CHAPTER XI

1. A rod. See on ch. ii. 27.

And the angel stood. Omit. The insertion of these words furnishes a subject for the agreement of the participle legwn, which is irregular an construction. Literally the correct text reads, "there was given me a reed, saying.". Accordingly Wordsworth refers the speech to the reed as an inspired medium of speech. Rev., better, and one said.

The temple (ton naon). See on Matt. iv. 5.

The altar. Of incense, as that alone stood in the sacred place. Them that worship. Note the peculiar expressed, measuring the worshippers with a reed.

2. The court which is without the temple. Not merely the outer court, or Court of the Gentiles, but including all that is not within the naov, the Holy and Most Holy places.

Leave out (ekbale exw). Lit., throw out, i.e., of the measurement. Unto the Gentiles (toiv eqnesin). See on Luke ii. 32. Rev., nations. Forty and two months. A period which appears in three forms in Revelation: forty-two months (ch. xiii. 5); twelve hundred and sixty days (ver. 3, ch. xii. 6); a time, times and half a time, or three years and a half (12, 14, compare Dan. vii. 25; xii. 7)

3. Power. Omit.

Two witnesses. The reader may profitably consult on this point the lectures of Professor Milligan on the Revelation of St. John. He maintains that the conception of the Apocalypse is powerfully molded by John's recollections of the life of Jesus; that there is a close parallelism between the Apocalypse and the delineation of the life of Christ contained in the fourth Gospel; and that the Apocalypse is, in the deeper conceptions which pervade it, a repetition of the Gospel. See pp. 59-69.

They shall prophesy (profhteusousin). See on prophet, Luke vii. 26. Commonly explained of preaching repentance, though some take it in the later sense of foretelling future events.

Clothed in sackcloth. The garb of preachers of repentance. Compare Isa. xxii. 12; Jer. iv. 8; Jon. iii. 5; Matt. iii. 4. For sackcloth see on Luke x. 13.

4. Two olive trees. See Zechariah 4.

Candlesticks. See Zechariah 4, and note on Matt. x. 15.

The God. Read kuriou the Lord. Compare Zech. iv. 14.

5. Fire proceedeth. Compare 2 Kings i. 10; Jer. v. 14.

6. To shut up the heaven. As Elijah, 1 Kings xvii. 1; Luke iv. 25; James v. 17.

That it rain not (ina mh brech uetov). Lit., that the rain may not wet. To turn them into blood. Compare Exod. vii. 19.

To smite (pataxai). Used by John only in Revelation, here and xix. 15. Compare Matt. xxvi. 31; Mark xiv. 27; Luke xxii. 49, 50; Acts xii. 7, 23. With all plagues (pash plhgh). Singular number. Rev., correctly, with every plague. See on Mark iii. 10. Not merely with the plagues with which Moses smote Egypt.

7. The beast (qhrion). Wild beast See on ch. iv. 6. A different word from that wrongly translated beast, ch. iv. 6, 7; v. 6, etc. Compare ch. xiii. 1; xvii. 8, and see Daniel 7.

Bottomless pit (abussou). See on ch. ix. 1.

8. Dead bodies (ptwmata). Read ptwma carcass. See on Matt. xxiv. 28; Mark xv. 45.

In the street (epi thv plateiav). Lit., "Upon the street." See on Luke xiv. 21.

The great city. Jerusalem is never called by this name. Different expositors refer it to Rome or Babylon. Milligan to Jerusalem.

Spiritually (pneumatikwv). Typically or allegorically. (compare 1 Corinthians x. 3, 4.

Our Lord. Read aujtwn their for hJmwn our.

9. Shall see (bleyousin). Read, blepousin do men look (Rev.), and see on John i. 29.

Shall not suffer (ouk afhsousin). Read ajfiousin do not suffer. To be put in graves (teqhnai eiv mnhmata). Read mnhma a tomb, as Rev. Compare Gen. xxiii. 4; Isa. xiv. 19, 20.

10. Shall rejoice (carousin). Read cairousin, present tense, rejoice. Shall make merry ( eufranqhsontai). Read eujfrainontai, present tense, make merry; and for the word see note on fared sumptuously, Luke xvi. 19.

Shall send gifts. As on a day of festival. See Neh. viii. 10, 12. Tormented (ejbasanisan). See on vexed, 2 Pet. ii. 8, and on Matthew iv. 23, 24.

11. Spirit of life (pneuma zwhv). Rev., breath. See on John iii. 8.

Entered into them. Compare Ezek. xxxvii. 1-10.

Saw (qewrountav). See on John i. 18.

13. Earthquake. See on ch. vi. 12.

Of men (onomata anqrwpwn). Lit., names of men See on ch. iii. 4. Gave glory to the God of heaven. The phrase signifies not conversion, nor repentance, nor thanksgiving, but recognition, which is its usual sense in scripture. Compare Josh. vii. 19 (Sept.). John ix. 24; Acts xii. 23; Romans iv. 20.

15. The kingdoms - are become (egenonto ai basileiai). Read ejgeneto hJ basileia, the kingdom - is become.

Of our Lord, etc. Compare Psalm ii. 2-9.

17. O Lord God, etc. See on ch. iv. 8.

And art to come. Omit.

Hast taken to Thee. Omit to thee.

18. Were angry (orgisqhsan). See on wrath, John iii. 36 Compare Psalm ii. 1.

The time (o kairov). See on Matt. xii. 1.

Reward (misqon). See on 2 Pet. ii. 13.

Destroy (diafqeirai).Also to corrupt.

Which destroy (touv diafqeirontav). Or, the destroyers.

19. The temple (o naov).The sanctuary. Compare ver. 1 and see on Matt. iv. 5.

In heaven. Join with temple of God, as Rev., instead of with opened, as A.V.