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| Chapter XV. Of liberality. To whom it must chiefly be shown, and how men of slender means may show it by giving their service and counsel.
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Chapter XV.
Of liberality. To whom it must chiefly be shown,
and how men of slender means may show it by giving their service and
counsel.
68. But if it is
praiseworthy to have one’s soul free from this failing, how much
more glorious is it to gain the love of the people by liberality which
is neither too freely shown to those who are unsuitable, nor too
sparingly bestowed upon the needy.
69. There are many kinds of
liberality.479
| 479 Cic. de
Off. II. 9, § 32. | Not only
can we distribute and give away food to those who need it from our own
daily supply, so that they may sustain life; but we can also give
advice and help to those who are ashamed to show their want openly, so
long as the common supplies of the needy are not exhausted. I am
now speaking of one set over some office. If he is a priest or
almoner, let him inform the bishop of them, and not withhold the name
of any he knows to be in any need, or to have lost their wealth and to
be now reduced to want; especially if they have not fallen into this
trouble owing to wastefulness in youth, but because of another’s
theft, or through loss of their inheritance from no fault of their own,
so that they cannot now earn their daily bread.
70. The highest kind of liberality is, to
redeem captives, to save them from the hands of their enemies, to
snatch men from death, and, most of all, women from shame, to restore
children to their parents, parents to their children, and, to give back
a citizen to his country. This was recognized when Thrace and
Illyria were so terribly devastated.480
| 480 This was in the year
378. These provinces were invaded by the Goths, who after the
defeat and death of Valens at Hadrianople ravaged the whole country,
and carried away with them a vast number of captives and afterwards
sold them into slavery. St. Ambrose busied himself in redeeming
all he could. He tells us himself how his efforts were met by the
Arian party. | How
many captives were then for sale all over the world! Could one
but call them together, their number would have surpassed that of a
whole province. Yet there were some who would have sent back into
slavery those whom the Church had redeemed. They themselves were
harder than slavery itself to look askance at another’s
mercy. If they themselves (they said) had come to slavery, they
would be slaves freely. If they had been sold, they would not
refuse the service of slavery. They wished to undo the freedom of
others, though they could not undo their own slavery, unless perchance
it should please the buyer to receive his price again, whereby,
however, slavery would not be simply undone but redeemed.
71. It is then a special quality of
liberality to redeem captives,481
especially from
barbarian enemies who are moved by no spark of human feeling to show
mercy, except so far as avarice has preserved it with a view to
redemption. It is also a great thing to take upon oneself
another’s debt, if the debtor cannot pay and is hard pressed to
do so, and where the money is due by right and is only left unpaid
through want. So, too, it is a sign of great liberality to bring
up children, and to take care of orphans.
72. There are others who place in marriage
maidens that have lost their parents, so as to preserve their chastity,
and who help them not only with good wishes but also by a sum of
money. There is also another kind of liberality which the Apostle
teaches: “If any that believeth hath widows let him relieve
them, that the Church be not burdened by supplying them, that it may
have enough for those that are widows indeed.”482
73. Useful, then, is liberality of this
sort; but it is not common to all. For there are many good men
who have but slender means, and are content with little for their own
use, and are not able to give help to lighten the poverty of
others. However, another sort of kindness is ready to their hand,
whereby they can help those poorer still. For there is a twofold
liberality:483
| 483 Cic. de
Off. II. 15, § 52. | one that
gives actual assistance, that is, in money; the other, which is busy in
offering active help, is often much grander and nobler.
74. How much grander it was for Abraham to
have recovered his captured son-in-law by his victorious arms,484
than if he had ransomed him! How
much more usefully did holy Joseph help King Pharaoh by his counsel to
provide for the future, than if he had offered him money! For
money would not have bought back the fruitfulness of any
one state; whilst he by his
foresight kept the famine for five years485
from the whole of Egypt.
75. Money is easily spent; counsels can never be
exhausted. They only grow the stronger by constant use.
Money grows less and quickly comes to an end, and has failed even
kindness itself; so that the more there are to whom one wants to give,
the fewer one can help; and often one has not got what one thinks ought
to be given to others. But as regards the offer of advice and
active help, the more there are to spend it on, the more there seems to
be, and the more it returns to its own source. The rich stream of
prudence ever flows back upon itself, and the more it has reached out
to, so much the more active becomes all that remains. E.C.F. INDEX & SEARCH
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