BOOK 1,

CHAPTER - Caesar, Comment. de Bello Gallico, lib. 2., cap. 15 — 30. “Hoc praelio facto, et prope ad internecionem gente, ac nomine Nerviorum redacto,” are the words of the conqueror (lib. 2., cap. 28). Niebuhr, Lectures on Roman History, vol. 3., PD. 43, 44; Lond. and Edin, 1850. 2 Muller, Univ. Hist., vol. 2., bk. 14., sec. 13-18. 3 Stevens, Hist. of the Scot. Church, Rotterdam, pp. 259, 260; Edin., 1833. 4 Ibid., p. 260. 5 See “Historical Introduction” to Rise of the Dutch Republic by John Lothrop Motley; Edin. and Lond., 1859. 6 Muller, Univ. Hist., vol. 2., p. 230. 7 Relationi del Cardinal Bentivoglio, in Pareigi, 1631; lib. 1., cap. 7, p. 32. 8 Misson, Travels, vol. 1., p. 4. 9 Relat. Card. Bentiv., lib. 1., cap. 7, p. 32: “Che sia non solo in Europa, ma in tutto il mondo.” 10 The Papal nuncio, Bentivoglio, willingly acknowledges their great physical and mental qualities, and praises them alike for their skill in arts and their bravery in war. “Gli huomini, che produce il paese, sono ordinariamente di grande statura; di bello, e candido aspetto, e di corpo vigorose, e robusto. Hanno gli animi non men vigorosi de’ corpi; e cio s’ e veduto in quella si lunga, e si pertinace resistenza, che da loro s’ e fatta all’ armi Spagnuole ,” etc. (Relat. Card. Bentiv., lib. 1., cap. 3, pp. 4, 5)

CHAPTER - Brandt, History of the Reformation in the Low Countries, vol. 1., p. 14; Lond., 1720. 2 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 14. 3 Ibid. 4 Gerdesius, Hist. Evan. Ren., tom. 3., p. 3; Groning.,1749. 5 Gerdesius, tom. 3., p. 3. 6 “If Lyra had not piped, Luther had not danced.” 7 Brandt, bk. 1., passim. 8 Ibid., vol. 1., p. 17. 9 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 19. 10 Sleidan, bk. 16., p. 342; Lond., 1689. 11 Grot., Annal., lib. 1., 17; Amsterdam, 1658. Watson, Philip II , vol. 1., p. 113. 12 Sleidan, bk. 16., p. 343. 13 See ante, vol. 1., bk. 9., chap. 3, p. 490.

CHAPTER - Gerdesius, tom. 3., pp. 23 — 25. 2 “Totum peccatum tolerans et tollens.” (Gerdesius, tom. 3., Appendix, p. 18.) 3 Gerdesius, tom. 3., pp. 28 — 30. 4 See ante, vol. 1, bk. 9., chap. 6, p. 506. 5 “Dirutum est penitusque eversum.” (Gerdesius tom. 3., p. 29.) 6 See ante , vol. 1., bk. 9., chap. 3, p. 490. 7 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 45. 8 Gerdesius, tom. 3., p. 37. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 51. 9 Gerdesius, tom. 3., p. 39. 10 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 56. Gerdesius, tom. 3., p. 56. 11 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 57, 58. 12 Ibid. 13 See ante, vol. 1., bk. 9., chap. 8; and vol. 2., bk. 12., chap. 2. 14 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 79; Gerdesius, tom. 3., p, 143. 15 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 42. 16 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 52. 17 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 53.

CHAPTER - Badovaro MS., apud Motley, Rise of the Dutch Republic, pt. 1., chap. 1; Edin., 1859.

CHAPTER - Watson, Philip ll., vol. 1., p. 118, 2 Relat. Card. Bent., lib. 2., cap. 1, p. 45. 3 Motley,. Rise of the Dutch Republic, pt. 1., ch. 3, p. 110. 4 Bentivoglio. “Chegli voleva piu tosto restar senza regni che possedergli con heresia.” 5 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 132, 133.

CHAPTER - Bentivoglio. 2 Motley, Rise of the Dutch. Republic, vol. 1., p. 170; Edin., 1859. 3 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 108, 109. 4 Ibid ., vol. 1., p. 93. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 94. 6 Ibid., vol. 1., p. 93. 7 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 135.

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 138, 139. 2 Hooft, 2. 42 — apud Motley, 1. 178. Brandt, 1. 127,128. 3 Strada, bk. 4., p. 79; Lond., 1667. 4 Strada, bk. 4., p. 80. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 142. 6 Brandt, vol. 1., 158. 7 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 158, 159.

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol. 1., p. 149. 2 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 150. 3 Strada, p. 183 — apud Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 150, 151. Laval, vol. 3, p. 134. 4 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 154. Laval, vol. 3., p. 134. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 158. 6 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 154, 155. Laval, vol. 3., pp. 136, 137. 7 Sleidan, Continuation, bk. 2., p. 27. 8 Discours des Conjurations de ceux de la Maison de Guise, contre le Roy, son Royaume, les Princes de son Sang, et ses Etats; printed in 1565, and republished at Ratisbon in 1712, among the proofs of Satyre Menipee, tom. 3.

CHAPTER - So Brandt affirms, on the authority of a MS. Journal in Junius’s own handwriting (vol. 1., p. 162). 2 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 163. 3 Watson; Philip II., vol. 1., pp. 255, 256. 4 Motley, vol. 1., p. 224. Laval, vol. 3., p. 138. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 165. 6 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 165, 7 Pontus Peyen, 2., MS. — apud Motley, vol. 1., p. 254. 8 Gueux. It is a French word, “and seems to be derived,” says Brandt,” from the Dutch Guits, which signifies as much as rogues, vagabonds, or sturdy beggars.” 9 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 167. Laval, vol. 3., p. 139. 10 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 168,169.

CHAPTER - Laval, vol. 3., p. 140. 2 Ibid., p. 171. 3 N. Burgund, Hist. Belg., lib. 3., p. 213 — apud Brandt, vol. 1., p. 171. 4 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 172. 5 Ibid., p. 173. 6 Ibid., p.174. 7 Brandt, vol. 1, pp. 178, 179. 8 Memoirs of Laurence Jacobson Real, an eye-witness — apud Brandi, vol. 1., pp. 179 — 181. 9 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 183.

CHAPTER - Strada, lib. 5. 2 Grotius, Annales, lib. 1., p. 22 — apud Brandt, vol. 1., p. 191. 3 Hooft, lib. 3., p. 99. Strada, lib. 5., p. 260. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 191. 4 Strada, lib. 5. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Strada, lib. 5. 8 Strada, lib. 9 Hooft, Strada, etc. — apud Brandt, vol. 1., p. 192. 10 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 192. 11 Strada, p. 254 — apud Brandt, vol. 1., p. 193. 12 Ibid., lib. 5. 13 Ibid., pp. 255, 269 — apud Brandt, vol. 1., p. 193. 14 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 194. 15 Ibid., p. 258. 16 Brandt, vol.1., p.196. 17 Ibid., p. 197. 18 Motley, 1., 282. 19 Hooft, lib. 3. — apud Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 199, 200.

CHAPTER - Grotins, Annales, lib. 1., p. 23. Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 204, 205. 2 Hooft, p. 111. Strada, p. 268. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 206. 3 Letter of Morillon to Granvelle, 29th September, 1566, in Gachard, Annal. Belg., 254 — apud Motley, vol. 1., p. 284. 4 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 249. 5 Valenciennes MS. (Roman Catholic), quoted by Motley, vol. 1., p. 325. 6 Laval, vol. 3., p. 143. 7 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 250, 251. 8 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 251. Pontus Peyen MS. — apud Motley, vol. 1., p. 325. 9 Gachard, Preface to William the Silent — apud Motley, vol. 1., p. 326. 10 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 251. 11 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 254.

CHAPTER - Strada, bk. 6., p. 286. 2 Meteren, vol. 2., f. 45. 3 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 257. 4 Strada. bk. 6., p. 29. 5 Badovaro MS. — apud Motley, vol. 1, p. 339. 6 Strada, bk. 6., p. 30. Le Clerq, Hist. des Provinces Unies des Pays Bas, tom. 1., livr. 2., p. 13; Amsterdam, 1723. 7 Strada 8 Bentivoglio, lib. 2., cap. 3, pp. 50, 51. Hooft, vol. 4., pp. 150, 151.

Brandt, vol. 1., p. 260. 9 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 260. 10 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 260. Meteren, lib. 3., p. 66. 11 Ibid., vol. 1., p. 261. 12 Le Clerq. Hist. des Provinces Unies, etc., tom. 1., livr. 2., p. 14. 13 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 261. 14 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 263. 15 Ibid., p. 266.

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol. 1., p. 267. 2 Bentivoglio, lib. 2., cap. 3, p. 52. Strada, lib. 7. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 267. 3 Strada, lib. 7. 4 Strada, lib. 7. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 267. 5 Strada, lib. 7. Watson, Philip II., vol. 1., pp. 329, 330.

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol., 1., pp. 269, 270. 2 Ibid . 3 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 271. 4 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 275. 5 Ibid. 6 Strada, lib. 7. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 276. 7 Brandt, vol. 1., p.

CHAPTER - “Ad patibulum, ad patibulum.” (Brandt) 2 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 280. 3 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 286, 287. 4 Strada, lib. 7. 5 Ibid . 6 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 295. 7 Watson, Philip II., vol. 1., pp. 426-431. 8 Strada, lib. 7. 9 Steven, Hist. Scottish Church, Rotterdam, p. 304. 10 Strada, lib. 7. 11 Bentivoglio, lib. 2., p. 54. 12 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 298. 13 Brandt, vol. 1., p.

CHAPTER - Bor, 6. 398, 399. Strada, 7. 75; Lond., 1667. 2 Strada, 7. 76. 3 Strada, 7. 77. 4 Bor, 6. 409 — 415. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., bk. 10., p. 298.

CHAPTER - Motley, vol. 2., p. 58. 2 Strada, 7. 74. 3 Strada, 7. 74. 4 Hooft, 7. 293. 5 Ibid. 6 Thaunus, tom. 3., p. 218. 7 Correspondance de Philippe II., 2. 1230. 8 “They revived,” says Strada,:.” the ancient invention of carrier pigeons.

For a while before they were blocked up they sent to the prince’s fleet, and to the nearest towns of their own party, some of these pigeons..By these winged posts the Prince of Orange encouraged the townsmen to hold out for the last three months; till one of them, tired with flying, lighted upon a tent, and being shot by a soldier, ignorant of the stratagem, the mystery of the letters was discovered.” (Bk, 7., p. 74,) 9 Strada, bk. 7., p. 74. 10 Bor, 6. 440. Hooft, 8. 312. Motley, vol. 2., p. 68. Watson, vol. 2., pp. 82, 83. 11 Hooft, 8. 313. 12 Correspondance de Philippe II., 2. 13 Brandt, vol. 1., p.303. Bor, 6. 441. Hooft, 8. 315, 316. Motley, vol. 2, p. 70. 14 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 304.

CHAPTER - Correspondance de Philippe II., 2. 1264. 2 Hooft, 8. 324. Bor, 6. 453. Watson, 2. 95, 96. 3 Thaunus, lib. 4., sec. 7. Meteren, p. 25. Watson, vol. 2., p. 99. 4 Hooft, lib. 8. 332. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 306. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 307, 308.

CHAPTER - Thaunus, lib. 4. Meteren, p. 133. 2 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 310. 3 Archives de la Maison d’Orangc, 5:27 — apud Motley, vol. 2., p. 122.

CHAPTER -NO FOOTNOTES

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 312, 2 Strada, bk. 8., p. 11. 3 Bor, lib, 8., pp. 648-650. Strada, bk. 8., pp. 11,12. 4 Strada, bk. 8., pp. 13, 14. 5 Bor, 9:728 — 732. Hooft, 11:460 — 465. Meteren, 6. 110. Strada, 8:21, 22. Brandt., 1:325. Motley, 2. 18.5 — 195.

CHAPTER - Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 213. 2 Watson, Philip II vol 2., p. 180. See also Letter to States of Brabant, in Bor, lib. 9., p. 3 Bor, lib. 9, pp. 738 — 741. Brandt, vol. 1, pp. 327, 328. Sir William Temple, United Provinces of the Netherlands, p.33; Edin., 1747. Watson, Philip II., vol. 2., pp.193-195

CHAPTER - Strada, bk.9., p. 32. 2 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 3 Bentivoglio, lib. 10., pp. 192 — 4 Bor, lib, 11., p. 916. 5 Watson, Philip II., vol. 2., p. 6 Bor, lib. 11., p. 900. Strada, bk. 9., p. 38. 7 Braudt, vol. 1., p. 8 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 334. 9 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 338. 10 Ibid., p. 11 Ibid., p. 339. 12 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 339 — 341. — Motley in his great history, The Rise of the Dutch Republic, when speaking of the intolerance and bigotry of the religious bodies of the Netherlands, specially emphasises the 13 Strada, bk. 10., p. 14 Of the transport of his body through France, and its presentation to Philip II. in the Escorial, Strada (bk. 10.) gives a minute but horrible account. “To avoid those vast expenses and ceremonious contentions of magistrates and priests at city gates, that usually waylay the progress of princes whether alive or dead, he caused him to be taken in pieces, and the bones of his arms, thighs, legs, breast, and head (the brains being taken out), with other the severed parts, filling three mails, were brought safely into Spain; where the bones being set again, with small wires, they easily rejointed all the body, which being filled with cotton, armed, and richly habited, they presented Don John entire to the king as if he stood only resting himself upon his commander’sstaff, looking as if he lived and breathed.” On presenting himself thus before Philip, the monarch was graciously pleased to permit Don John to retire to his grave, which he had wished might be beside that of his father, Charles V., in the Escorial.

CHAPTER - Bor, lib. 13., p. 65; Hooft, lib. 15., p. 2 See Articles of Union in full in Brandt; Sir W. Temple; Watson, Philip II.; Motley, Dutch RepubIic, etc. . 3 Temple, United Provinces, etc. ., chap. 1., p. 38. 4 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 366. 5 Bor, lib. 13., pp. 58, 59. Brandt, vol. 1., p. 6 Reidanus, ann. 2., 29. Gachard, Correspondance de Guillaume le Tacit, vol. 4., Preface. Bor, lib. 13., p. 95. 7 The Apology is given at nearly full length in Watson, Philip II., vol. 3., Appendix 8 Bor, lib. 15., pp. 181 — 9 Brandt, vol. 1., p.

CHAPTER - Bor, lib. 15., pp. 185, 2 Bor, lib. 17., pp. 297-301. Hooft, lib. 19., p. 3 Message of William to the States-General, MS. — apud Motley, vol. 2., p. 4 “Mon Dieu, ayez pitie de mon ame! mon Dieu, ayez pitie de ce pauvre peuple! “ 5 The original authority from which the historians Bor, Meteren, Hooft, and others have drawn their details of the assassination of William of Orange is the “Official Statement,” compiled by order of the States- General, of which there is a copy in the Royal Library at the Hague.

The basis of this “Statement” is the Confession of Balthazar Gerard, written by himself. There is a recent edition of this Confession, printed from an old MS. copy, and published by M. Gachard.

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 318, 2 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 321, 3 See “Reasons of prescribing these Ecclesiastical Laws” — Brandt, vol. 1., p. 322. 4 Abridgment of Brandt’s History, vol. 1., pp. 200 — 202. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 381, 382.

CHAPTER - Brandt, vol. 1., pp. 384 — 386. 2 Abridgment of Brandt’s History, vol. 1., p. 185. 3 Brandt, vol. 1, p. 342. 4 Abridgment of Brandt’s History, vol. 1., p. 196. 5 Brandt, vol. 1., p. 6 Ibid., p. 7 Abridgment of Brandt, vol. 1., p. 207.

CHAPTER. 1 Meteren, lib. 4., p. 434. 2 See Calv., Inst., lib. in., cap. 21, 22, etc. 3 Brandt (abridg.), vol. 1., bk. 18., p. 267. 4 Brandt — “A good conscience is Paradise,” 5 Brandt (abridg.), vol. 10., bk. 19., pp. 307, 308, 6 See ante, vol. 1., bk. 5., chap. 15. 7 Brandt (abridg), vol, 1., bk. 18, p. 8 Brandt (abridg.), vol. 2., bk. 23., p, 394. 9 Brandt (abridg.), vol. 2., bks. 23-28., pp. 397-504.

CHAPTER - Muller, Universal History, 3. P. 67. Sir Willam Temple, United Provinces, chap, 1., p. 48; Eidn., 1747. 2 Muller, 3. 68. 3 The United Provinces, chap. 1., p. 49. 4 Sir William Temple, chap. 7, p. 174. 5 Sir William Temple. Compare chap. 1., p. 59, with chap. 8., p. 179.

BOOK 2,

CHAPTER - Krasinski, History Reform. in Poland , vol. 1., p. 2; Lond.; 1838. 2 A remarkable man, the inventor of the Slavonic alphabet. 3 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 1., p. 61. 4 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 174. 5 Krasinski, S1avonia, p. 182; Lond., 1849. 6 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol 1., pp. 115, 116. 7 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 185. 8 Krasinski Hist. Reform. Poland, vol 1., pp. 138 — 140. 9 Constitutiones Synodorum — apud Krasinski. 10 Zalaszowski, Jus Publicum Regni Poloniae — Krasinski, Hist. Reform.

Poland, vol. 1., p. 157. 11 Vide Hosii Opera, Antverpise, 1571; and Stanislai Hosii Vita autore Rescio, Romae, 1587. Subscription to the above creed by the clergy was enjoined because many of the bishops were suspected of heresy — “ quod multi inter episcopos erant suspecti.” 12 Bzovius, ann. 13 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 1., pp. 186 — 188. 14 This nobleman was the descendant of that Wenceslaus of Leszna who defended John Huss at the Council of Krasinski, Hist. Constance. He had adopted for his motto, Malo pericuIosam Iibertatem quam tutum servitium- “Better the dangers of liberty than the safeguards of slavery.” 15 Vide Reform. Poland, vol. 1., pp. 188, 189, where the original Polish authorities are cited.

CHAPTER - Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., vol 3., p. 146. 2 Ibid. This is the date (1523) of their friendship as given by Gerdesius; it is doubtful, however, whether it began so early’. 3 “Is in iisdem cum Erasmo aedibus vixerat Basileae.” (Gerdesius, vol. 3., p. 146.) 4 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 1., p. 5 Alasco, Opp., vol. 2., p. 548 — apud D’Aubigne, 7:546. 6 Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., vol 3., p. 147. 7 Alasco, Opp., vol. 2., p. 558. 8 In 1540, Alasco had married at Mainz, to put an insurmountable barrier between himself and Rome. 9 Alasco, Opp., vol. 2., p. 560. 10 Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., vol. 3., p. 148. 11 Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., vol. 3., p. 150. 12 Strype, Cranmer, pp. 234 — 240. The young king granted him letters patent, erecting Alasco and the other ministers of the foreign congregations into a body corporate. The affairs of each congregation were managed by a minister, ruling elders and deacons. The oversight of all was committed to Alasco as superintendent. He had greater trouble but no more authority than the others, and was subject equally with them to the discipline of the, Church. Although he allowed no superiority of office or authority to superintendents, he considered that they were of Divine appointment, and that Peter held this rank among the apostles. (Vide McCrie, Life of Knox, vol. 1., p. 407, notes.) 13 Gerdesius, vol. 3., p. 151. Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol 1., pp. 264 — 266. 14 Vide Letter of Calvin to John Alasco — Bonnet, vol. 2., p. 432. 15 Gerdesius, vol. 3., p. 16 Krasinski, Slovenia, pp. 214, 215. 17 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 217; and Hist. Reform Poland, vol. 1., pp. 272, 18 Gerdesius, vol, 3., p. 151. 19 “Carnifex.” 20 Krasinski, Slavonia, pp. 217, 218. 21 Poland was divided politically into Great and Little Poland. The first comprehended the western parts, and being the original seat of the Polish power, was called Great Poland, although actually less than the second division, which comprehended the south-eastern provinces, and was styled Little Poland. 22 Gerdesius, vol. 3., p. 152. 23 Krasinski says that but scanty materials exist for illustrating the last four years of John Alasco’s life. This the count explains by the fact that his descendants returned into the bosom of the Roman Church after his death, and that all records of his labors for the Reformation of his native land, as well as most of his published works, were destroyed by the Jesuits. 24 There were two brothers of that name, both zealous Protestants. The one was Bishop of Capo d’Istria, and 25 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 227. 26 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland. vol. 1., p. 309, foot-note.

CHAPTER - Raynaldus, ad ann. 1556. Starowolski, Epitomae Synodov. — apud Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol 1., p. 2 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 1., pp. 310, 311. Bayle, art. “Radziwi11.” 3 Pietro Soave Polano, Hist. Counc. Trent, lib. 5., p. 399; Lond., 1629. 4 “Episcopi sunt non custodes sed proditores reipublicae.” (Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 1., p. 312.) 5 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 232, foot-note. 6 Vie de Commendoni, par Gratiani, Fr. Trans., p. 213 et seq. — apud Krasinski, Slavonia, pp. 232 — 234. 7 See ante, bk. 3., chap. 19, p. 212. 8 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 1., p. 368. 9 This union is known in history as the Consensus Sandomiriensis. 10 These articles are a compromise between the Lutheran and Calvinistic theologies, on the vexed question of the Eucharist. The Lutherans soon began loudly to complain that though their phraseology was Lutheran their sense was Calvinistic, and the union, as shown in the text, was short-lived. 11 Krasinski, Hist Reform. Poland, vol. 1., chap. 9.

CHAPTER - Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 2., p. 294. 2 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 2., pp. 15 — 34. 3 Hosius wrote in the same terms from Rome to the Archbishop and clergy of Poland: “Que ce que le Roi avait promis a Paris n’etait qu’une feinte et dissimulation; et qu’aussitot qu’il serait couronne, il chasserait hors du royaume tout exercice de re1igion autre que la Romaine.” (MS. of Dupuis in the Library of Richelieu at Paris — apud Krasinski, Hist.

Reform. Poland, vol. 2., 1). 39.)

CHAPTER - The fact that Bathory before his election to the throne of Poland was a Protestant, and not, as historians commonly assert, a Romanist, was first published by Krasinski, on the authority of a MS. history now in the Library at St. Petersburg, written by Orselski, a contemporary of the events. (Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol 2., p. 48 ) 2 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol. 2., p. 53. 3 Ibid ., vol. 2., pp. 49, 50.

CHAPTER - See his Life by Rescius (Reszka), Rome, 1587. Numerous editions have been published of his works; the best is that of Cologne, 1584, containing his letters to many of the more eminent of his contemporaries. 2 Lukaszewicz (a Popish author), History of the Helvetian Churches of Lithuania, vol. 1., pp. 47, 85. and vol. 2., p. 192; Posen, 1842, 1843 — apud Krasinski, Slavonia,..... pp. 289, 294. 3 Albert Wengiersi 4 A Spanish Jesuit who compiled a grammar which the Jesuits used in the schools of Poland. 5 Dialogue of a Landowner with a Parish Priest. The work, published about 1620, excited the violent anger of the Jesuits; but being unable to wreak their vengeance on the author, the printer, at their instigation, was publicly flogged, and afterwards banished. (See Krasinski, S1avonia, p. 296.) 6 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 333. 7 Krasinski, Hist. Reform. Poland, vol 2., chap. 12. 8 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 356.

CHAPTER - See ante, vol. 1., bk. 2 We have in the same place narrated the origin of the “United Brethren,” their election by lot of three men who were afterwards ordained by Stephen, associated with whom, in the laying on of hands, were other Waldensian pastors. Comenius, who relates the transaction, terms Stephen a chief man or bishop among the Waldenses. He afterwards suffered martyrdom for the faith. 3 See ante, vol. 1, bk. 3., chap. 7, p. 162. 4 Comenius, Historia Persecutionum Ecclesia Bohemica, cap. 28, p. 98; Lugd Batav., 1647. 5 Ibid., cap. 28, p. 29. 6 “Placide expirarunt.” (Comenius, cap. 30, p. 109.) 7 Comenius, cap. 29, p. 102. 8 Ibid., cap. 29, p. 105. 9 Comenius, cap. 30, pp. 105, 106. 10 “Parata mihi sunt et indusium et pallium, quando lubet duci jubete.” (Comenius, p. 107.) 11 “Cum ossibus, capillis, nervis et venis in Sacramento contineri.” (Comenius, p. 108.) 12 Comenius, p. 110. The Reformation and Anti-Reforma tion in Bohemia (from the German), vol. 1., pp. 66, 67; Lond., 1845. 13 Comenius, cap. 36. 14 Comenius, cap. 37. 15 Reform. and Anti-Reform. in Bohem., vol. 1., p. 75. 16 Krasinski, Slavonia, p. 145. 17 Comenius, cap. 39, pp. 126, 127. 18 Comenius, cap. 39. Reform. and Anti-Reform. in Bohem., vol. 1., pp. 105, 107. 19 Krasinski, Slavonia, pp. 145, 146.

CHAPTER - Reform. and Anti-Reform. in Bohem., vol. 1., p. 187. 2 Comenius, cap. 40. Reform. and Anti-Reform. In Bohem., vol. 1., p. et seq. 3 Comenius, cap. 40, pp. 134-136. 4 “Adsuevi.” (Comenius.) 5 Comenius, cap. 42. Krasinski, Slavonia , p. 146. 6 Balbin assures us that some Jesuits, despite the order to withdraw, remained in Prague disguised as coal-fire men. (Reform . and Anti - Reform . in Bohem ., vol. 1., p. 336.) 7 Comenius, cap. 44, p. 154. 8 “Lumina et columina patriae.” (Comenius, cap. 59.) 9 Comenius, pp. 209-211. Reform. and Anti-Reform. In Bohem ., pp. 287- 290. 10 Comenius, pp. 211, 212. 11 “Ut muscae advolabant.” (Comenius.) 12 “Nuntiatur formosissimus caelum cinxisse arcus.” (Comenius.) 13 Comenius, pp. 223, 224. 14 Comenius, p. 225.

CHAPTER - The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 1., p. 401. 2 Comenius, cap. 63. 3 Comenius, cap. 64. The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 1., pp. 416, 417. 4 Comenius, cap. 65. 5 The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 1., p. 6 This anticipation was realized in 1631. After the victory of Gustavus Adolphus at Leipsic, Prague was entered, and Count Thorn took down the heads from the Bridge-tower, and conveyed them to the Tein Church, followed by a large assemblage of nobles, pastors, and citizens, who had returned from exile. They were afterwards buried, but the spot was concealed from the knowledge of the Romanists. (Comenius, cap. 73.) 7 This bow is mentioned by both Protestant and Popish writers. The people, after gazing some time at it, admiring its beauty, were seized with fear, and many rushed in terror to their houses. 8 Comenius, cap. 78. The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 1., pp. 429, 430.

CHAPTER - Comenius, cap. 51, p. 184. 2 Ibid. 3 “Tandem cantu et fictu resonante caelo, amplexibus et osculis mutuis Divinae se commendarunt gratiae.” (Comenius, p. 195.) 4 The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia . vol. 2., pp. 32, 33. 5 Comenius, cap. 54, p. 192. 6 The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 2., pp. 16-19. 7 Comenius, cap. 105. The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 2., chap. 3. 8 The Reformation and Anti-Reformation in Bohemia , vol. 2., p. 114. 9 Comenius, cap. 89. 10 “Lurcones qui sua decoxerant, homicidas infames, spurios, mangones, fidicines, comaedos, ciniflones, quosdam etiam alphabeti ignaros homines,” etc. (Comenius, cap. 90, p. 313.) 11 Comenius, cap. 91. 12 Comenius, cap. 92. 13 Ludwig Hausser, Period of the Reformation , vol. 2., p. 107; Lond., 1873. 14 Pelzel, Geschichte von Bohmen , p. 185 et seq. Krasinski, Slavonia , p. 158.

BOOK 3,

CHAPTER - History of the Protestant Church in Hungary, compiled from original and authentic Documents . Translated by the Reverend Dr. Craig, Hamburg; with Preface by Dr. Merle D’Aubigne. Page 33. Lond., 1854. 2 Secret History of the Austrian Government , compiled from Official Documents , by Alfred Michiels. Page 91. Lond., 1859. 3 Baronius, Annal ., art. 4, ann. 1525. 4 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 40. 5 See ante , vol. 1., book 10., chap. 23. 6 Michiels, Secret Hist. , p. 92. 7 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , pp. 50, 51. 8 The Spanish Hunt , a rare book, gives a full account of this discussion. See also Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , pp. 53-57. 9 The Spanish Hunt .

CHAPTER - Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 51. 2 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 60. 3 Lampe, lib. 2., anno 1545, p. 93; Traj. Rhen., 1728. Ribini, Memorabilia , p. 67. 4 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 67. 5 The Palatine was the officer appointed by the Diet to execute its decrees when not in session. He was for the time chief administrator. 6 Hist. Prot. Ch. in Hungary , p. 69. Lampe, lib. 2., p. 99. 7 Scaricaus, Vita Szegedini . — Hist Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 64. 8 Ribini, Memorabilia, 1., p. 78. Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , pp. 65, 66. 9 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 73.

CHAPTER - Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , chap. 16, pp. 100, 101. 2 Alfred Michiels. 3 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , chap. 4, pp. 140, 142. 4 Veshe, Geschichte des Oesterreichischen Hofes , vol 4., p. 71. Michiels, Secret Hist. , p. 104. 5 For text of the ambassador’s speech see Cornelius, Historia Hungarica ; and Maelath, Geschichte der Magyren , vol. 5., p. 161. Michiels, Secret Hist. , p. 102. 6 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , chap. 6, p. 150.

CHAPTER - Frid. Adolph. Lampe, Hist. Eccles. Reform. in Hungaria et Transylvania , anno. 1664, pp. 392, 393. 2 Carlyle calls him “The solemn little Herr in red stockings.” (History of Frederick the Great , People’s Ed., vol. 2., p. 67.) 3 Michiels, Secret Hist. , p. 107. 4 Frid. Adolph. Lampe, Hist. Eccles. Reform. in Hungaria et Transylvania , p. 427. 5 Mica Bury MS., apud Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , pp. 174, 175. 6 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , pp. 172, 173. 7 Joann. Bethlen Con. Ejus Aetatis 1670. 8 Fessler, vol. 9., p. 110 — apud Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 178.

CHAPTER - Michiels, Secret Hist. , p. 115. 2 Frid. Adolph. Lampe, Hist. Eccles. Reform. in Hungaria et Transylvania , p. 427; Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1728. — A full account of these transactions will be found in a work by Stephen Pilarik, entitled Curru Jehovae Mirabili . See also Fesseler, vol. 9., pp. 223, 228; as also Hist.

Prot. Church in Hungary , chap. 11. 3 Frid. Adolph. Lampe, Hist. Eccles. Reform. in Hungaria et Transylvania , pp. 444, 445. — The book translated out of the original Bohemian into Latin, by John Amos Comenius, was published at Amsterdam, 1665, under the title, Lux e Tenebris novis radiis aucta . 4 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 207. 5 Frid. Adolph. Lampe, Hist. Eccles. Reform. in Hungaria , etc., p. 445. 6 A Hungarian winter is often from 40 degrees to 60 degrees F. below the freezing-point. 7 George Lanyi, Captivitas Papistica — apud Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 213. 8 Frid. Adolph. Lampe, Hist. Eccles. Reform. in Hungaria , etc., lib. 2., ann. 1676. 9 Hist. Prot. Church in Hungary , chap. 15, p. 220.

BOOK 4,

CHAPTER - See ante , vol. 2. 2 Hallenberg, 1., p. 22. History of Gustavus Adolphus , by B. Chapman, M.

A.; p. 47; Lond., 1856. 3 Geijer, 3., p. 5 — apud Chapman, Hist. Gust. Adolph ., p. 45. 4 Frederick Schiller, The Thirty Years’ War , vol. 1., bk. 1.; Edin., 1828.

Ludwig Hausser, The Period of the Reformation , vol. 2., part 7., chap. 31; Lond., 1873. B. Chapman, The History of Gustavus Adolphus , and the Thirty Years’ War , chap. 5; Lond., 1856. 5 Von Gustav Freytag, Aus dom Jahrhundert grossen Krieges , chap. 1, p. 22; Leipsic, 1867.

CHAPTER - Gustav. Freytag, Jahrhundert dem grossen Krieges , chap. 2, p. 72. 2 From the parish registers of Seebergen, near Gotha — apud Gustav.

Freytag. 3 Gustav. Freytag, pp. 72, 73.

CHAPTER - Gustav. Freytag, chap. 3, p. 111. 2 Gustav. Freytag, p. 116. 3 Gustav. Freytag, pp. 119-122.

CHAPTER - Chapman, Hist. of Gustavus Adolphus , p. 151. 2 Schiller, The Thirty Years’ War , bk. 2., pp. 161-173. Chapman, Hist. of Gustavus Adolphus , chap. 5, pp. 142-150. Ludwig Hausser, The Period of the Reformation , vol. 2., pp. 108,109. 3 Schiller, The Thirty Years’ War , vol. 1., pp. 145, 146, 163. Ludwig Hausser, The Period of the Reformation , vol. 2., pp. 110, 111. 4 Schiller, The Thirty Years’ War , vol. 1., p. 165. Ludwig Hausser, The Period of the Reformation , vol. 2., p. 112. 5 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 112. Schiller, vol. 1., pp. 172, 173. 6 Chapman, pp. 159, 160. 7 Alfred Michiels, p. 60. Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 116. 8 Alfred Michiels, p. 63. 9 Ibid ., p. 59. Schiller, vol. 1., pp. 178, 179.

CHAPTER - Secret History of the Austrian Government , p. 71. 2 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 198. 3 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 126. 4 Chapman, p. 184. 5 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 127. 6 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 205. 7 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 200. 8 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 204. 9 Ibid ., p. 205.

CHAPTER - Chapman, p. 196. 2 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., pp. 150, 151. 3 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 219. 4 Chapman, p. 205. 5 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 220. 6 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 148. 7 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 157. 8 Schiller, vol. 1., p. 226. 9 Chapman, p. 219. 10 Ibid ., p. 234. 11 Schiller, vol. 1., pp. 234, 235. Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., pp. 160-162.

CHAPTER - Schiller, vol. 1., p. 230. 2 Sir Robert Anstruther. German Correspondence , May, 1631. Lotichius, vol. 1., p. 876. Chemnitz, vol. 1., p. 132. Chapman, pp. 240-243.

Schiller, vol. 1., pp. 240-250. 3 Khevenhiller, vol. 11., p. 1875 — apud Chapman, p. 257. 4 The king’s letter to Oxenstierna, apud Geijer, vol 3., p. 217. Chapman, p. 261. 5 Chemnitz, vol. 1., p. 175. Khevenhiller, vol. 11., p. 1874. Chapman, pp. 257-265. Schiller, vol. 1., pp. 266-269.

CHAPTER - Schiller, vol. 1., p. 269. 2 Puffendorf p. 53. Chapman, p. 267. 3 Chemnitz, vol. 1., p. 199 — apud Chapman, p. 285. 4 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 168. 5 Schiller, vol. 2., p. 30. 6 Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., pp. 170, 171. 7 Khevenhiller, vol 7., p. 87. 8 Richelieu, Memoirs , vol. 7., p. 45. 9 Chapman, pp. 296, 297. 10 Aldzreitter, vol. 3., p. 265 — apud Chapman, p. 313. 11 Khevenhiller, vol. 12., p. 13 — apud Chapman, p. 323. Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., pp. 175, 176. 12 Swed. Intell ., vol. 2., pp. 152-158 — apud Chapman, p. 326. 13 Schiller, vol. 2., p. 98. 14 Schiller, vol 2., p. 122. 15 Swed. Intell ., vol. 3., p. 128 — apud Chapman, p. 369.

CHAPTER - Schiller, vol. 2., p. 128. 2 We have followed the standard authorities for our description of this celebrated battle; still, it is impossible to give very minute or, it may be, perfectly accurate details of it. It was variously reported at the time. The king’s death, for instance, has been set down as the act of an assassin, and the Swedes generally believed that the perpetrator of the base act was Francis, Duke of Lauenburg. The antecedents of this man, and his subsequent history, gave some grounds for the suspicion. But it needs not assassination to account for the death of one who, with incomparable but unjustifiable bravery, was fighting, almost alone and without armor, in the midst of hundreds of enemies. 3 The traveler Cox says: “A few years ago, Prince Henry of Prussia, being at Stockholm, descended into the vault, and opened the coffin which contains the remains of Gustavus. A Swedish nobleman who accompanied the prince into the vault assured me that the body was in a state of complete preservation” (about 150 years after burial), “that the countenance still retained the most perfect resemblance to the pictures and coins, and particularly that the whiskers and short pointed beard, which he wore according to the fashion of the times in which he lived, were distinctly visible.” (Cox, Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark , vol. 3., p. 102; Dublin, 1784.) 4 Gustav Freytag, p. 180. 5 Schiller, vol. 2., p. 135. 6 Alexander, Hannibal, Julius Caesar, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Prince Eugene, Frederick II of Prussia, Napoleon. (Gfrorer, p. 1015.)

CHAPTER - Swed. Intell ., vol. 3., p. 200 — apud Chapman, p. 390. 2 Diet of Heilbronn — Swed. Intell ., vol. 3., p. 312. 3 Schiller, vol. 2., p. 148. 4 Schiller, vol. 2., p. 170. Khevenhiller, vol. 12., p. 591. Forster, Wallenstein’s Briefe , vol. 3., p. 30 — apud Chapman, p. 391. 5 Michiels, Secret History of the Austrian Government , pp. 78, 79. 6 Forster, Wallenstein’s Briefe , vol. 3., p. 199. Chemnitz, vol. 2., p. 332.

Khevenhiller, vol. 12., p. 1163. Schiller, vol. 2., pp. 197-201. Michiels, Secret History , pp. 87-91. Chapman, pp. 396-398. 7 Schiller, vol. 2., p. 221.

CHAPTER - Gustav. Freytag, pp. 221-223. 2 From the Church-Book of Pastor Trumper of Dolstadt, apud Gustav.

Freytag, pp. 223-227. 3 Freytag, p. 229. 4 Freytag, pp. 230, 231. 5 Chapman, p. 400. Freytag, p. 235. Ludwig Hausser, vol. 2., p. 277.

BOOK 5,

CHAPTER - See ante , vol. 2., p. 624. 2 Felice, History of the Protestants of France , vol. 1., p. 309. 3 Elie Benoit, Histoire de l’Edit de Nantes , tom. 2., p. 295. This is a work in five volumes, filled with the acts of violence and persecution which befell the Protestants from the reign of Henry IV to the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. 4 Felice, vol. 1., p. 315. 5 Serres, Gen. Hist. of France , continued by Grimston, pp. 256, 257. 6 Ibid . Young, Life of John Welsh , pp. 396, 397; Edin., 1866. 7 Elie Benoit, tom. 2., p. 377.

CHAPTER - Felice, pp. 326, 327. 2 Felice, p. 329.

CHAPTER - Weiss, History of the French Protestant Refugees , p. 26; Edin., 1854. 2 Weiss, Hist. French Prot. Refugees , p. 34. 3 Ibid . 4 Ibid ., p. 35. 5 Hall’s Works, vol. 6., p. 878. 6 These medals were called “Marreaux” No.1 was in use in all the western and south-western part of France, from La Rochelle to Toulouse. It is the finest. On the one side is a shepherd blowing a horn and calling his sheep, on the other is an open book with the inscription “Ne crains point, petit troupe.” — “Fear not, little flock.” Nos. 2 and 3 belong to villages of the Poitou.

CHAPTER - Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV ., vol. 1., p. 73; Glas., 1753. 2 Agnew, Protestant Exiles from France in the Reign of Louis XIV ., vol. 1., p. 94 (a work of great research). 3 Elie Benoit, Histoire de L’Edit de Nantes , tom. 4., livr. 17., 18.; Delft, 1695.

CHAPTER - See Bulletin de la Societe de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Francais:

Deuxieme annee ; p. 167 et seq.; Paris, 1854. 2 Weiss says the 22nd of October. It was probably signed on the 18th and published on the 22nd of October. 3 Weiss, p. 72. 4 The Archbishop of Dublin, Richard Chevenix Trench, is his greatgrandson.

The archbishop is descended by the mother’s side from the family of Chevenix, and by the father’s side from another Huguenot family, that of La Tranches. 5 Elie Benoit, vol. 5., pp. 554, 953. 6 Felice, vol. 2., p. 63. See also Bulletin de la Societe de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Francais: Premiere Annee ; pp. 316, 535; Paris, 1853. 7 Massillon’s Funeral Oration on Louis XIV. 8 This statue was melted in 1792, and cast into cannon, which thundered at Valmy. (Weiss, p. 93.) . 9 We say three, although there are five, because two of the number axe obviously reproductions with slight variations in the design.

CHAPTER - Felice, vol. 2., p. 79. 2 Ibid ., vol 2, p. 3 John Quick, Synodicon in Gallia Reformata , pp. 130, 131; Lond., 1692. 4 History of the Sufferings of M. Louis de Marolles ; the Hague, 1699. See also Admiral Baudin’s letter to the President of the Society of the History of French Protestantism — Bulletin for June and July, 1852. 5 Situated on the rocky isle that fronts the harbor of Marseilles. 6 Published by him every fortnight after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. 7 Felice, vol. 2., p. 87. 8 Autobiography of a French Protestant condemned to the Galleys for the sake of his Religion (transl. from the French), p. 209. This work was written by Jean Marteilhe, who passed some years in the French galleys. It was translated by Oliver Goldsmith, first published at Rotterdam in 1757, and has since been re-published by the Religious Tract Society, London. See also Elie Benoit, bk. 24. 9 Copies of medals on this and the next page are in the possession of C.P.

Stewart, Esq., M.A., who has kindly permitted engravings to be made of them for this Work. 10 Autobiography of a French Protestant , etc., pp. 203, 204. 11 Bulletin de la Societe de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Francais , pp. 176, 320; Paris, 1853.

CHAPTER - Weiss — Bulletin de la Societe de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Francais , pp. 231-234; Paris, 1853. 2 These medals or “tokens” are engraved on page 324. See Bulletin de la Societe de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Francais , p. 13; Paris, 1854. 3 Felice, vol. 2., p. 82. 4 Politique Tiree de l’Ecriture Sainte , livr. 4., art. 1., prop. 2. 5 Bulletin de la Societe de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Francais , vol. 4. 6 Ibid ., vol. 10. p. 50. 7 Weiss, in his History of the Refugees , says that more than 700 pastors emanated from this famous school. M. Coquerel, in his History of the Churches of the Desert , reduces the number to 100. The most reasonable calculation would not give less than 450, among whom were Alphonse Turretin and Abraham Ruchat, the historian of the Reformation in Switzerland.

BOOK 6,

CHAPTER - Knight, Life of Colet , p. 67; Oxford, 1823. 2 Ibid ., p. 61. 3 Colet’s Sermon to the Convocation — Phoenix, vol. 2., pp. 1-11. 4 Blunt, Reformation in England , p. 105; Lond., 1832.

CHAPTER - Burnet, History of the Reformation in England , vol. 1., p. 35; Lond., 1681. 2 Burnet, 1. 35, 36. 3 Collier, Records , 2:1. 4 Burnet, 1. 36. 5 Soames, History of the Reformation of the Church of England , vol. 1, p. 176; Lond., 1826. 6 Hume, vol. 1., chap. 27, p. 488; Loud., 1826. 7 Hume, vol. 1., chap. 28, p. 495. 8 Hume, vol. 1., chap. 28, p. 499. 9 See ante , vol. 1., p. 394. 10 Fox, Acts and Mon ., vol. 4., pp. 183-155. Lond., 1846. 11 Ibid ., p. 188. 12 Fox, Acts and Mon ., vol. 4., pp. 181, 182. 13 Ibid ., p. 182. 14 D’Aubigne, Reformation of the Sixteenth Century , vol. 5., p. 199; Edin., 1853.

CHAPTER - Fox, Acts and Mon ., vol. 4., p. 620; Lond., 1846. 2 Fox, Acts and Mon ., vol. 5., p. 115. 3 Ibid ., p. 3. 4 Ibid ., p. 4. 5 Fox, Acts and Mon ., vol. 5., p. 115. 6 Ibid . 7 Ibid ., p. 117. 8 Fox, vol. 5., p. 117. 9 By his good will he would eat but sodden meat, and drink but small single beer.” (Monmouth, on his examination — Fox, vol. 4., p. 618.) 10 Writings of Tindal , p. 4; Religious Tract Society, London. 11 See ante , vol. 1., p. 310. 12 Gerdesius, Hist. Reform ., tom. 4., appen. 22., p. 117. 13 Ibid ., tom. 4., pp. 177, 178. 14 See bull in Gerdesius, tom. 4., app. 24. 15 Burnet, Hist. of Reform ., vol. 1., p. 4.; Lond., 1681. 16 Anderson, Annals of the English Bible , vol. 1., p. 49 et seq. Cochlaeus, p. 126. Fox, vol. 5., p. 119. 17 In the Museum of the Baptist College at Bristol is a copy of the octavo edition of Tyndale’s New Testament. (Ann. of Eng. Bible , 1:70.)

CHAPTER - Fox, vol. 4., p. 620. 2 Latimer’s Sermons. 3 Fiddes, Life of Wolsey , p. 209 et seq. Burnet, Hist. of Reform ., vol. 1., p. 22. 4 Gilpin, Life of Latimer , p. 10. 5 Becon’s Works, vol. 2., p. 425. 6 Fox, vol. 5., p. 428. Strype, Memorials of Thomas Cranmer, p. 81; Lond., 1694.

CHAPTER - Fox; vol. 5. 2 Ibid . 3 A deep cave under the ground of the same college, where their salt fish was laid, so that through the filthy stench thereof they were all infected.” (Fox, vol. 5.) 4 Fox, vol. 5. 5 Crede et manducasti.” (Fox. vol. 5.) 6 Strype, Memorials of Cranmer , p. 81. Wilkins, Concilia , vol. 3., p. 706.

Fox, vol. 4., pp. 666, 667. 7 Fox, vol. 4. 8 Soames, vol. 1., p. 510. 9 Burnet, vol. 1., pp. 37, 38. — “The best-informed writers of the sixteenth century, men of the most opposite parties — Pole, Polydore Virgil, Tyndale, Meteren, Pallavicini, Sanders, and Roper, More’s sonin- law — all agree in pointing to Wolsey as the instigator of that divorce which has become so famous.” (D’Aubigne, vol. 5., p. 407.) 10 More’s Life, p. 129. 11 Burnet, vol. 1., p. 38. 12 No one now thinks it worth his while to rebut the calumnies of Sanders in his History of English Schism . Perhaps no falsifier ever more completely succeeded in making his slanders perfectly harmless simply by making them incredible than this writer. This lady of undoubted beauty, talent, and virtue, he paints as a monster absolutely hideous by the deformities of her body, and the yet greater deformities of her soul. We quote only the following short passage from the French translation: “On la vit apres a la cour (de France), ou elle se gouverna avec si peu de pudeur, qu’on l’appelloit ordinarement la haquenee d’Angleterre . Francios I eut part a ses bonnes graces; on la nomma depuis la mule du Roy .” (Histoire du Schisme d’Angleterre; Paris, 1678.) 13 Sloane MSS., 2,495 — apud Turner, Hist. of Eng ., vol. 2., p. 196.

CHAPTER - Burnet, vol. 1., p. 47. 2 See copy of original letter of Cardinal Wolsey to Sir Gregory Cassali, in Burnet, vol. 1. — Records , 3. 3 Burnet, vol. 1., p. 48. 4 Burnet, vol. 1., pp. 49, 50. 5 See “The Cardinal’s Letter to the Ambassadors about his Promotion to the Popedom,” in Burnet, 1. — Records , 20. 6 Fox, vol 4., pp. 621-625. 7 Fox, vol. 4., pp. 628, .629. 8 Ibid ., p. 630. 9 Fox, vol. 4., pp. 631, 632. 10 Fox, vol. 4., pp. 631, 632. 11 Fox, vol. 4., p. 643. 12 Latimer’s Sermons — Fox, vol. 4., pp. 641, 642. 13 Bilney’s Bible is now in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. It has numerous annotations in his own hand; and the verse quoted in the text, from Isaiah 43, which consoled the martyr in his last hours, is specially marked with a pen on the margin. (Ed. of Fox, Lond. edition, 1846.) 14 Fox, vol. 4. pp. 654, 655. 15 Ibid ., p. 681. 16 Fox, vol. 4., pp. 687, 688. 17 Ibid ., pp. 689-694. 18 Fox, vol. 4., pp. 697-705. 19 Fox — Soames, Hist. of Reform ation, vol. 1., p. 512.

CHAPTER - Herbert, p. 248. Strype, Eccl. Mem ., vol. 1., p. 171. Burnet, vol. 1., pp. 54, 55. 2 Burnet, vol. 1., p. 58: “He could not be brought to part with the decretal bull out of his hands, or to leave it for a minute, either with the king or the cardinal.” Campeggio would not even show it to the Council. 3 Sanders, Histoire du Schisme d’Angleterre , p. 44; Paris, 1678. 4 Burnet, vol 1., p. 77. 5 Jura par la sainte Messe, que jamais legat ne cardinal n’avoit bien fait en Angleterre .” (Sanders, p. 62.) 6 Burnet, Records , bk. 1., p. 81. 7 Sanders, p. 63. 8 Herbert, Life of Henry VIII , p. 287. 9 State Papers , 7., p. 194. 10 See ante , vol. 1., p. 573. 11 Cavendish. 12 Cavendish says Calais; the Bishop of Bayonne, Da Bellay, says Dover. 13 Herbert, p. 288. 14 Ibid ., p. 290. 15 Cavendish, vol. 1., pp. 183, 184. Herbert, p. 290. — One of the best inventories of Wolsey’s furniture is preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum. (See Ellis, Letters , vol. 2., p. 25.) 16 Thus continued my lord at Esher three or four weeks, without either beds, sheets, table-cloths, or dishes to eat their meat in...but afterwards my lord borrowed some plates and dishes of the Bishop of Carlisle.” (Cavendish.) 17 Herbert, p. 295. 18 Strype, Eccl. Mem ., vol. 1., p, 182. 19 Galt, Life of Cardinal Wolsey , p. 193; Lond., 1846. 20 Cavendish, vol. 1., pp. 313, 314. 21 Ibid ., pp. 319, 320.

CHAPTER - Strype, Memorials of Cranmer , p. 1; Lond., 1694. — The residence of the Alsactons and Cranmers may still be traced, the site being marked by enormous earth-works. (Thorston and Throsby, Hist. of Nottinghamshire .) 2 Strype, Memorials of Cranmer , p. 2. 3 Apologia Regin. Poli ad Carolum V — Poli Epistolae , vol. 1., pp. 120, 121. 4 Strype, Eccl. Mem ., vol. 1., p. 204. 5 Herbert, p. 321. 6 Wilkins, Concilia , vol. 3., p. 717 et seq . 7 Strype, Eccl. Mem ., vol. 1., pp. 204-206. — Act 25 Henry VIII, cap. 19. 8 Strype, Eccl. Mem ., vol. 1., p. 211. 9 Strype, Eccl. Mem ., vol. 1., p. 211. 10 Ibid . 11 Collier, vol. 2.

CHAPTER - Act 24 Henry VIII, cap. 12. 2 Act 23 Henry VIII, cap. 9, 10, 11. 3 Ibid ., cap. 20, Burnet, vol. 1., bk. 2., p. 117. 4 Act 25 Henry VIII, cap. 19. 5 Act 25 Henry VIII, cap. 20. Burnet, vol. 1, bk. 2, p. 148. 6 Act 26 Henry VIII, cap. 1. 7 Act 37 Henry VIII, cap. 17. 8 Burnet, vol. 1., bk. 2., p. 157. 9 Burnet, vol. 1., bk. 2.; Records , p. 88. 10 “Pontifex secreto, veluti rem quam magni faceret, mihi proposuit conditionem hujusmodi Concedi posse vestrae Majestati ut duas uxores habeat.” (Original Despatch of De Cassali — Herbert, p. 330.) 11 Wilkins, Concilia , vol. 3., p. 757. 12 Such is the date of the marriage given in Cranmer’s letter of 17th June, 1533. Hall, Holinshed, and Burner give the 15th of November, 1532. 13 Wilkins, Concilia , vol. 3., p. 759. 14 Romanus Pontifex non habet a Deo in sacra scriptura concessam sibi majorem auctoritatem ac jurisdictionem in hoc regno Angliae quam quivis alius episcopus externus.” (Decision of University of Cambridge , 2nd May, 1534.) A precisely similar answer came from Oxford. 15 See Supplication of the Poor Commons to the King — Strype, Eccles.

Mem ., vol 1, bk. 1., chap. 53. 16 Strype, Eccles. Mem., vol. 1., p. 329 17 Strype, Eccles. Mem. , vol. 1., book 1., chapter 34. 18 Act 27 Henry VIII, chapter 28. 19 The Report of the Commission has gone a-missing. Its substance, however, may be gathered from the preamble of the Act, from which our quotations in the text are taken, and also from the copious extracts in Strype’s Ecclesiastical Memorials , vol. i., p. 399 et seq .; from the Cotton MSS., Cleopatra E 4, etc. 20 Blunt, p. 142.

CHAPTER - Herbert, book 3., p. 196. 2 Her uncle the Duke of Norfolk, her bitterest enemy, pronounced the sentence, on hearing which she raised her eyes to heaven, and exclaimed, “Oh, Father and Creator! oh, Thou who art the way, and the truth, and the life! Thou knowest that I have not deserved this death.” (Meteren, History des Pays Bas , p. 21.) 3 Herbert, book 3., p. 205. — The judgment pronounced in court by Cranmer, two days after her execution, and which was to the effect that her marriage with the king was not valid, on the grounds of precontract, is a melancholy proof of the tyranny of the king and the weakness of the archbishop. (See Herbert, pp. 203-213.) 4 Herbert, p. 284. 5 Act 31 Henry VIII., chapter 14. 6 Strype, Memorials of Cranmer , pp. 65, 66 (see also Appendix). 7 Biography of Tyndale — Doctrinal Treatises , Parker Soc., pp. 74-76. 8 Burnet, vol. 1., book 3., p. 9 Strype, Memorials of Cranmer , p. 64. 10 Strype, Eccles. Mem ., vol. 1. p. 514. 11 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, pp. 95-97. 12 Strype, Eccl. Mem. , vol. 1., pp. 599, 600. Fox says their martyrdom took place in June. Bishop Bale says it was on the 16th of July, 1546.

Southey, in his Book of the Church (vol. ii., p. 92), says that the execution was delayed till darkness closed. We are disposed to think that this is a mistake, arising from misunderstanding an expression of Fox about the “hour of darkness.” 13 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 189. Herbert, p. 630.

CHAPTER - Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 142, 143. 2 There is one exception to the peace, viz., the battle of Pinkey, near Edinburgh, fought in September, 1547 in which the English defeated the Scotch, slaughtering 10,000, and taking 2,000 prisoners. 3 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , book 2., chapter 2. 4 Ibid ., p. 148. 5 Burnet, vol, 3., part 3., book 4; London ed., 1820. 6 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , book 2., chapter 3. 7 Ibid ., book 2., chapter 5. 8 Burnet, vol. 2., p. 60. Collier, vol. 2., p. 241. 9 Strype, Mem. Cranmer , p. 160. Cranmer’s Catechism , p. 182 et seq.; Oxford, 1829. 10 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , book 2., chapter 5. This writing of the archbishop, Strype says, is without date, but obviously composed with an eye to the change of the mass into a communion. 11 Strype, vol. 2., p. 135. 12 Collier, vol. 2., p. 310. Records, No. 70. 13 “2nd and 3rd Edward VI., c. i. Previously to the passing of the Act a great variety of forms of prayer and communion had been in use. Some used the form of Sarum, some that of York, others that of Bangor, and others that of Lincoln, while others used forms entirely of their own devising.” (Styrpe, Eccles. Mem ., vol. ii., p. 138.) 14 Styrpe, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 194. 15 Massingberd, The Eng. Reform ., p. 356; London, 1847. 16 Strype, Eccles. Mem. , vol. 2., pp. 189, 140. 17 Burnet, vol. 3., part 3., book 4. 18 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 272, 273. 19 Ibid ., pp. 272, 301.

CHAPTER - Burnet, vol. 3., part 3., book 4. 2 See Calvin’s letter to Cranmer of July, 1552 — Jules Bonnet, vol. 2., p. 341; Edinburgh, 1857. 3 See his letter to Cranmer, April, 1552 — Jules Bonnet, vol. 2., p. 331.

See also Cranmer’s letters in his works, published by the Parker Society ; and the Zurich Letters , First Series. 4 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 107, 108. 5 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 266. 6 Ibid ., pp. 216, 217. 7 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 181. 8 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 295, 296. Burnet, vol. 3., part 3., pp. 315, 316.

CHAPTER - Burnet, vol. 3., book 5., p. 322. 2 Burnet, vol. 3., book 5., pp. 335, 336. 3 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 305, 306. 4 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 310. Burnet, vol. 3., book 5., pp. 329, 330. 5 Ibid ., pp. 313, 314. Burnet, vol. 3., book 4., p. 321. 6 Ibid . p. 312. 7 A copy of this medal is in the possession of C. P. Stewart, Esq., who has kindly permitted an engraving of it to be made for this Work. The kneeling figure on the obverse represents Queen Mary; the Cardinal is Pole; the Emperor next him is Charles V.; the Pope is Julius III.; then comes Philip II., and next him is Catherine of Aragon. 8 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 335, 336. 9 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 345.

CHAPTER - Fox, vol. 6., p. 628. 2 Fox, vol. 6., pp. 656-659. 3 Fox, vol. 6., pp. 690-699. 4 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , pp. 340, 341. 5 Now converted into a street; the exact spot is believed to be near the corner of Broad Street, where ashes and burned sticks have been dug up. 6 Fox. 7 Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 375. 8 Fox. Strype, Mem. of Cranmer , p. 371 et seq .

CHAPTER - Burnet, vol. 3., book 5., p. 394; London, 1820. 2 Burnet, vol. 3., book 6., p. 396. 3 Professor Bruce, The Ecclesiastical Supremacy Annexed to the English Crown , p. 34; Edinburgh, 1802. 4 Act 1 Elizabeth, chapter 1. 5 Burnet, vol. 3., book 6., pp. 402-405. 6 Burnet, vol. 3., book 6., p. 406. 7 Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum. 8 Those who wish to see at full length the different opinions which have been maintained by divines on the royal supremacy, may consult, among other works, Strype, Eccles. Mem. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Ecclesiae Anglicanae , 1709; Becanus (a Jesuit), Dissidium Anglicanum de Primatu Regis , 1612; Madox, Vindication of the Church of England ; Professor Archibald Bruce, Dissertation on the Supremacy of Civil Powers, etc. , 1802; Dr. Blakeney, History of the Book of Common Prayer , 1870; Dr. Pusey, The Royal Supremacy not an Arbitrary Authority , 1850; Warren, The Queen or the Pope , 1851; Cunningham, Discussion on Church Principles , chapter 6, 1863.

CHAPTER - Danmatio et Excommunicatio Elizabethae Reginae Angliae, etc. Datum Romae, etc., 1570, 5 cal. Maii, Pontificatus Nostri Anno 5. 2 . Act 13 Elizabeth, chapter 1. 3 Ibid., chapter 4 Strype, Annals, vol. 3., p. 40; London, 1728. 5 Fuller, book 9., p. 130. 6 Strype, vol. 3. pp. 32, 33. 7 Strype, vol. 3., p. 39. 8 Ibid., p. 43. 9 Ibid., p. 249. 10 Strype, vol. 3., p. 217. 11 Full particulars of the plot, with the documents, and confessions of the conspirators, are given by Strype, Annals, vol. 3., book 2., chapter 5.

See also Hume, Groude, the Popish historian Lingard, and others. 12 Strype, vol. 3. p. 417.

CHAPTER - Camden, vol. 3., p. 402. Strada, vol. 2., p. 530. 2 Hume, vol. 2., chapter 42. 3 Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, History of the Navigations, Voyages, etc., of the English Nation , vol. 1., pp. 591, 592; London, 1599. 4 Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 593. 5 Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 593. 6 Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 594. 7 Ibid. 8 Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 595. 9 These numbers, with the arrangement of the forces, are taken from Bruce’s Report , which was compiled from documents in the State Paper Office, prepared at the command of Government, and printed but not published. The author is indebted for its use to David Laing, Esq., LL.D. 10 Bruce, Report , pp. 47,48. 11 Ibid ., pp. 59, 60. Meteren. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 595.

CHAPTER - Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 594. Bruce Report , p. 65; see also Appendix No. 50, where the exact number of friars is set down at 180. 2 Bruce, Report , p. 66, foot-note. 3 Meteren, book 15. Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 596. 4 Ibid . 5 Ibid . 6 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 597. 7 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 598. 8 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 599. 9 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 600.

CHAPTER - Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 601. 2 Ibid. 3 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 602. 4 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 603. 5 Fenton to Burghley, October 28: MSS. Ireland — quoted by Froude, vol. 12., p. 451; London, 1870. 6 Fitzwilliam to the English Council, December 31: MSS. Ireland — apud Froude. 7 Sir William Fitzwilliam to Walsingham, September 30: MSS. Ireland — apud Froude. 8 Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 604. 9 “Sillie, trauchled, and houngered.” We have taken the liberty of rendering the Scottish words into the English though the force is disminished thereby. 10 Autobiography and Diary of Mr. James Melvill , pp. 260-263; Wodrow ed., Edinburgh, 1842. 11 The Pope was satirized in his turn. When the news of the Armada’s failure arrived in Rome, there was posted up a pasquil, in which Sixtus was made to offer, out of the plenitude of his power, a thousand year’s indulgence to any one who would give him information respecting the whereabouts of the Spanish fleet: wither it had been taken up into heaven, or had descended into hell; whether it was hanging in mid air, or still tossing on the ocean. (Cott. Libr ., Titus, B. 2. Strype, Annals , vol. 3., p. 522.) 12 Strype says the 24th November. 13 . Meteren; Hakluyt, vol. 1., p. 608.

CHAPTER - Strype, Annals , vol. 3. p. 222-227. 2 Ibid ., vol. 3.; Appendix, 39. 3 See Letter of P. Martyr to T. Sampson — Zurich Letters , 2nd Series, p. 84; Parker ed., 1846. 4 Glassford, Lyrical Compostions from the Italian Poets , p. 55; Edinburgh, 1846. The original is still more pointed — “Che aperse in croce a prender noi le braccia” (The arms which were stretched out upon the cross to lay hold of us). M. Angelo and Ariosto were born in 1474. 5 Ibid ., p. 51.

BOOK 7,

CHAPTER - See an extract from the original account of Resby, by Bower, the continuator or Fordun, in The Works of John Knox , collected and edited by David Laing, ESq., LL.D.; vol. 1., Appendix 2.; Edinburgh, 1846. 2 McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 415; Edinburgh, 1819. 3 Laing, Knox , vol. 1., p. 497. 4 Ibid ., p. 495. 5 McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 414. 6 Wodrow, vol. 2., p. 67. 7 Acta Parl. Scotiae, ii. 7. 8 Laing, Knox , vol. 1., p. 497. Dr. Laing gives original notices respecting Crawar from Fox, Bower, and Boece. 9 “We can trace the existence of the Lollards in Ayrshire from the times of Wicliffe to the days of George Wishart.” (McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 8.) 10 Laing, Knox, vol. 1., pp. 6-12. 11 Lorimer, Scottish Reformation , chapter 1; London, 1860.

CHAPTER - See his exact relationship to the Scottish king traced by Dr. David Laing, Knox , vol. 1., p. 501. 2 Dedication of Exegeseos Francisci Lamberti , etc., quoted in Laing, Knox , vol. 1., Appendix 3. 3 Fox, Acts and Monuments , vol. 4., pp. 570, 571. 4 We owe our knowledge of this fact to Professor Lorimer. See his Patrick Hamilton, etc. and historical sketch. 5 His journey has been doubted. Knox, Spottiswood, and others mention it. Besides, a letter of Angus to Wolsey, of date the 30th March, 1528, says that the king was at that time in the north country, in the extreme parts of his dominions. 6 McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., note D. 7 The articles of Hamilton’s indictment, quoted from the Registers, are given in full by Fox, vol. 4., pp. 559, 560. Calderwood, vol. 1., p. 76.

Spottiswood, p. 63. 8 Now the united College of St. Salvator’s and St. Leonard’s. The Martyrs’ Free Church marks the site of the martyrdom. 9 Alesius, Liber Psalm. 10 Alesius, Liber Psalm. 11 So Fox narrates on the testimony of men who had been present at the burning, and who were alive in Scotland when the materials of his history were collected. See Laing, Knox, vol. 1., Appendix 3.; also Alesius, Liber Psalm ; an Buchanan, lib. xiv., ann. (1527) 1528. 12 Milton, Prose Works: Of Reformation in England.

CHAPTER - Knox, History. Calderwood, History. Fox, Acts and Monuments.

Lorimer, Scottish Reformation. 2 Laing, Knox, vol. 1., pp. 58-60, and footnotes. Calderwood, History, vol. 1., p. 106. McCrie, Life of Knox, vol. 1. Pp. 356-369, notes. 3 Knox, History. Fox, Acts and Monuments. Scots Worthies; Glasgow ed., 1876. 4 See a list of sufferers in McCrie, Life of Knox, vol. 1., pp. 356-369; Edinburgh, 1831. 5 Sadler, Papers, vol. 1., p. 94. Memoirs of Sir James Melvil, pp. 3, 4; Edinburgh, 1735. Laing, Knox, vol. 1., pp. 80-84, and notes. Sir Ralph Sadler, in a letter to Henry VIII., 27th March , 1543, detailing a conversation he had with Governor Hamilton, sayst that “the scroll contained eighteen score noblemen and gentlemen, all well-minded to God’s Word.” 6 Keith has sought to discredit this allegation, but the great preponderance of testimony is against him. (See Laing, Knox, vol. 1., p. 91, footnote). 7 Knox, History, vol. 1., pp. 96, 67; Laing’s edition. 8 Laing, Knox, vol. 1., p. 100. 9 Fox, quoted by Professor Lormier, Scottish Reformation, p. 99. 10 Laing, Knox, vol. 1., p. 128. 11 Laing, Knox, vol. 1., p. 130. 12 Ibid., p. 169-171. 13 The Scottish Reformation, p. 154. 14 An entry in the archives of the Hotel de Ville of Geneva, first brought to light by Dr. David Laing, places it beyond a doubt that Knox’s birthplace was not the village of Gifford, as Dr. McCrie had been led to suppose, but the Gifford-gate, Haddington. (See Laing, Knox, vol. vi., preface; ed. 1864.

CHAPTER - Laing, Knox , vol. 1., p. 192. 2 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol., p. 177. 3 Ibid., p. 175. 4 Laing, Knox , 1., 300. McCrie, Life of Knox , 1. 227, 228. 5 Laing, Knox, vol. 1., pp. 273, 275; ed. 1846. Dr. McCrie mentions a similar “band” in 1556, but he earliest extant is that referred to in the text. An original copy of it, with the autographs of the subscribers, was discovered in 1860 by the Rev. James Young in the charter-chest of the Cuninghame of Balgownie. The author has had an opportunity of the comparing it with Knox’s copy: the two exactly agree, as do also the names of the subscribers. 6 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 1., pp. 228, 229. 7 Lindsay of Pitscottie, History , p. 200. McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 1, p. 232. 8 Calderwood, History , vol. 1., pp. 242, 243.

CHAPTER - McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 1., pp. 251, 252. See their “Protestation,” given to Parliament, in Laing, Knox, vol. 1., pp. 309-314. 2 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 1., p. 256. 3 Laing, Knox , vol, i., pp. 318, 319. 4 This site is now the burial-place of the city. 5 Laing, Knox , vol. 1., pp. 317-324.

CHAPTER - Laing, Knox, vol. 1., p. 342. 2 Memoirs of Sir James Melvil , p. 49; Edinburgh, 1735. 3 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 1., pp. 264, 265. 4 Laing, Knox , vol. 1., pp. 347-349. 5 Laing, Knox , 1. 350. McCrie, Life of Knox , i. 267. 6 McCrie, p.268. 7 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 1., p. 294, footnote. 8 See account of Knox’s negotiations with the English Government in McCrie’s Life of Knox , vol. 1., pp. 283-294. See also Knox’s letters to Cecil, Sadler, and Queen Elizabeth, in Dr. David Laing’s edition of Knox’s Works , vol. 2., pp. 15-56, and footnotes; and Calderwood’s History of the Kirk of Scotland , vol. 1., pp. 490-497., Wodrow ed. 1842. 9 Laing, Knox , vol. 2., p. 92. 10 Act. Parl. Scot. Vol. 2., p. 534. 11 See copy of Confession in Laing, Knox, vol. 2., pp. 95-120; Calderwood, History , vol. 2., pp. 17-35. 12 Death was decreed for the third offense, but the penalty was in no instance inflicted. No Papist ever suffered death for his religion in Scotland. 13 Act. Parl. Scot., vol. 2., p. 534.

CHAPTER - Pastors were elected by the congregation, examined by the Presbytery, and admitted into office in presence of the people. Superintendents were admitted in the same way as other officers, and were subject to the General Assembly. 2 See First Book of Discipline , chapter 7. 3 Brantome, p. 483. 4 Knox says: “I the memory of man, that day of the year, was never seen a more dolorous face of the heaven than was at her arrival. The sun was not seen to shine two days before nor two days after.” Brantome also mentions the thick fog (grand brouillard ) which prevailed so that they could not see from one end of the vessel to the other. (Laing, Knox , vol. 2., pp. 269, 270; Calderwood, History , vol. 2, pp. 142, 143).

CHAPTER - Calderwood, History , vol. 2., pp. 130, 131. 2 Laing, Knox , vol. 2., p. 275. 3 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 2., p. 24. 4 Laing, Knox , vol. 2., pp. 270, 271. 5 Laing, Knox , vol. 2., p. 276. 6 Knox, History (Laing’s edition), vol. 2., pp. 277-286.

CHAPTER - It consisted of forty members, only six of whom were ministers. It met in the Magdalene Chapel, Cowgate. This chapel still exists, and is the property of the Protestant Institute of Scotland. 2 Dunlop, Collect. of Confession , vol. 2., p. 436. McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 2., pp. 4, 5. 3 Knox, History (Laing’s edition), vol. 2., pp. 384-386. 4 “There are some of that sex,” says Randolph, wiring to Cecil, and narrating a similar exhibition, “who can weep for anger as well as grief.” 5 Knox, History (Laing’s edition), vol. 2., pp. 386-389. 6 Knox, History (Laing’s edition), vol. 2., pp. 393-412. McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 2., p. 295. 7 One who is neither a Scotsman nor a Presbyterian says justly as generously: “The time has come when English history may do justice to one but for whom the Reformation would have been overthrown among ourselves; for the spirit which Knox created saved Scotland, and if Scotland had been Catholic again, neither the wisdom of Elizabeth’s ministers, nor the teaching of her bishops, nor her own chicaneries, would have preserved England from revolution.” (Froude, History of England , vol. x., pp. 193, 194; London, 1870).

CHAPTER - McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 2., pp. 158, 159. 2 i.e ., break the pulpit in pieces. (James Melville, Autobiography .) 3 A tulchan is calf’s skin stuffed with straw, set up to make the cow give her milk freely. 4 McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 2., pp. 217, 218. 5 Smetoni Responsio , p. 123. McCrie, Life of Knox , vol. 2., pp. 224, 232.

CHAPTER - Buik of Univ. Kirk , p. 58. McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 154. 2 James Melville, Autobiography and Diary , p. 39; Wodrow ed., 1842. 3 Ibid., p. 41. 4 Ibid., p. 41. 5 James Melville, Autobiography , p. 42. 6 Ibid., p. 44. 7 McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 162. 8 Buik of Univ. Kirk , p. 73,74. McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 165.

CHAPTER - McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 262. See also note AA, ed. 1819.

Spottiswood, p. 308. Strype, Annals , vol. 2., pp. 630, 631. 2 This document is preserved in Presburg, in the library of George Adonys. (History Prot. Church in Hungary , p. 78; London. 1854). 3 Buik of Univ. Kirk , pp. 96-99. McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 1., p. 262. 4 James Melville, Autobiography, pp. 129, 133. McCrie, Life of Melville, vol. 1., p. 273. 5 See copy of letters, with the cipher in which they were written, and its key, in Calderwood, History, vol. v., p. 7 et seq. 6 Calderwood, History , vol. v., p. 106. 7 Act James VI, 1592. 8 Calderwood, History , vol. 5., pp. 160-166. 9 McCrie, Life of Melville , vol. 2., pp. 62-65.

CHAPTER - “Miseram illam foeminam.” 2 Dr. Kennet, Sermon , Nov. 5, 1715. 3 “Impios hereticorum errores undique evellere.” (Bennet, Memorial of the Reformation , p. 130.) 4 Copely, Reas. of Conversion , p. 23. Burnet, Sermon , 5th Nov., 1710. 5 Misson, Travels in Italy , vol. 2., part 1, p. 173. Misson adds, in a marginal note, “Some travelers have told me lately hat this picture has been taken away. 6 The King of Scotland’s Negotiations at Rome for Assistance against the Commonwealth of England . Published to satisfy as many as are not willing to be deceived. By Authority. London, printed by William Dugard, 1650. In this pamphlet the letters are given in full in French and English. They are also published in Rushworth’s Collections.

CHAPTER - “King James, this time, was returning northward to visit poor old Scotland again, to get his Pretended-Bishops set into activity, if he could. It is well known that he could not, to any satisfactory extent, neither now nor afterwards: his Pretended-Bishops, whom by cunning means he did get instituted, had the name of Bishops, but next to none of the authority, of the respect, or, alas, even of the cash, suitable to the reality of that office. They were by the Scotch People derisively called Tulchan Bishops. Did the reader ever see, or fancy in his mind, a Tulchan? A Tulchan is, or rather was, for the thing is long since obsolete, a calf-skin stuffed into the rude similitude of a calf, similar enough to deceive the imperfect perceptive organs of a cow. At milking-time the Tulchan, with head duly bent, was set as if to suck; the fond cow looking round fancied that her calf was busy, and that all was right, and so gave her milk freely, which the cunning maid was straining in white abundance into her pail all the while! The Scotch milkmaids in those days cried, ‘Where is the Tulchan; is the Tulchan ready?’ So of the Bishops. Scotch Lairds were eager enough to ‘milk’ the Church Lands and Tithes, to get the rents out of them freely, which was not always easy. They were glad to construct a form of Bishops to please the King and Church, and make the milk come without disturbances. The reader now knows what a Tulchan Bishop was. A piece of mechanism constructed not without difficulty, in Parliament and King’s Council, among the Scots; and torn asunder afterwards with dreadful clamor, and scattered to the four winds, so soon as the cow became awake to it!” (Carlyle, Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches, vol. 1., p. 36; People’s Ed., 1871.) 2 “Just as the scepter was laying to the cursed act, says Row, “the loudest thunder-clap that ever Scotland heard was just over the Parliament House, whilk made them all quake for fear, looking for nothing less than that the house should have been thrown down by thunderbolts.” (History , ann. 1621.) This storm was the more noticeable that a similar one had burst over Perth in 1618, when the Five Articles were first concluded in the Assembly. “Some scoffers,” says Calderwood, said that “as the law was given by fire from Mount Sinai, so did these fires confirm their laws.” (History, vol. 7., p. 505.) 3 Wodrow, Life of Dickson, Gillies, History Collections, book iii., chapter 2, pp. 182, 183; Kelso, 1845. 4 Life of John Livingstone , i. 138, 139; Wodrow Society. 5 Select Biographies, vol. 1., p. 348; Wodrow Society.

CHAPTER - The True Law of Free Monarchies; or, the Reciprock and Mutual Duty betwixt a Free King and his Natural Subjects. (No paging.) Edinburgh: printed by Robert Waldegrabe, printer to the King’s Majesty, 1603. 2 Basilikoprinter to the King’s Majesty, 1603. 3 History of the Rebellion, book 1., p. 67. 4 Rushworth, vol. 1., p. 422. Hume, History, chapter 50. Bennet, Memorial, p. 154. 5 Rushworth, vol. 2., pp. 76,77. Welwood, p. 275.

CHAPTER - The Books of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments, and other parts of Divine Service, for the use of the Church of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1637. 2 Aikman, History of Scotland, vol. 3., p. 453; Glasglow, 1848. 3 Remonstance of the Nobility, Barons, etc., February 27, 1639, p. 14. 4 Burnet, Memoirs of the Duke of Hamilton, p. 60. 5 Prince Bismarck, in a letter now before us, of date February 21, 1875, addressed to Messrs. Fair and Smith, Edinburgh, who had sent his Excellency a copy of the National Covenant, says: “From my earliest reading of history, I well remember that one of these events that more particularly affected my feelings used to be the Covenant ¾ the spectacle of a loyal people united with their king in a solemn bond to resist the same ambitions of foreign priesthood we have to fight at the present day.”

CHAPTER - Baillie, Letters , vol., i., p. 215. 2 The facts on this head given in Bennet’s Memorial , pp. 194, 195; Calamy’s Life of Baxter , p. 143; and Reid’s History of Presb. Church in Ireland , vol. 2., p. 303, leave little doubt that the king and the Irish Roman Catholics understood one another. 3 Eikon Basilike; the Portraiture of his Sacred Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings . Page 15. London, 1649. 4 Ibid ., p. 42. 5 Dodds, The Fifty Years’ Struggle; or, the Scottish Covenanters . Pages 41, 42. London, 1868. 6 McCrie, Annals of English Presbytery , p. 145. 7 Fuller, Church History , vol. 3., p. 467. 8 Baillie, Letters , vol. 2., p. 268. 9 Hunt, Religious Thought in England , p. 199; London, 1870.

CHAPTER - Markham, Life of Lord Fairfax , p. 56; London, 1870. 2 Life of Lord Fairfax, pp. 60, 61. 3 Life of Lord Fairfax, pp. 170-175. Two Letters, etc., in King’s Pamphlet, No. 164. 4 Alexander Henderson was appointed to confer with the king. A series of papers passed between them at Newcastle on the subject of Church government, but the discussion was resultless. The king pleaded that his coronation oath bound him to uphold prelacy. Henderson replied that the Parliament and nation were willing to release him from this part of the oath. Charles denied that the Houses of Parliament had this power, and we find him maintaining this by the following extraordinary argument: “I am confident,” says he, “to make it clearly appear to you that this Church never did submit, nor was subordinate to them the Houses of Parliament, and that it was only the king and clergy who made the Reformation, the Paliament merely serving to help to give the civil sanction, All this being proved (of which I make no question), it must necessarily follow that it is only the Church of England (in whose favor I took this oath) that can release me from it.

Wherefore when the Church of England (being lawfully assembled) shall declare that I am free, then, and not before, I shall esteem myself so.” (The Papers which passed at New Castle betwixt His Sacred Majesty and Mr. Alexander Henderson, concerning the change of Church Government, Anne Dom . 1646. London, 1649. His Majesties Second Paper, p. 20.) 5 The Eikon Basilike (p. 1830) first propagated the ridiculous calumny that the Scots sold their king. It has since been abundantly proved that the 400,000 pounds paid to the Scots were due to them for service in the campaign. and for delivery of the fortresses which they held on the Border, and that this matter was arranged five months before the question of the disposal of the king’s person was decided, with which indeed it had no connection. 6History of his own Time, vol. 1., p. 55; London, 1815.

CHAPTER - For a full and able account of ecclesiastical affairs in Scotland during Cromwell’s administration, see History of the Church of Scotland during the Commonwealth , by the Rev. James Beattie: Edinburgh, 1842. 2 Clarendon, History of the Rebellion , vol. 7., p. 505. 3 Wodrow, History of Church of Scotland , vol. 1., p. 62; Glasglow, 1828. 4 Bennet, Memorial , p. 241. 5 Ibid . 6 The main provisions of the royal declaration are given in Bennet’s Memorial , ppp. 246-248. 7 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., pp. 182, 183; London, 1724.

CHAPTER - Kirkton, History of Church of Scotland, p. 60. 2 Dodds, Fifty Year’s Struggle, p. 95. 3 Burnet, History of his own Time, vol. 1., pp. 149-151.

CHAPTER - Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., pp. 57; London, 1815. 2 Wodrow, book 1., sec. 3. Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., p. 179; Edinburghed. 3 The body of Argyle was immediately on his execution, carried into the Magdalene Chapel, and laid upon a table still to be see there. 4 Burnet, vol. 1., p. 159. 5 Wodrow, book, 1., sec 4. Mr. Gurthrie’s indictment, his speech in court, and his speech on the scaffold, are all given in full in Wodrow, vol. 1.:

Glasglow, 1828. 6 See Act in Wodrow, book 1., chapter 3, sec. 2.

CHAPTER - Wodrow, book 1., chapter 3, sec. 3. 2 The Act is said to have been the suggestion of Fairfoul, Archbishop of Glasgow. (Wodrow, bk. 1., chapter 3, sec. 3.) 3 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., pp. 194, 195. 4 Kirkton, History of the Church of Scotland , pp. 64, 65. 5 Burnet, vol. 1., p. 229.

CHAPTER - So termed because the initial letters of their names form that word ¾ Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, Lauderdale. 2 Andrew Marvell, Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England , pp. 28, 29; Amsterdam, 1677. 3 Sir William Temple, Works and Letters , vol. 2., pp. 502, 503; Edinburgh, 1754. 4 Andrew Marvell, Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England , pp. 30, 31: Amsterdam, 1677. Hume, vol. 2., chapter 65. 5 Bowyer, History of King William III , p. 17; London, 1702. 6 Sir William Temple, The United Provinces , p. 185. 7 Marvell, p. 46. 8 “At last the sprig becomes a tree.” 9 Bowyer, History of William III ., vol. 1., p. 19.

CHAPTER - We find the Lords of the Committee of Trade presenting to his Majesty in Council in 1676, in the name of all the merchants in London, a list of the ships taken by the French, amounting to fifty-four, and begging his Majesty’s interference. (A List of Several Ships belonging to the English Merchants, etc .; Amsterdam, 1677.) 2 Andrew Marvell, p. 69. 3 Bowyer, History of William III , vol. 1., pp. 95-97. 4 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 2., p. 13; London, 1815. 5 The reverend Fathers of the Society have given order to erect several private workhouses in England case-hardening of consciences. The better to carry on this affair there are thousands of Italian vizard sent over, that hall make a wolf seem a sheep, and as rank a Papist as any in Spain pass for a good English Protestant.”” ¾The Popish Courant, Dec. 11th, 1678. (The Popish Courant was published alternately with the Weekly Pacquet of Advice from Rome.) 6 Hume, History Eng., chapter 67, sec. 3. Hallam, Constitut. History , vol. 2., pp. 115, 116. 7 “Here is lately discovered a strange miracle, beyond that of St. Denis or St. Winifred. A gentleman first stifled and then strangled, that should afterwards get up and walk invisibly almost five miles, and then, having been dead four days before, run himself through with his own sword, to testify his trouble for wronging Catholic traitors whom he never injured.” (The Popish Courant, Dec. 3rd, 1678.) 8 The great work is now to damn that plot which we could not go through with.” (The Popish Courant, Feb. 24th, 1679.) The Weekly Pacquet of Advice from Rome was at this time seized by order of the court, and the author punished for printing without a license; the celebration of the 5th of November was suppressed, and it was forbidden to mention the Popish plot, unless it were to attribute it to the Protestant fanatics. 9 Burnet, History of his own Time, vol. 2., pp. 19, 50. 10 Bennet, Memorial, p. 283. 11 Hume, History Eng., chapter 69, sec. 5. 12 Burnet, History of his own Time, vol. 2., pp. 206-209. 13 Ibid ., vol. 2., p. 216. 14 Ibid ., vol. 2., pp. 314, 315. 15 Bennet, Memorial , pp. 290, 291. 16 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 2., p. 274. 17 Misson, Travels, in Italy , vol. 2., part i., p. 218. 18 “Regnaturus a tergo frater, alas Carolo ad coelum addidit.” (Misson, vol.2., part 2., p. 666.) 19 Misson, vol. 2., part 2., p. 670.

CHAPTER - Wodrow, vol. 2., pp. 17, 18; Glasg., 1830. Kirkton, pp. 229-231.

Blackadder, Memoirs , p. 136. 2 Kirkton, History , pp. 234-236. 3 The declaration is given in Wodrow, vol. 2., p. 25. 4 Kirkton, pp. 242, 245. Burnet, vol. 1., p. 303. 5 Wodrow, History , vol. 2., p. 20. 6 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., p. 303. 7 Wodrow, History , vol. 2., pp. 48-51. Kirkton, History , pp. 248, 249. 8 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., p. 304. 9 The boot consisted of four narrow boards nailed together so as to form a case for the leg. The limb being laid in it, wedges were driven down, which caused intolerable pain, and frequently mangled the leg to the extent of bruising both bone and marrow. 10 Wodrow, History , vol. 2., p. 53. 11 Kirkton, History , p. 249.

CHAPTER - Kirkton, History pp. 256, 257. 2 Burnet, History of his own Time , vol. 1., p. 306. 3 Ibid ., pp. 307-309. Kirkton, History , pp. 269-271. 4 Blackadder, Memoirs , MS. Copy.

CHAPTER - Wodrow, History of Church of Scotland , book ii., chapter 12. Aikman, History of Scotland , vol. 4., p. 603. 2 Aikman, History of Scotland, vol. 4., p. 603. 3 Wodrow, History of Ch. of Scotland, book ii., ch. 13. 4 Kirkton, History , pp. 390, 391. 5 Aikman, History of Scotland , vol. 5., p. 5. 6 We have quoted a few only of the authorities consulted in the compilation of this brief sketch of the Twenty-eight years’ Persecution. For the information of other than Scottish readers, we may state that details comprehending the dying speeches of the martyrs are to be found in the Scots Worthies, Naphtali, Cloud of Witnesses, De Poe, Simpson’s Traditions, Dodd’s Fifty Years’ Struggle, McCrie’s History of the Scottish Church, etc. etc.

At p. 606 we give an engraving of the Martyrs’ Monument, Edinburgh. Upon the slab of the monument are inscribed the following earnest verses and the notes accompanying them: “Halt, passenger, take heed what you do see.

This tomb doth show for what some men did die. “Here lies interr’d the dust of those who stood ‘Gainst perjury, resisting unto blood; Adhering to the Covenants, and laws Establishing the same; which was the cause Their lives were sacrific’d unto the lust Of Prelatists abjur’d. Though here their dust Lies mixt with murderers, and other crew, Whom justice justly did to death pursue:

But as for them, no cause was to be found Worthy of death, but only they were sound, Constant and steadfast, zealous, witnessing For the Prerogatives of CHRIST their KING.

Which Truths were seal’d by famous Guthrie’s head, And all along to Mr. Renwick’s blood.

They did endure the wrath of enemies, Reproaches, torments, deaths and injuries.

But yet they’re those who from such troubles came, And now triumph in glory with the LAMB. “From May 27th, 1661, that the most noble Marquis of Argyle was beheaded, to the 17th of Feb., 1688, that Mr. JAMES RENWICK suffered; were one way or other Murdered and Destroyed for the same Cause, about Eighteen thousand, of whom were execute at Edinburgh, about an hundred of Noblemen, Gentlemen, Ministers and Others: noble Martyrs for JESUS CHRIST. The most of them lie here. “For a particular account of the cause and manner of their Sufferings, see the Cloud of Witnesses, Crookshank’s and Defoe’s Histories.”

The opened book below the slab contains certain texts from The Revelation of St. John, namely, 6:9-11; a part of 7:14; and a part of 2:10.

At the very foot of the monument we are told that “This Tomb was first erected by James Cuttle, Merchant in Pentland, and others, 1706:

Renewed, 1771.”

CHAPTER - Burnet, History, vol. 2., p. 280. 2 Burnet, History , vol. 2., p. 281. 3 Bowyer, History James II , p. 10. 4 Ibid , p. 11. 5 Burnet, History, vol. 2., p. 290. 6 Bowyer, History James II , pp. 33, 34. Burnet. History , vol. 2., p. 315.

Bennet, Memorial , pp. 299-301. 7 Bennet, Memorial , pp. 303-305. 8 Bowyer, History James II , p. 48. 9 Burnet, History vol. 2., pp. 331, 332.

CHAPTER - Bowyer, History James II , p. 61. 2 King, State of Ireland — apud Bennet’s Memorial , p. 313. 3 Bowyer, History James II , p. 62. 4 Bowyer, History James II , p. 65. 5 Ibid ., p. 66. 6 Bowyer, History James II , p. 66. 7 Bennet, Memorial , pp. 318, 319. 8 Bowyer, History James II , pp. 70, 71. 9 Burnet, History , vol. 2., p. 341. 10 Burnet, vol. 2., pp. 342, 343. Bowyer, History James II , pp. 72, 73.

Bennet, Memorial , pp. 322, 323. 11 Burnet, vol. 2., p. 346. 12 Burnet, vol. 2, pp. 347, 348. Bowyer, History of James II , pp.77-83. 13 Bowyer, pp. 85, 86. 14 Burnet, vol. 2., p. 381. Bowyer, p. 123. 15 They wereKen, Bishop of Bath and Wells, Lloyd of St. Asaph, Turner of Ely, Lake of Chichester, White of Peterborough, and Trelawney of Bristol. The primate was William Sancroft. 16 Burnet, vol. 2., p. 436. Bowyer, pp. 162, 163. 17 Bowyer, p. 164.