35.  Now the author I have quoted could have exemplified these three directions, as laid down by himself, in regard to legal questions:  he could not, however, have done so in regard to ecclesiastical questions,—the only ones that an address such as I wish to give shape to is concerned with.  For of legal questions those are called small which have reference to pecuniary transactions; those great where a matter relating to man’s life or liberty comes up.  Cases, again, which have to do with neither of these, and where the intention is not to get the hearer to do, or to pronounce judgment upon anything, but only to give him pleasure, occupy as it were a middle place between the former two, and are on that account called middling, or moderate.  For moderate things get their name from modus (a measure); and it is an abuse, not a proper use of the word moderate, to put it for little.  In questions like ours, however, where all things, and especially those addressed to the people from the place of authority, ought to have reference to men’s salvation, and that not their temporal but their eternal salvation, and where also the thing to be guarded against is eternal ruin, everything that we say is important; so much so, that even what the preacher says about pecuniary matters, whether it have reference to loss or gain, whether the amount be great or small, should not seem unimportant.  For justice is never unimportant, and justice ought assuredly to be observed, even in small affairs of money, as our Lord says:  “He that is faithful in that which is least, is faithful also in much.”¹⁹⁷²

1972 Luke xvi. 10.

36.  And when the apostle spoke about trials in regard to secular affairs (and what were these but matters of money?), he says:  “Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?  Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall be judged by you, are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters?  Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life?  If, then, ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set them to judge who are least esteemed in the Church.  I speak to your shame.  Is it so, that there is not a wise man among you? no, not one that shall be able to judge between his brethren?  But brother goeth to law with brother, and that before the unbelievers.  Now therefore there is utterly a fault among you, because ye go to law one with another:  why do ye not rather take wrong? why do ye not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded?  Nay, ye do wrong, and defraud, and that your brethren.  Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God?”¹⁹⁷³

1973 1 Cor. vi. 1–9.

37.  Of course, if we were giving men ad vice as to how they ought to conduct secular cases, either for themselves or for their connections, before the church courts, we would rightly advise them to conduct them quietly as matters of little moment.  But we are treating of the manner of speech of the man who is to be a teacher of the truths which deliver us from eternal misery and bring us to eternal happiness; and wherever these truths are spoken of, whether in public or private, whether to one or many, whether to friends or enemies, whether in a continuous discourse or in conversation, whether in tracts, or in books, or in letters long or short, they are of great importance.  Unless indeed we are prepared to say that, because a cup of cold water is a very trifling and common thing, the saying of our Lord that he who gives a cup of cold water to one of His disciples shall in no wise lose his reward,¹⁹⁷⁴

1974 Matt. x. 42.

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