queen Catherine had not Henry relented, 402.-Gardiner himself in trouble, id.-quite out of Henry’s favour, id.-he is restored by Queen Mary, 420.-completely foiled by Tyndale’s friend, John Rogers the martyr, when under examination, 430, 435-438.

Garret , Thomas, persecuted for disseminating the New Testament, 54- 56.-abjures, 73.-suffered martyrdom with Dr. Barnes.

Geneva , the English New Testament revised, and first printed there, different from the version in the Bible following, 450.-thrce members of the English Church in exile at Geneva, revise the English Bible, and print it there; one other member bearing the chief cost; it became the household Bible of Britain for about eighty years, 454-459.-patent for printing it in England, 458. -dedicated to Elizabeth, and addressed to “the Brethren of England, ,Scotland, Ireland,” &c. 357.

Gilby , Dr., one of the exile translators of the Geneva New Testament, 456.

Grafton , Richard, first printer of Tyndale’s Bible, 294, 297, 300.-and of the second edition in Paris, 314.-of others, with his usual partner, Whitechurch, 356, 369.-his last Bible was the first in 8vo, 462.

Greek Church , Introd. xxxvi.-more correctly, it had not, in so many words interdicted the Scriptures, but it had added to them the canons of the first seven General Councils; it was then sunk into barbarism, and greatly fallen under the power of the Latin church.

Grindal’s fidelity , cruelly resented by Elizabeth, 471.

Grossteste , Robert, an early precursor of Wicliffe, and promoter of the translation of the Scriptures, Introd. xxxiii.

Gutenberg and Fust , inventors of the art of printing, Introd. xlviii.

Gutenberg of Mentz, inventor of printing, Introd. xlviii.

Haokett , John, Henry’s Envoy in Flan-ders, commissioned to destroy English New Testaments there, 76-93.-arrested for false imprisonment, 112.

Hamburg , where Tyndale first arrived from England, 24.-remained for one year, where he had already been at the printing press, 27-30.-moved to Cologne, 30.

Hamilton , Sir Patrick, the proto-martyr for the word of God in Scotlandhis history, and death by fire, 502-507.-the powerful effect, 508.

Harding , Dr. J., one of the translators of the English Bible, 479.

Harman , Richard, a memorable importer of the New Testament by Tyndale, 51. -Wolsey very eager to seize him, 109. -he and his lady imprisoned at Antwerp, ll0.-released at last, 111.-the English ambassador in trouble for his pains, ll2.-and he must remove to Mechlin,id-five years after, Mr. Harman restored to favour in England by Queen Anne Boleyn, 224-226.

Harmar , Dr. John, another of the translators, 480.

Harrison , Thomas, another of the translators, 478.

Hart , Andro, printer of the second Bible put forth in Scotland, 571.

Henry VIII. hostile to the entrance of divine truth,22.-his wrath, and denunciation of the first English New Testament, 68, 69.-his parliament hostile to the truth, 128.-the bishops, with Henry, cordially agreed in this, 13l, 132.-the King and prelates unite in persecution, 141, 148.-this is followed up after the same temper by Crumwell and his royal master, 149.-he exchanges heresy for treason, as the great leading crime of his subjects, 222. -marries a third time, and the day after his second Queen’s murder, 245.-the pontiff, Paul III., aware, and before her death, of the plot against Queen Anne, id.-Henry overrules his first and unprecedented Convocation, 258.-but he himself, as well as all around him, overruled to receive the Bible of Tyndale, as soon as presented, 301-305. -character of the King’s parliaments, 328-330.-his address for the free use of the English Bible, 344.-gross historical mistake as to the Crown, in connexion with the Bible, 355.-his injunctions as to religion, so called, now owned by himself to have been disregarded, or of no effect, 383, 398.-lecturing first his privy-council, then his parliament, 389, 390.-displeased with members of his council, or Wri-othesly and Gardiner, Norfolk and Surrey, 402.-his miserable death, 404.-retrospect of his reign, 405-408.

Hepburn , Prior of Arbroath, his persecution of Ales, 514.

Herman , Count de Wied, Archbishop of Cologne, interview with Ales, 523 and n. 523.

Holland , Roger, an eminent martyr in the reign of Mary, 425.

Holland , Dr. Thomas, one of the translators of the authorised version, 479.

Holland , Roger, a memorable martyr, by Bonner, 425.-its powerful effect in restraining that cruel persccutor, 426.

Hollybushe , assumed name put on some of Coverdale’s Bibles, 321.

Hughes , Joseph, the founder of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 602.

Hutchinson , Dr. Ralph, one of the translators of the English Bible, 480.

Hutton , Dr. Leonard, another of the translators, 480.

James , his accession to the throne of Elizabeth, 475.-his expenditure, 476.-conference with him at Hampton Court explained, 476.-present version of the Bible did not originate with him, 476.-the bishops requested by him to lend pecuniary aid for its execution, 477, 481.-but none ever came from any one, 482.-nor from the King himself, 483.-the expenses of the revisers, properly so called, were defrayed by the patentee, 483.-whose patent had been purchased from the King, id.-the entire procedure being simply a business transaction, as far as the Crown is concerned, 484.-there was no proclamation, no royal orders, 485.-and the version, though finished at press in 1611, did not come into general acceptance and usage throughout Britain till about forty years after, 486-488.-the very singular period when it did so, by no human authority whatever, 488, 574.

James II., his attempt to introduce the “Old learning,” 580.

Jerome , Friar, see Barlow.

Jews employed as agents in forwarding the first English New Testaments into England and Scotland, 115, 512.

Joye , George, some account of him, 217. -his ungracious and ignorant interference with Tyndale’s version, 218-221. -his attestation to Tyndale’s learning in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, 220.

Jugge , Richard, the printer of Parker’s Bishops’ Bible, 467.

John of Garret , Wicliffe’s protector, Introd. xxxvii, xlii.

Kilby , Dr. Richard, one of the translators of the present version, 479.

King , Dr. Geoffry, another of the translators, 478. “ King’s own Book ”-a phrase which has been strangely applied to the English Bible from sheer ignorance, and even in courts of law, though in no sense correct or true, from Henry VIII. down to King James, inclusive, 355, 366, 367, 484.

Knox, John , the mistake, that he had any concern in the Genevan version of the English Bible, corrected, 456.-first began to study Hebrew, he bears witness to the importation of the English Scriptures into Scotland long before his own day, 563, 564.-read for an entire generation, or above thirty years before he settled in his native land, in use during all the lifetime of Knox , were imported, the first Bible printed on Scottish ground, not published till seven years after his death, 569.

Koberger , of Nuremberg, the greatest printer of the 15th century, lntrod. liv.

Lambert , a convert of Bilney, his shameful persecution, mock trial before Henry, and martyrdom, 309-311.

Larfield , Dr. John, another of the translators, 478.

Lascelles , fellow martyr with Anne Askew, 394.

Lasco , John a-, the uncle of the King of Poland, a minister in London, his escape and subsequent troubles, 421.

Latimer , Hugh, called before Wolsey, 73, -licensed by him to preach, id.-preaching before Henry, 142.-his bold and faithful letter to the King, 143.-pleads intrepidly for Scripture in English, summoned before Stokesly, 143. -he falters, 181, 182.-his ever memorable sermon before the bishops in St. Paul’s, 247-249.-he lays aside his robes as a bishop, and among all his fellows stands alone, 337.-imprisoned and most shamefully treated by Henry, 338.-under examination again, 395.-but no recanting now, 397.-released by King Edward, 307.-under Mary he died in triumph at the stake, 441.

Latimer , William, the Greek scholar, advises young Tyndale to caution, 19.

Le Fevre , the venerable French translator of Scripture, his great age and affecting death,5.

Lekprevik , Robert, the first printer in Scotland, licensed to print the Bible, 574.

Lewis , John, author of History of the Translations of the Bible, quoted 585.

Lindsay , Sir David, saved from Beaton by the king’s favour, 548.

Literature , Early English, Introd. xxxiii. -early Scottish, 489-492, 572.

Livlie , Edward, one of King James’s translators, 478.

London -great alarm there on first receiving the English New Testament, in print, from abroad; 52.-the first New Testament in English printed there, after full ten years of bitter and burning opposition, 279.

Longland , Bishop, his notable letter as to Wolsey’s insidious designs, 22.

Luft , Hans, of Marburg, printer of Tyndale’s works, 94.

Luther -Tyndale did not repair to him on leaving England, 24.-but he entered Worms four years after Luther, and there finished at the press the first English New Testaments, 39.-letter of Luther to Henry VIII., 111.-never sent by him to the King, id.

Maccabeus , John, translator of the Danish Bible, and brother-in-law to Coverdale, 440.

Marler , Anthony, the ever-to-be-remem-bered citizen and haberdasher of London, presents Henry VIII. with the English Bible, printed on vellum, 360.-a generous, though unnoticed character in history, id.-because hitherto overshadowed by the King and Cranmer, 365.-yet he it was who bore the expense of these large folio Bibles, in six distinct editions! neither the King, Cranmer nor Crumwell being proprietors, or even contributors, 365-369, 374.

Mary Queen of England -bloodshed prevented for a year and a half, 419.-thus there was time for escape, exiles to the Continent, 420- 422.-martyrs, 423-426.-but the Scriptures wonderfully preserved, 444- 446.-and never, even under this reign, denounced by name, as they had been under Henry, her father, 443.-martyrdom of Rogers, and the singular escape of Coverdale, explained, 427-440.-the martyrdoms of Latimer, Ridley, and Cranmer, 441, 442.-but the New Testament had been again revising and printing abroad, 446. -nay, already it was coming into England, under Mary, 447.-the revision was by Whittingham, then in exile, at Geneva, 448-451.-a triumph analogous to that of Tyndale, over Henry, 448.

Mary Queen of Scots , born, 549.-history of the Bible in her reign, 553.

Mather , Cotton, author of “Essays to do good,” &c., 590.

Matthew’s Bible is not a new translation, but made of Tyndale’s, with part of the Old Testament of Coverdale, though with various amendments of the latter, by John Rogers, the reviser and superintendent of the whole, 294-296.-[See Lewis, pp. 107, 224; this being the first adventure of Grafton and Whitchurch, and the first in which we have any certain account of Grafton being engaged. See Herbert’s Ames, pp. 511, 539.] Maxwell , Lord, who moved in the Scottish parliament that the Scriptures in English should be open to all, 557.

Mentz or Mayence, the mother city of printing, Introd. xlvii.

Mistake , a gross historical, as to the English Bible, 355, 366, 367, 484.

More , Sir Thomas, cross-examining Scripture readers, 104.-sent to France, 121.-Lord Chancellor, 125.-he advises persecution, 128, 130-133.-he has been over-eulogised, 139.-he denounces the writings of Tyndale, 141.-Tyndale answers his calumnies, 155.158.-More writing again, 183.-resigns the great seal, but remains Chancellor for some time, 197.-he is assailed by Saintger-man, 207-210.-his prodigious efforts in writing against Tyndale, 211.-he is finally overcome in argument, and not read, 213, 214.

Mumford , James, Jesuit author under the patronage of James II., 580.

Munmouth , Humphrey, the host and benefactor of Tyndale, 21.-in trouble on his account, 25, 103, 105.

Necton , Robert, disclosures concerning the distribution of the Scriptures, 105. Nicolas de Cusa, Cardinal, first brought the press to Rome, Introd. li.

Nicolas de Lyra’s , the first printed commentary on the Scriptures, Introd. liii.

Norfolk , Duke of, his party dominant, 364.-he and his son the Earl of Surrey arraigned, 401.-narrowly escaped the block by the King’s death, 403.

Norwich , Bishop of, cheerfully contributes to buying up the New Testament for destruction, 89.-he thinks the English Scriptures will ruin the hierarchy! 141.

Nycolson , James, printer of Coverdale’s Bible, 291, 293.

Obligation of British Christians , now to convey Divine Revelation to other nations, at once primary and momentous, 635-641.

Overall , Dr. John, one of King James’s translators, 477.

Oxford , the great alarm there, on first receiving the English New Testament, in print, from abroad, 54-58.-the printing press there of the present day, a lesson to be drawn from it, not of encouragement only, but of warning, 628.

Packington , A., merchant, buys up New Testaments in Antwerp for Tunstal, 122, 145.

Paris and London, at one era, in contrast, 314.-the second English Bible, printing in the former, and finished in the latter, 314-318.

Parker , Archbishop, his version of the Bible, 462-464.-not undertaken by royal command, nor ever peculiarly sanctioned by Elizabeth, 463- 465.-Parker’s editions of the Bible compared with those of the Genevan Version, 463-466.

Parker , Dr., Chancellor of the diocese of Gloucester, Tyndale brought before him, 18.

Patents or Monopolies , for printing the Bible, peculiar to this country, their origin and history, 466-468.-the “Patent of privilege” seems to vitiate all that have followed it, 467.

Patmore , Thomas, merchant, persecuted for distributing New Testaments, 161, 223.

Paul II., or Peter Barbo, the Venetian, and reigning pontiff, blindly amusing himself, by poring over the printers when at work in Rome, not once foreseeing the consequences of the art, Introd . 52.

Petrarch and Italian literature, Introd. 32.

Philips , Henry, the hired betrayer of Tyndale, at Antwerp, and his more guilty associate Gabriel Donne, 232-235.-he remains at Brussels, to persecute him, and raging also against his king, was evidently an agent of “the Old Learning” party, 262, 263.-his future history and death, 274.

Philips , Thomas, complaint against Stokesley and is released, 223.

Pole , Cardinal, cousin of Henry VIII., and educated by him, 233.-the cruelty of Pole in England under Mary, 426.

Pontiffs during the great schism, 490.

Poyntz , Thomas, the noble and disinterested friend of Tyndale unto death, 232, 233.-his earnest letter in his favour, and personal exertions to rescue him, 235-238..-obliged to escape for his own life, 238.-his future history,. his family, and his tomb in North Okendon Church in Essex, 271-273.

Printing , invention of, Introd. xlvii.-Bible, the first book printed, xlviii.-no one adverted to the ultimate results of the art, not even the pontiff or cardinals, li.-nay, one cardinal, and the Librarian of the Vatican, particularly zealous, id.-nearly a thousand works printed at Rome, including Lyra’s commentary on the Bible, but all in learned languages, before anno 1500, lii., liii.-the restrictions of the press trader Queen Elizabeth, 459.

Pursuit after Tyndale on the Continent, first by Wolsey, through Hackett, the English envoy at Antwerp and others, 100-111, ll5-117.-then by the King and Crumwell, through Vaughan, a second ambassador, 149- 155.-alludes to some other out in pursuit, 151.-finally by a third, if not fourth, or Sir T. Elyot, and by the King’s order, 175-179.-all these attempts having failed, our translator of the Bible is at last ensnared, and basely betrayed, through two agents of the Bishops in England, 230-233.

Pykas , John, an early reader of the New Testament, 104.

Quentel , Peter, of Cologne, the first man employed by Tyndale to print the New Testament, 32-36.

Rainolds , John, who first suggested our present version of the English Bible, to which King James, at Hampton Court, agreed, 476-479.

Ravis , Dr. Thomas, one of King James’s translators, 479.

Readers of Scripture , the earliest, 98.-cross-examined and persecuted, 100-108.-the present readers addressed, 631.

Revolution , the French, and its results, 494-596.

Richardson , Dr. John, another of the translators, 478.

Ridley , Nicholas, his martyrdom, 441.

Ridley , Robert, the uncle of Nicholas, 86. -his violent letter, the first mentioning Tyndale by name: he is very hostile to the English New Testament, and urges most determined opposition, 87.

Rincke , Herman, of Cologne, the coadjutor of Cochlaeus against Tyndale, 33. -employed by Wolsey to apprehend Tyndale, Roye, Constantyne, &c., 114. -he is searching for them at Frankfort, in vain, ll5.-buys up Roye’s Satire from Scott of Strasburg, the printer, but can find neither Tyndale nor Roye, 114-116.

Rogers , John, the convert, the disciple and friend of Tyndale, 268.-the reviser and superintendent of his Bible, 294, 295.-apprehended under Queen Mary and cruelly treated, 419.-his wife and ten children, 429- 431.-his memorable examination, when Stephen Gardiner was so completely foiled, 431-438.-the martyrdom of Rogers, 433.

Rome , Bibles in all vernacular tongues prohibited by her, as early as anno 1229, Introd.-especially from the first list issued by Paul IV. in 1559, enumerating 48 editions; but still more pointedly in our own day, and for the last thirty years, by four pontiffs, including the present Plus IX., 630, 631.

Rough , J., a native of Scotland, the man who called Knox to the ministry, a memorable martyr in London, and shockingly treated by Bonnet, 425.

Roye , William, the amanuensis of Tyndale, 27.-dismissed by him, 84.-Wolsey bent on seizing Roye, 109.-for his stinging Satire, 83-115.-the printer of it not before known, 116.-and revisited England even in Wolsey’s lifetime, 116.

Sabbath of the English Bible -a day without night, 632.-the Sabbath of Britain happily distinguishable from that of the Continent, 634.

Sacred Scriptures, the, as printed in English, not the production of any Church, as such, Preface.-thus printed, and viewed historically, they stand above the sphere of all churches, or bodies styled ecclesiastical, in Britain, Preface, xviii., xix., 623, 624.-in this historical event, there is a principle involved, which demands the supreme regard of British Christians, 624, 625, 627.

Sacred Scriptures printed in English, the origin by Tyndale at Hamburg, 28.-progress at Cologne, 30, 31.-thwarted by Cochlaeus, who alarms the English Government,32.-progress at Worms,38.-the first arrivals in England, 49.-first alarm in London, 51.-first alarm in Oxford, 55.-first in Cambridge, 59. -first burning of books, 65.-Warham of Canterbury in fear,67.-the King’s wrath,68.-Henry’s denunciation of Tyndale’s quarto Testameut, 69.-Tunstal’s injunction as to the first two Testaments, 72.-Warham’s mandate, id.-all in vain, the Testaments they judge must be bought up, 88.-this first undertaken by Warham himself, and as primate, 89.-still in vain, as more Copies arrived from abroad and in the most singular way, 91.-early readers, 98.-cross-cxamined and persecuted, 100- 108.-importers caught and punished, ll0-112.-Tunstal going to Antwerp, must now buy up New Testaments, 122.-this only helped forward the cause, 145.-parliament and the bishops arrayed against Divine Truth, 128.-the King cordially unites, 132.-the Pentateuch by Tyndale, now ready, 137.-the rage of the King and his prelates, 141-118.-Bishop of Norwich in greatalarm, 141. -Latimer’s bold remonstrance, 143.-second public burning of the Scriptures, 144.-persecution once more, 179-182.-one chief importer restored to honour by Queen Anne Boleyn, 224.-her own English New Testament, in vellum, unique, 227.-the first New Testament printed on English ground, 278.-Coverdale’s version of the Bible, 281- 292.-remarkable and sudden change in favour of Tyndale’s Bible, 292.-its arrival, 297.-cordially received by Cranmer, 298.-the King and his counsellors signally overruled to receive and prefer it, 301-304.-the second edition is printed in Paris, 314.-the Inquisition interferes, 316.-but is foiled, 317.-nay, their interference greatly contributed to the printing of more English Bibles in London, and by French types and artists, 318.-joy in England on receiving the Bible, 323.-particulars as to various editions, 341-349.-but after the Bible had been thus received independently of the bishops as a body, it is now brought before the Convocation, as they imagined, to be discussed, 372.-Gardiner’s wild and wicked attempt to corrupt the version, 373.-but by such men it was not to be judged, 374.-the Convocation, though yet sitting, very signally condemned and overruled by the King, as he himself had been, and still was, 375. -next Convocation still wickedly opposed to the Scriptures, 377.-enmity to the Truth once more, 398.-but in vain, and Henry at last confesses even his own impotence in all his injunctions or denunciations, id.-Edward VI. under his brief reign, the numerous editions of the Sacred Scriptures, 408-418.-Mary, Queen, the Scriptures wonderfully preserved, 419, 445.-and never, even under this reign, denounced by name, as they had often been under her father, 443.-New Testament revised abroad once more, and sent into England before her death, 446-451.-Elizabeth, very cautious at first, and even as to the Scriptures in English, 453.-first injunction, id.-yet she at once sanctioned the Genevan English version, and by special patent, 456.-singularly compliant here, 459.-Parker’s proposed interference with it in vain, 461.-Parker’s or the Bishops’ version was not ordered by the Queen, 463.-Elizabeth’s patents, their strange origin and history, 466.-Bibles under this reign, especially the Genevan version, far more numerous than were ever before imagined, 469.-James I. Conference at Hampton Court explained, 476.-our present version did not origi nate with royalty or the prelates, 476.-the bishops lent no pecuniary aid, 477- 482.-the revisers, 477-480.-the entire procedure a business transaction, 484.-no proclamation, no royal injunctions, 485.-our present version became the general one, but through no royal, no human authority, and not till about forty years after it was first printed, 488.

Sacred Scriptures in English, sent from the Continent into Scotland.

Tyndale’s New Testaments, their first arrivals, 497.-the authorities in alarm, 501.-they are equally hostile with those in England, 534.-reading the Scriptures denounced, 540.-but though contrary to their law, not a few persist in reading secretly, and for sixteen years, 549, 562. -state of Edinburgh at the moment of general allowance, 557.-the Scriptures proclaimed to be free to all, a step never revoked, at least as it was in England, 559.-the Scots, to their honour, called New Testamenters, 569.-the Bible first printed in Scotland, 570.-the money furnished by the people before the Bibles were delivered, or even finished at press! 571.-the second Bible, id.-the supply from abroad truly remarkable, 572-574.-at what period the present version became universal, 575.

Sadler , Sir Ralph, his testimony to the reading of the Scriptures in Scotland, 524.

Saintgerman , Christopher, author of “the Pacifies” against Sir Thomas More, 208.

Sanderson , Dr. Thomas, one of the translators of our present version, ,480.

Saravia , Dr. Adrian, another of the translators, 477.

Satire , the severe poetical, on Wolsey, by oye, 113, 115.

Savile , Sir Henry, another of the translators, 479.

Schoeffer , Peter, an early printer of the Scriptures, Introd. xlix.-his son prints Tyndale’s first Testaments at Worms,42.

Scotland , brief notice of, in the 14th and 15th centuries, 489-492.-her commerce with Flanders favourable to their introduction, 497.-the first arrivals, 498.-in the same year as in England, 499.-authorities in fear, 501.-first martyr, 502-507.-Seton, Aless, and others escape, 510, 515.-other martyrs, 521. -England and Scotland then equally opposed to the Scriptures, 534.-reading them in Scotland in 1536 prohibited by open proclamation, 540.-bitter persecution, 543-546.-yet the Scriptures had been read in secret and for sixteen years, 550, 562.-state of Edinburgh when this favour was allowed to all, 558-560.-thus Scotland, at the moment, had advanced before England, 560, 561.-Sir Ralph Sadler then gives the proof, 562. -and in process of time, nearly twenty years after, John Knox comes forward with evidence, 564.-Bible first printed in Scotland, 571.-the second, id.-the supply of Scriptures imported from time to time very memorable, 572.-the era when the present version came into general usage, 575.-hostility to the Scriptures by James II. strikingly evinced before that event, 578-581.

Secret search , and at one time, for books, in London, in Oxford, and Cambridge, 22, 53-62.

Seton , Alexander, persecuted by Beaton, but escapes, 509-511.

Smith , Dr. Miles, one of King James’s translators, 479, 483.

Spalding , Dr. Robert, another of the translators, 478.

Spencer , Dr. John, another of the translators, 480.

Stokesly , Bishop of London, hand in hand with Sir Thomas More, 160, 168, 179.-opposed to Latimer, 181.-resists Cranmer most resolutely as to the Scriptures, 241.-in the Convocation he is incensed with Alexander Aless, 255.-though when Tyndale’s Bible arrived, he must be silent, 303.-yet he persecutes again, 309.

Strype , his, testimony to the joy with which the Scriptures were received, 323. “ Supplication of Beggars ,” 52. “ Supplication of the poor Commons ” before Henry’s death, 399-401.

Surrey , Earl of, his undeserved death, 402.

Symson , Cuthbert, a memorable martyr in London, 425.

Taverner , Richard, an eleve of Crumwell, his editions of the English Bible, 56-7, 342.

Testament, the English New, the first, 29-37.-the second, 39-41.-the third, 75-80.-part of the first two burnt in London, 65.-and abroad in Antwerp, 79.-the fourth edition, 92.-the fifth, 135.-singular importations, 91.-the first New Testament printed on English ground, 278.-the first divided into verses was printed in Geneva, in the reign of Mary, 447, 450.

Tewkesbury , John, examined and abjures, 120.-confesses and is martyred, 168.

Theobald , the confidential agent of Cranmer and Crumwell: he informs both of Tyndale being in prison, 234, 235.-the second visit of Theobald to the Continent after Tyndale’s martyrdom, 262.-he describes the misery of Philips, one of the betrayers, 274.

Thomson , Richard, one of the translators of our present version, 478.

Tighe Dr. Robert, another of the translators, 478.

Tomson , Dr. Giles, another of the translators, 479.

Tunstal , Cuthbert, Bishop of London; Tyndale’s significant interview with him before going abroad, 20.-Tunstal was not in England when the first New Testaments arrived, 49.-his injunction denouncing them after his return from Spain,72.-he entangles Bilney, 90.-cross-cxamining and persecuting the readers of Scripture, 100-107.-busy at Antwerp in buying up English New Testaments, 122.-burning them at Paul’s Cross, 144. - Tunstal feignedly sanctions the Bible, 362, 364.

Tybal , John, an early reader of the New Testament, 104.

Tyndale -his proper contemporaries, 2, 3. -born in Gloucestershire, 5.-his family ancestors, 6-8.-his education at Oxford and Cambridge, 10, ll.-had been expounding Scripture at both Universities, 12.-returns to his native county, 12.-tutor in Little Sodbury Manor, 13-19.-discussions at the dinner-table,16.-Tyndale now translating the “Christian Soldier’s Manual,” by Erasmus, but resolves to translate the Scriptures into English, 16, 17.-he is summoned before his Chancellor, 17.-his defiance of the pontiff, and firm resolve as to translation, 19.-leaves Sodbury for London, 20.-his abode there in Munmouth’s house, and after his significant interview with Tunstal, the future enemy,21.-all England hostile to the fixed design of Tyndale, 21-23.-he embarks for Hamburg, 24.-there, he is already at the press, 27, 28.- proceeds to Cologne, 30.-basely interrupted by Cochlaeus, 31-35.-his actual commencement at the press, 36.-proceeds to Worms, with his printed sheets, 37.-his first two New Testaments, 31-45.-his first language in print to the people of God in England, 46.-the first arrivals of the New Testament in England, 49-60.-the first in Scotland, 497.-Roye, an amanuensis, soon dismissed, 83.-Tyndale’s “Parable of the Wicked Mammon,” 84-86.-his “Obedience of a Christian Man,” 85.-it is read in the King’s palace, 124.-marked out for persecution, 110.-Wolsey’s pursuit after him, vain, lll-ll7.-Coverdale sent to Hamburg to sound Tyndale, 135.-their first anal last interview, and its real intent, id.-the Pentateuch by Tyndale published, 137.-his “Practice of Prelates,” id.-the King and Crumwell’s pursuit after him, 148-155.-his Answer to Sir Thomas More, 155-158.-the scholarship of Tyndale, 10, 220.-his address to England in the prologue to Jonah, 158.-he is again pursued, at the King’s request, by Sir T. Elyot, 379. -his first letter to Fryth, now in the Tower of London, 190.-writing in his aid, and against Sir T. More, 191, 195. -one distinguishing feature in Tyndale’s character and conduct, 192.-his second letter to Fryth, 196.-the interference of George Joye explained, 217- 220.-corrected edition of the New Testament, 218.-the latest printed words, while yet the translator was at liberty, 221.-the apprehension of Tyndale at last 231.-his two hired betrayers, 232-239, 274-276.-Cranmer and Crumwell fully apprised, but they take not one step for his relief, 234, 236, 265.-Tyndale in prison at Vilvorde, 239.-his martyrdom there, 268.-his New Testament, in folio, printing in London, and by the King’s printer, about the same moment! 278.-being the first printed upon English ground, 279.-Tyndale’s character, 269.-his reward, 270.-his Bible entire, arrives in London next year, or about ten months after his death at the stake, 294-298.-it is immediately sanctioned, the King and his council being alike overruled to accept of it, 301-305. -the second edition printing in Paris, a signal second triumph, 313-317.-but his translation, as such, again denounced, 378, 398.-though it was actually now in wide circulation, under the names of Matthew, Cranmer, Taver-ner, and even Tunstal, 379.-fifty-six editions of his New Testament ascertained, and about fourteen issues of the Bible entire. See the Index List.

Tyndale , John, a brother of William, persecuted for assisting his brother, 161.

Underhill , a gentleman-usher of Queen Mary, who built up his books, to preserve them till better days, 445.

Vaughan , Stephen, the English ambassador to Brabant, 150.-searching for Tyndale, 151.-alludes to some other person out in pursuit, id.-singular interview between Tyndale and Vaughan, but not until it was offered by the former, 152.-Crumwell rates the ambassador for being too favourable to the translator, 154.-the second interview with Tyndale, id.-V aughan’s bold remonstrance, as to the procedure of Crumwell, the King, and Sir Thomas More, or the extreme folly of persecution, and of Tyndale in particular, 169-172. yet on his recall in 1536, (perhaps afraid to speak out once more,) he leaves our Translator in prison, 265.

Venice -distinguished for early nd beautiful printing, Introd. 54.

Voltaire , leader of the confederacy against Divine truth, 595.

Vulgate or Latin Bible , translated into English by Wickliffe, Introd. xxxix. why it had the precedence of the original Hebrew and Greek, id.

Waldenses , their spirited exertions were the special occasion of the earliest interdiction of the reading of Scripture, Introd. 31. 37.

Waldenses or Vaudois , no connection between them and Wickliffe proved, Introd. 37.

Walsh , Sir John; Tyndale tutor to his children,14.-under his roof he first resolved to translate the Scriptures into English, 17.-the manor-house still standing, 13, 15, 18.

Walsingham , patron to Christopher Barker, the patentee, 467.

Warham of Canterbury , his anxious letter about Oxford to the Cardinal, 67.-his mandate to deliver up the New Testament, 72.-the first man who was busily engaged in buying up Tyndale’s New Testament for destruction, 88.-at a cost of nearly a thousand pounds of our present money, 89.-but the other bishops aided him, id.

West, Friar, Wolsey’s agent in pursuit after Tyndale, 114-117.

Whitchurch , Edward, the printer; see his partner Grafton, 294, 360.

Whittingham , William, his family, 448.-leaves England, 449.-at Frankfort, id. -retired to Geneva, and the happy consequences, 450.-he there revises the English New Testament, and publishes it, with a preface by his brotherin- law, John Calvin` id.-he, with Gilby and Sampson, revise and edit the English Bible entire, the Exile English Church at Geneva bearing the whole cost, 454.

Wickliffe , John, his translation of the Scriptures, Introd. 35-45.

Williams , Roger, the founder and Legislator of Rhode Island, 590.

Wishart , George, his martyrdom, Beaton’s own act, 566.

Wolsey , Thomas, the Cardinal, Lord Chancellor, &c., his artful project to exclude the knowledge of Divine truth,22.-he is greatly alarmed, 53.-his secret search for books, and at one time, in London, Oxford, and Cambridge, 53-60.-in great pomp burning them at St. Paul’s, and Fisher preaching,65..-he is eager to seize Tyndale, 109-116.-but in vain, 123- 125.-the Cardinal’s career, 218-220.

Works of Tyndale; his New Testament, 31-45.-Pentateuch, 137.-exposition of 1 John, 158.-Jonah, with a prologue, 159.-our Lord’s sermon on the mount, 173.-his Bible by Rogers, under the name of Matthew, 294.-“ Parable of the Wicked Mammon,” 84-86.-“ Obedience of a Christian Man,” 85, (for a translation of this, in MS., even into Italian, by S. Roccatagliata, anno 1559, see Casley’s Cat. 14. A. 6., British Museum.)-“Practice of Prelates,” 137. -answer to Sir Thomas More, 155- 158.

Worms , where Luther appeared before the Emperor, and from whence he retired to translate the New Testament-the same place where Tyndale stood-within five years after him, and completed at press his first two editions of the English New Testament, 37-42.

Wriothesly advising the murder of Bea-ton, 392.-examining Anne Askew by torture, 393.-in disgrace, 402.

Zuingle , the contemporary of Tyndale, 2, 3.

Zuphten , a martyr at Mehldorf, near Hamburg, 27.

THE ENGLISH BIBLE.

THOUGH far from being insensible to the charms of Biblical Criticism, far from wishing, in the slightest degree, to depreciate the subject of Various Readings, either in the several revisions of our English Bible down to our present Version, or in the Manuscripts since examined; but, on the contrary, urging every student to their careful observation; still, at the close of such a work as the present, the consequence of minute attention to both these departments ought to be known to all.

With regard to verbal differences, for they are nothing more, in our English Bible, from Tyndale downwards, these are to be found noted in the Bible published by Wilson, the Bishop of Sodor and Man, in 3 vols. quarto, 1785. But by far the best survey of the New Testament has but recently commenced, in a work of which the first volume only has yet appeared. It is rather quaintly entitled-“A Supplement to the Authorised English Version of the New Testament,” &c., by the Rev. F. H. Scrivener, M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge. It is intended to form a critical illustration of all the early English Versions, the present volume reaching to the end of Matthew. In the interesting and valuable Introduction, after stating that “a formal critique of our present Version it is not his province to attempt,” the author adds-“It is enough if I have afforded to others the means of forming a more exact estimate of its worth, than can be gathered from the vague encomiums of our popular writers. Yet I should be acting wrongfully both to my theme and to myself, were I to suppress the conviction which the devotion of several years to this employment has fixed on my mind: that if faithfulness and perspicuity; if energy of tone, and simplicity of language, be the true tests of merit in a translation of Holy Scripture, our authorised Bible is in no wise inferior to the most excellent of the other versions with which I am acquainted.”

HEBREW AND GREEK ORIGINAL SCRIPTURES.

IT has been not unusual for some men, deeply read in these tongues, to dwell upon the great progress that has been made in Scholarship since the days of our early Translators, and to depreciate their acquirements, though simply because of their not being in possession of those ample means that are now enjoyed for translating the Scriptures from the original. These languages, they have said, have been much more cultivated, and far better understood since the year 1600. The great acquisitions in literature, in respect not only of languages, but also of antiquities and criticism; as well as the varieties discovered in the Manuscripts of the original text, since our present translation was made, have all been reiterated; and that sometimes by men who have ventured on the attempt of only a single book, or a part of the Bible, in English.

The welcome, and very singular result, therefore, up to this hour, of many years of laborious attention paid to all the existing Manuscripts of the Scriptures, both in Hebrew and Greek, must not be withheld here even from the general reader, as it is so well fitted to send him with double relish to his English Bible.

Modern scholars tell us float “the manhood of criticism” began with MILL’ S edition of the Greek New Testament, in folio, 1707. It was finished only fourteen days before his death, after thirty years of incessant application, and contains thirty thousand various readings! Happily, then lived “the greatest of English critics in this, or possibly any other age,” RICHARD BENTLEY, who carefully dwelt on the result. Profoundly acquainted, and almost literally, with every word in the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriae Scriptures, though he did not succeed in publishing his intended edition of the Greek New Testament, he again and again gave to the world the fruit of all his own experience as far as he had gone. On one occasion, it was in these expressive terms:- “The 30,000 various lections, then, are allowed and confessed; and if more copies yet are collected, the sum will still mount higher. It is good, therefore, to have more anchors than one; and another Manuscript would give more authority, as well as security. It is a good providence, and a great blessing, that so many Manuscripts of the New Testament are still among us; some procured from Egypt, others from Asia, others found in the Western Churches. For the very distance of the places, as well as numbers of the books, demonstrate, that there could be no collusion, no altering, or interpolating one copy by another, nor all by any of them. Not frighted, therefore, with the 30,000, I, for my part, and, as I believe, many others, would not lament, if out of the old Manuscripts yet untouched, 10,000 more were faithfully collected; some of which, without question, would render the text more beautiful, just, and exact: though of no consequence to the main of Religion; nay, perhaps wholly synonymous in the view of common readers, and quite insensible in any modern version.” Since the days of Bentley, however, far greater progress has been made, and still ampler opportunities for examination have been enjoyed; and what, then, is the deliberate judgment at which our most distinguished Scholars have now arrived? The conclusion of the whole matter, we prefer, on several accounts, to give in the language of an Author recently presented to the public. “We may well inquire,” says he, “what has been the result of this laborious and acute research,-of this toilsome collation of Manuscripts of every age, of the many theories for classifying critical documents; in fine, of all the years which able and learned men have dedicated to the zealous task of amending and perfecting the Sacred Book? Why, truly, if we exclude the great and important conclusions which we have at present in view, the result is so trifling, that we should say there had been much unthrifty squandering of time and talents thereupon. Not, indeed, that there has been lack of abundant differences of readings; on the contrary, the number is overpowering.MILL’ S first effort produced 30,000, and the number may be said daily to increase. But in all this mass, although every attainable source has been exhausted; although the Fathers of every age have been gleaned for their readings; although the versions of every nation, Arabic, Syrian, Coptic, Armenian, and Ethiopian, have been ransacked for their renderings; although Manuscripts of every age, from the sixteenth upwards to the third, and of every country, have been again and again visited to rifle them of their treasures; although, having exhausted the stores of the West, critics have travelled, like naturalists, into distant lands, to discover new specimens,-have visited, likeSCHOLZ, orSEBASTIANI, the recesses of Mount Athos, or the unexplored libraries of the Egyptian and Syrian deserts-yet has nothing been discovered-no, not one single varios reading which can throw doubt upon any passage before considered certain or decisive in favour of any important doctrine. These various readings, almost without an exception, leave untouched the essential parts of any sentence, and only interfere with points of secondary importance, the insertion or omission of an article, or conjunction, or the forms rather than the substance of words. “This result is precisely the same as has been obtained from the critical study of the Old Testament.-But once more returning to the New, and the critical attention paid to its text, the advantages which this has procured to us are far from stopping at the assurance, that nothing has been yet discovered which should shake our belief in the purity of our Sacred books. This advantage was but the first step gained by it, in the earliest labours ofMILL and WETSTEIN.GRIESBACH, with whose name I closed my list, went much farther; he gave us, in addition, a security for the future-and this important step has received important modifications, all tending to simplify it farther. “Thus, may we say, that critical science has not only overthrown every objection drawn from documents already in our possession, but has given us full security against any that may be yet discovered; and has, at the same time, placed in our hands simple and easy rules for deciding complicated points of difference. And these results will be still more within our reach, when a new edition (the Codex Vaticanus), now preparing, shall have appeared, in which only select readings, examined with great care, and given with great accuracy, shall have been completed.”

How memorable and confirmatory is this beautiful summing up of evidence from the lips of such a man! And yet why should we, by the same pen, be so painfully reminded of the ancient Bishop of Durham,RICHARD DE BURY, as far back as the fourteenth century, of whom an old Annalist has said, that “he is somewhat to be remembered for example to others;” but who, while lamenting the total ignorance of the Greek language among his brethren, yet scrupled not to affirm-“Laici omnium librorum communione indigni sunt,”-regarding the laity as unworthy to be admitted to any commerce with books. To his select audience in London, it is true, and we are to presume in Rome also, our Lecturer concludes by presenting the following testimony:- “The study of God’s Word, and the meditation upon its truths, surely forms our noblest occupation But when that study is conducted upon severe principles, and with the aid of deep research, it will be found to combine the intellectual enjoyment of the mathematician, with the rapture of the poet, and ever to open new sources of edification and delight.”