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| Demolition of the Idolatrous Temples at Alexandria, and the Consequent Conflict between the Pagans and Christians.
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Chapter
XVI.—Demolition of the Idolatrous Temples at
Alexandria, and the Consequent Conflict between the Pagans and
Christians.
At the solicitation of
Theophilus bishop of Alexandria the emperor issued an order at this
time for the demolition of the heathen temples in that city; commanding
also that it should be put in execution under the direction of
Theophilus. Seizing this opportunity, Theophilus exerted himself to the
utmost to expose the pagan mysteries to contempt. And to begin with, he
caused the Mithreum738
to be cleaned out, and exhibited to public view the tokens of its
bloody mysteries. Then he destroyed the Serapeum, and the bloody rights
of the Mithreum he publicly caricatured; the Serapeum also he showed
full of extravagant superstitions, and he had the phalli of Priapus
carried through the midst of the forum. The pagans of Alexandria, and
especially the professors of philosophy, were unable to repress their
rage at this exposure, and exceeded in revengeful ferocity their
outrages on a former occasion: for with one accord, at a preconcerted
signal, they rushed impetuously upon the Christians, and murdered every
one they could lay hands on. The Christians also made an attempt to
resist the assailants, and so the mischief was the more augmented. This
desperate affray was prolonged until satiety of bloodshed put an end to
it. Then it was discovered that very few of the heathens had been
killed, but a great number of Christians; while the number of wounded
on each side was almost innumerable. Fear then possessed the pagans on
account of what was done, as they considered the emperor’s
displeasure. For having done what seemed good in their own eyes, and by
their bloodshed having quenched their courage, some fled in one
direction, some in another, and many quitting Alexandria, dispersed
themselves in various cities. Among these were the two grammarians
Helladius and Ammonius, whose pupil I was in my youth at
Constantinople.739
Helladius was said to be the priest of Jupiter, and Ammonius of
Simius.740
| 740πιθήκου, ‘the
ape-god.’
|
Thus this disturbance having been terminated, the governor of
Alexandria, and the commander-in-chief of the troops in Egypt, assisted
Theophilus in demolishing the heathen temples. These were therefore
razed to the ground, and the images of their gods molten into pots and
other convenient utensils for the use of the Alexandrian church; for
the emperor had instructed Theophilus to distribute them for the relief
of the poor. All the images were accordingly broken to pieces, except
one statue of the god before mentioned, which Theophilus preserved and
set up in a public place; ‘Lest,’ said he, ‘at a
future time the heathens should deny that they had ever worshiped such
gods.’ This action gave great umbrage to Ammonius the grammarian
in particular, who to my knowledge was accustomed to say that
‘the religion of the Gentiles was grossly abused in that that
single statue was not also molten, but preserved, in order to render
that religion ridiculous.’ Helladius however boasted in the
presence of some that he had slain in that desperate onset nine men
with his own hand. Such were the doings at Alexandria at that time.
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