ATTACHING TO WYLIE’S “HISTORY OF PROTESTANTISM” WITH ADDITIONAL DATES. COMPILED BY D. H. BOGGIS.
43 Roman Invasion of Britain.
61 Nero becomes Emperor of Rome.
64 Great fire of Rome blamed on Christians.
68 Suicide of Nero. Accession of Marcus Aurelius.
70 Jerusalem destroyed by Roman general Titus.
96 Christians persecuted by Roman Emperor Domitian.
177 Persecution of Christians in Europe.
250 Persecution of Christians under Roman Emperor Decius.
284 Diocletian becomes Emperor of Rome.
300 Christianity introduced into Armenia.
303 Beginning of persecution of Christians by Diocletian.
305 Constantine the Great succeeds Diocletian as Roman Emperor.
311 Constantine made king of Italy.
312 Constantine declares belief in the God of the Christians.
313 Edict of Milan — Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity.
325 300 fathers of the Roman church meet at Nicea. Evangelical Martin of Tours born.
330 Constantinople founded in honour of Constantine and dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
331 Seat of Roman Empire moved to Constantinople.
364 Roman Empire divided into East and West divisions.
374 Ambrose made bishop of Milan, Italy.
381 Church council of Constantinople asserts Deity of the Holy Spirit.
397 Death of Ambrose. Northern Italy severs connections with the Church of Rome.
430 Persecution of Christians in Persia.
431 Church council of Ephesus declares the Divinity and Humanity of Christ.
440 Accession of Pope Leo the Great during whose reign the church of Rome became an ecclesiastical principality.
445 Manifesto of Emperor Valentine III makes bishop of Rome supreme among bishops.
455 Rome sacked by vandals.
461 Death of Leo the Great.
481 Accession of Clovis the Great as king of France.
496 Baptism of Clovis king of the Franks, with 3,000 of his subjects at Rheims, France.
555 Pope Pelagius I complains that the bishops of Turin do not go to Rome for ordination.
563 St. Columba in lone to convert the Picts.
590 Gregory I made Pope- promulgated the doctrine of purgatory. — Nine bishops of northern Italy reject the communion of the Pope.
596 Pope Gregory sends the monk Augustine to England.
606 Edict of Phocas declaring the bishop of Rome the successor of Peter and therefore Vicar of Christ.
653 Beginning of Paulicians — a break-away from the corrupt Eastern church.
664 England attached to the Roman church.
732 Charles Martel, ruler of the Franks assists the Pope by subduing the Muslim Saracens advancing on Rome.
751 Pepin, son of Charles Martel crowned king of the French.
754 Pepin subdues the Lombards advancing on Rome from northern Italy and donated lands to the papacy thus creating a papal state.
771 Accession of Charlemagne as king of France.
774 Charlemagne, son of Pepin subdues Lombards again and ceded their territory to Rome.
776 ‘Discovery’ of the testament of Emperor Constantine in which he is alleged to have given imperial power the Lateran Palace and the city of Rome to the see of Peter.
792 The worship of images decreed by the second council of Nice, Italy.
800 Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the West. — Sale of indulgences in Rome by Pope Leo III.
824 Emperor Louis the Pious of France summons council to Paris to discuss Matthew 16:16 and the question of images, the eucharist, etc.
829 Anschar takes the gospel to Sweden.
831 Abbot of Corbel publishes treatise saying that the actual body and blood of Christ are present in the sacraments. This refuted by Claudius, bishop of Turin, northern Italy.
838 Picts and Scots unite under one crown.
845 Decretals of Isidore allegedly found. (These were forged letters of early pastors of the church of Rome speaking of the supremacy of the pope.
845-880 The Paulicians wage civil war in Constantinople because of persecution.
863 Request from king of Moravia (Czechoslovakia) to the Greek Emperor for teachers of the Bible.
911 King of the Franks makes treaty with the Northmen who then settle in Normandy.
973 Christianity permitted in Bohemia.
1022 Massacre by burning of Christians in Orleans, France.
1049 Council of Vercelliunder, Pope Leo IX denounces Berengarius of Tours, France who opposed doctrine of transubstantiation — again 1050 in Paris, 1055 in Tours, 1059 in Rome, 1063 in Rouen and 1075 in Poitiers.
1059 Bishops of Milan submit to Rome but Waldenses refuse to do so.
1066 Norse pirates, having settled in Normandy, cross over to England. William of Normandy becomes William I of England.
1073 Dictatus of Pope Gregory VIII (27 theses on papal omnipotence).
1076 Emperor Henry IV of Germany submits to Pope’s temporal authority.
1079 Pope Gregory VIII forbids Scripture in native tongue to Hungary.
1080 Emperor Henry IV of Germany quarrels with Pope Gregory VIII and sets up anti-Pope Clement III.
1087 Death of William I. Accession William II of England.
1088 Death of Berengarius of Tours, France.
1096 First Holy Land crusade instigated by Pope Urban II.
1100 The Nobla Leycon — confession of faith in verse taught by the Waldenus. — Arnold of Brescia, Italy born — he urged return tothe simplicity of the New Testament. — Death of William II. Accession of Henry I of England.
1106 Tauchinus preaches the true gospel in Antwerp, Holland.— Henry V of Germany becomes Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1119 Council of Toulouse, France, called by the Pope, excommunicates all who hold the sentiments of the Albigenses of N. France.
1123 First Lateran council in Rome suppressed simony and the marriage of priests.
1126 Peter de Bruys burned to death for his faith in God at St. Giles, Toulouse, France.
1135 Death Henry I of England. Accession of Stephen.
1139 Excommunication of the Albigenses of France renewed at the second general council of the Lateran under Pope Innocent III.
1145 Pope Eugene III proclaims second Holy Land crusade.
1150 circa. Swedish Church linked with Rome.
1153 Treaty of Constance. King Frederick of Germany and Pope Eugene III allied against Arnold of Brescia, Italy.
1154 Death of King Stephen of England. Accession of Henry III of Anjou. — Nicholas Breakspeare of England becomes Pope Adrian IV.
1155 Arnold of Brescia, Italy seized and burnt at the stake.
1170 Peter Waldo of Lyons, France preaches from the Scriptures. — Rules for canonization of saints set out by Pope Alexander III. — Dominic, founder of the Dominicans born at Arragon, Spain.
1179 Third general council of the Lateran, Rome under Pope Alexander III enjoins princes to make war on heretics.
1180 Romaunt version of the New Testament published in France, 1181 Crusade launched against the Albigenses of France.
1182 Francis, founder of the Franciscans, born at Assissi, Italy.
1189 Death Henry II. Accession Richard I of England. Third Holy Land crusade.
1198 Pope Innocent III wins victory over Germany and assumes the triple crown (over bishops, kings and people).
1199 Death Richard I. Accession King John of England.
1204 Fourth Holy Land crusade.
1205 Dispute between King John of England and the Pope as to who should be supreme.
1209 Pope Innocent III excommunicates King John of England. — Destruction of Beziers, France and annihilation of the Albigenses.
Inquisitors sent out from Rome.
1213 King John of England cedes the crown of England and Ireland to the Pope.
1215 Magna Carta. The English Barons force King John to revoke the vow of vassalage to the Pope. — Franciscan order of monks formed at Rome. — Dogma of transubstantiation formed at the fourth Lateran council at Rome. — Fourth Lateran council, Rome confirm order of inquisition.
1216 Death of King John, Accession of infant Henry III of England.
1218 Dominican order of monks formed at Rome.
1219 Albigensian war renewed in France. Franciscan friars come to England.
1224 Accession Louis IX of France, Sixth Holy Land crusade.
1229 Carmelite friars come to England. Council of Toulouse, France under Cardinal of St. Angelo places inquisitors in every city of France and condemns Bible reading.
1233 Work of inquisition given to Dominicans.
1270 Seventh and last Holy Land crusade.
1272 Death Henry III. Accession Edward I of England.
1276 Year of the three popes of Rome — Innocent V, Gregory X and Adrian V.
1290 Archbishop Henry of Ghent, Netherlands publishes a book denouncing the papacy.
1294 Accession Pope Boniface VIII who declared it necessary to salvation to be subject to the Roman pontiff.
1296 Pope forbids clerics to pay taxes to temporal powers.
1302 Papal Bull declares papal authority supreme.
1307 Death Edward I. Accession Edward II of England.
1309 Pope changes residence to Avignon, France.
1316 Election of Pope John XlII of Rome.
1321 Dominican (Black) friars enter England.
1322 Nicholas of Lyria preaches the gospel in the Netherlands.
1324 John Wicliffe born in Wicliffe, Yorkshire, England.
1327 Edward II of England deposed. Accession Edward III.
1332 Pope John XVll orders inquisitors to rout out the Waldenses.
1333 Fitzralph, Chancellor of Oxford, England opposes the Black Friars.
1334 Accession Pope Benedict XII at Rome.
1340 Beginning of Waldenses settlement in Calabria, S. Italy.
1347 Fitzralph made Bishop of Armagh, Ireland. Charles IV, Emperor of Germany founds University in Prague, Austria.
1348 Outbreak of plague that swept Asia and Europe.
1349 The plague reaches England.
1352 Pope Clement VI sends inquisitors to the Waldenses in the Cottian Alps.
1353 Statute of Praemunire asserts the supremacy of the crown in the management of church affairs in England.
1360 Wicliffe made Master of Balliol College, Oxford, England.
1360 Wicliffe begins opposition to mendicant friars in England. Annual payment to the Pope, promised by King John of England terminated. Death of Fitzralph in Ireland.
1362 Urban V becomes Pope of Rome.
1365 Wicliffe made head of Canterbury Hall, Oxford, England.
1366 Pope demands annual payment from England.Edward III’s parliament in England refuses payment to the Pope.
1373 Commission from English King Edward III to the Pope with complaints about benefices. Birth of John Huss in Hussinetz, Bohemia. Pope Gregory XI complains to Charles V of Germany about the Waldenses.
1374 Royal commission in England to enquire into the number of benefices of the church held by aliens and to estimate their value.
Death of Milicius, Protestant Canon of Prague Cathedral.
1375 Waldenses attack popish city of Susa.
1376 Death at the stake decreed by Pope in Bohemia for those who celebrate communion in their own tongue, 1377 Formation of Lollards in England. Wicliffe cited to appear at St.
Paul’s, London, England to answer for his teaching. Pope issues three Bulls designed to silence Wicliffe in England. Death of Edward III of England. Accession Richard II aged eleven. Pope returns to live at Rome.
1378 Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, England summons Wicliffe to appear before him. Two popes in Peter’s chair at Rome — Clement VII a Frenchman and Urban VI an Italian — following death of Gregory Xl.
1380 English parliament forbids sending of revenues from English benefices abroad.
1381 Wicliffe posts up at Oxford, England twelve propositions denying transubstantiation.
1382 Synod under Archbishop Courtenay convened in England to try Wicliffe. Wicliffe appeals to King and parliament against his sentence. — Act of heresy passed by King Richard II of England empowering bishops to imprison Lollards. Wicliffe’s English translation of the Bible completed.
1384 Death of Wicliffe in England.
1390 Writings of Wicliffe reach Bohemia.
1393 John Huss attains B.A. degree in Bohemia. Accession Henry IV who passed a law to burn Heretics. Huss made B.D. in Bohemia.
1395 Lollards petition English parliament for a reformation in religion.
1396 Huss becomes M.A. in Bohemia.
1397 Settlement of Calmar — union of Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
1398 John Huss preaches Wicliffism in Prague, Bohemia.
1399 Richard II of England deposed. Accession Henry IV. John Alasco born in Poland.
1400 Inquisitor BoreIll attacks Waldenses at the Pragelas. Three popes reigning, one Italian, one French, one Spanish. — Jerome of Prague takes Wicliffe writings to Bohemia. — John Huss begins to preach in Bohemia against miracles, relics, indulgences, etc. William Sawtree, first martyr in England burnt at the stake in London.
1402 Huss appointed preacher at Bethlehem Chapel, Prague, Bohemia.
1404 James and Conrad of Canterbury, England arrive in Prague, Bohemia.
1406 James Risby, follower of Wicliffe martyred — first Scots martyr.
1407 William Thorpe martyred in England.
1408 Constitution of Archbishop Arundel against heretics published in Oxford, England.
1409 John Badby of Worcester, England burnt at the stake in London.
1409 Cardinal of Bordeaux comes to England to persuade King Henry IV to help France to compel Pope Gregory XII to resign. — General council at Pisa, Italy deposes two popes and elects Cardinal of Milan as Pope Alexander V. John Huss leaves Prague, Bohemia on account of Pope’s summons to answer for his doctrine.
1410 Archbishop Arundel of Canterbury, England commands church bells to ring in praise of the Virgin Mary.
1410 Archbishop Arundel visits Oxford, England to stamp out Lollards.
Two Bohemians killed for opposing indulgences.
1413 Death Henry IV England. Accession Henry V. Evangelical Lord Cobham arraigned before Arundel in London, England. — Lollards in England increasing in numbers. — Lord Cobham imprisoned in Tower of London, England. Wicliffe’s writings condemned by Pope John XXIII. Emperor Sigismund comes to throne in Bohemia.
1414 Law passed in England condemning all who read the Bible in English. — Death of Archbishop Arundel in London, England.
Edict of English Archbishop Chicheley condemning Lollards as heretics. Egged on by Chicheley, on orders from the Pope, Henry V of England wages war on the French and wins battle of Agincourt. Council of Constance called by Emperor Sigismund of Bohemia to heal the schism in the Roman church and put down heresy. Emperor Sigismund guarantees safe conduct to Constance for John Huss of Bohemia to attend the council.
1415 John Claydon condemned by Archbishop Chichaley of England and burnt at the stake. Pope John XXIII deposed by general council of Christendom. John Huss, 26 days after his arrival in Constance, arrested, tried and burnt at the stake. Arrest of Jerome, friend of Huss of Bohemia. Jerome of Bohemia tried before the Council of Constance and burnt at the stake.
1417 Lord Cobham recaptured in Wales and martyred. Henry V of England again makes war on France and captures Normandy.
Council of Constance deposes Benedict XIII and elects Martin V as Pope of Rome — end of schism. Pope Martin V condemns Wicliffe’s writings.
1419 Beginning of the Hussite wars between Bohemia and the armies of the Roman church. First crusade sponsored by the Pope led by Sigismund against Ziska, captain of the Bohemian army.
1420 Second Hussite- Bohemia- crusade.
1421 Diet at Czaslau Bohemia for the setting in order of national affairs.
1422 Wm. Taylor accused of heresy in England and burnt at the stake.
Death in France of Henry V of England. Accession Henry VI.
1425 Beginning of printing in Europe.
1426 Third Hussite crusade and triumph of Hussite forces over German.
1427 Fourth Hussite crusade — Pope incites Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, England, to fight Bohemians.
1429 Procopius, Hussite commander of Bohemian forces marches into Germany.
1430 William Hovendon burnt near Tower of London, England.
1431 Englishman named John Huss martyred. Thos. Baglay vicar of Monendon burnt at Smithfield, London, England. Fifth popish crusade against Hussites in Bohemia. Paul Crawar, follower of Huss, martyred in Bohemia.
1432 Pope and Emperor Sigismund send letters of peace to the Hussites.
1434 Revolt in Rome. Pope flees to Florence. Diet of Bohemia — peace terms re-opened. Civil war in Bohemia — Battle of Lipan.
1436 Sigismund becomes Emperor of Bohemia.
1437 Death of Sigismund: Podiebrad succeeds as Emperor of Bohemia.
1447 Death Pope Eugene IV. Accession Nicholas V.
1452 Beginning of wars of the Roses in England.
1455 Taborites in Bohemia form church under the name of United Brethren and link with Waldenses.
1460 Henry VI of England defeated in civil war. Printing press set up in Basel, Switzerland.
1461 Edward of York becomes King Edward IV of England.
1469 Marriage of Ferdinand of Arragon, Spain to Isabella of Castile thus creating one kingdom in Spain.
1471 Birth of Cardinal Wolseley in England. — Henry Vl of England murdered. — Death of Podiebrad in Bohemia. Succession of Vladislav.
1472 Birth of Hugh Latimer in England.
1476 Caxton begins printing in London, England 1478 Birth of Wolfgang Capito at Hagenen, Germany.
1482 Birth of Oecolampadius at Weisberg, Germany.
1483 Death of Edward IV. Accession of Edward V, replaced by Richard III of England.
1483 Birth of Martin Luther at Eiselben, Germany. Spanish inquisition by church and state. Birth of Ulrich Zwingle in Switzerland.
1485 Richard III killed in battle. Accession Henry VII of England.
1487 Pope Innocent VIII appoints Albert Cataneo to effect the extermination of the Waldenses.
1488 Birth of Myconius at Lucerne, Switzerland. Cataneos first expedition against the Waldenses. — Louis XIV of France and Duke of Savoy, Italy, attacks Waldenus.
1489 Birth of Thos. Cranmer at Alsacton, nr Nottingham, England.
Birth of Wm. Farel nr Grenoble, Switzerland.
1491 Birth in Spain of Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits.
1494 Birth of Johannis Taussanus, reformer of Denmark.
1497 Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Pauls, London begins to teach the Scriptures in the cathedral. — Birth of Melancthon in Germany. — Luther sent to Franciscan school in Magdeburg, Germany. Birth of Olaf Paterson in Sweden.
1498 Savanarolla burnt at stake in Florence, Italy for denouncing corruptions in the Roman Church.
1499 Birth of John Alasco in Holland. Birth of Lawrence Paterson in Sweden.
1500 Zwingle goes to university in Vienna, Austria.
1501 Luther enters university at Erfurt, Germany.
1502 University of Wittemberg, Germany founded by King Frederick the Wise. Zwingle teaching at Basle, Switzerland: gains M.A. degree.
1503 Luther finds a Bible in the College library at Wittemberg, Germany.
1504 Birth of Patrick Hamilton at Kincavel, Scotland. Luther gains M.A. degree. Birth of Cardinal Hosius of Poland.
1505 Latimer enters Cambridge university, England. Birth of John Knox at Haddington, Scotland. Luther enters Augustinian convent at Erfurt, Germany.
1506 Zwingle becomes pastor at Glarus, Switzerland.
1507 Luther ordained to the priesthood of the Roman church.
1508 Luther on the teaching staff of Wittemberg university, Germany.
1509 Latimer made fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, England. Death of Henry VII of England. Accession of Henry VIII. Birth of John Calvin, Picardy, France. Birth of John Servitus, Spain.
1510 Luther in Rome sees the vanity of the Roman system. — French parliament summoned by Louis XI at Tours to decide whether or not to go to war against the Pope. Farel goes to the Sorbonne in Paris to study. Julius II succeeds as Pope in Rome.
1512 Birth of Geo Wishart in Scotland. Luther returns from Rome and gains D.D. degree in Germany. — LeFevre preaches justification by faith alone in the Sorbonne, Paris, France. LeFevre’s commentary on Paul’s epistles published in France.
1513 James IV of Scotland killed in battle on Flodden field. Death of Julius II. Accession Pope Leo X in Rome. Christian II becomes King of Denmark.
1515 Wolseley made Cardinal by the Pope and appointed legate a latere to the English court. Later made Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England. Death of Louis XII of France.
Accession Francis I. — Occolampadius preaches the true faith in Basle, Switzerland. — Bernard of Lublin declares the Protestant faith in Cracow, Poland. Pope Leo X sends delegate to Denmark and Sweden to sell indulgences.
1516 Erasmus’ Greek and Latin New Testament printed at Basle, Switzerland. Zwingle accepts post as teacher in convent of Elsieden, Switzerland. Myconius becomes rector of a small school in Zurich, Switzerland.
1517 Patrick Hamilton appointed Abbot of Ferne, Ross-shire, Scotland.
Pope Leo X begins sale of indulgences in Europe using Tetzel. — Luther nails 75 theses to church door at Wittem berg, Germany. — Briconnet, friend of LeFevre becomes Bishop of Meaux near Paris, France and makes this a centre of evangelical witness.
1518 Luther summoned to Rome to answer chargesAGAINST HIM: Venue to try Luther changed to Augsberg, Germany before Cardinal Cajetan. — Elector Frederick asks Luther to leave Saxony, Germany. Melancthon arrives at Wittemberg, Germany to teach Greek in university. — Zwingle elected preacher in the College of Canons, Zurich, Switzerland. — Bernadin Samson sent by Pope to Switzerland to sell indulgences. Monk James Knade of Dantzig, Poland becomes evangelical.
1519 Charles I of Spain elected Emperor of Germany. Duke Ulrich of Wertemberg expelled. Disputation between Dr. Eck and Carlstadt in Leipsic, Germany, Luther being a spectator. — Luther’s commentary on Galatians published. — Printing press set up in Zurich, Switzerland. — Great plague reaches Switzerland. — Jacob Spring arrested in Norway for confessing Lutherism.
1520 Melancthon marries Catherine Krapp in Germany. Luther publishes an appeal for the reformation of Christianity. — Bull of excommunication issued against Luther. — Elector Frederick of Saxony, Germany decides to protect Luther from the Pope. — Luther publicly burns the Pope’s Bull. — The Great Plague reaches France. — Briconnet, Bishop of Meaux, France becomes Protestant and publishes in his diocese a mandate to bad-living priests. — Myconius preaches in the cathedral at Berne, Switzerland. — Zwingle, Swiss priest joins Luther. — Protestant doctrines preached at Thorn, Poland. — Taussanus gains D.Theo. degree and returns from college in Wittemberg to Denmark — King Christian II of Sweden appoints Protestant Martin Reinhart as Professor of Theology at Stockholm, Sweden.
1521 Cardinal Wolseley of England publishes a Bull against Luther.
English King Henry VIII writes a denunciation of Luther and is rewarded by the Pope with the title ‘Defender of the Faith’. — Diet called at Worms, Germany by Emperor Charles V. — Second Bull of excommunication of Luther from Rome this time including his followers. — Luther summoned to appear before the Diet of Worms, Germany. — Luther abducted and taken to the castle of Wart-burg, Germany. — Melancthon’s ‘Commonplaces’ published. — Conversion of Marguerite de Valois sister of the French King Francis I. — Calvin appointed to the chaplaincy of church at Noyon, France. — Death of Pope Leo X. — Ignatius Loyola seriously wounded in battle in Spain. — Start of a series of edicts against the Lutherans in Netherlands. — Carlstadt succeeds Martin Reinhart as Professor of Theology in Stockholm, Sweden.
1522 John Knox enters Glasgow university, Scotland. Luther’s German New Testament published. Pope Adrian VI demands Luther’s death. Diet of Nuremberg, Germany provoked the ‘100 Grievances’. Luther returns to Wittemberg to stand against the Annabaptists. — LeFevre’s French New Testament completed. — Civil council of 200 in Switzerland accuses Zwingle of preaching novelties subversive to peace. — Myconius, thrust out of Lucerne, joins Zwingle in Zurich, Switzerland. Convent of Augustin monks abolished in Poland.
1523 William Tyndale goes to London to begin work on the English Bible. — Bull of Pope Clement VII confirming Henry VIII of England as Defender of the Faith. — Battle of Pavia — Charles V of Spain becomes Emperor of France. — Henry Voes, John Esch and Lambert Thorn burnt at Brussels.— Bishop Briconnet of France faced with the stake, renounces Protestantism. — The Black Death at Noyen — Calvin goes to Paris, France. — Louis de Berquin imprisoned for his faith — France. — Louis II publishes an edict confiscating the property of Lutherans in France. — Council of Zurich, Switzerland frees nuns from monasteries. — Mass abolished in Switzerland. — Great Council meets in Zurich, Switzerland to discuss the Protestant beliefs. — Printing press set up in Geneva, Switzerland. — Death Pope Adrian VI. Accession Clement VII. — Twenty articles of faith promulgated by Bohemian churches in Prague. — Loyola in Spain turns beggar and monk. — Beginning of Protestant martyrdoms in Netherlands. — Grynaus and Viezheim teach Lutherism in Hungary. — Frederick I made King of Denmark. — Christian II of Sweden deposed. Accession Gustavus Vasa.
1524 Copies of Tyndale’s gospels sent from Holland to England. — Tyndale flees from Hapsburg to Germany. The Ratisbon reformation — a meeting of the Roman Catholics to enforce the Edict of Worms against Luther. Martyrdom of Protestants in Germany following the Ratisbon reformation. — Pope Clement VII send Cardinal Campeggio to Nuremberg diet, Germany. — LeFevre’s French New Testament published. — Valley of Tockenburg, Switzerland turns Prot estant. — Resolution passed to destroy all Swiss monastic orders. Zwingle marries Anne Reinhart in Switzerland. — Images removed from Zurich, Switzerland churches. Scripture exposition begun in Swiss churches in place of choir service. Five churches in Dantzig, Poland turn Protestant. — Edict in Netherlands forbidding publishing of books without consent of government. King Christian of Denmark orders New Testament in Danish. — Taussau, shut up in a monastery in Viborg, Denmark preaches the gospel through a grating in the window and Erasmus and others are converted.
1525 Tyndale’s complete New Testament finished and sent to England.
English translation of the Bible circulated in Scotland. — German peasants revolt. — Emperor Charles V summons German princes to Augsberg. — Death of Frederick the Wise of Saxony, Germany. — LeFevre’s French Psalms completed. Pavanne burnt at the stake in France. — Swiss pastors before the Council of demand the Lord’s Supper instead of the Mass. — The Lord’s Supper celebrated at Easter in Switzerland and the confessional abolished. — Zwingle’s successful disputation with the Annabaptists in Switzerland. — Alasco of Poland in Basle with Erasmus. — Roman Catholic ‘Holy League’ formed. — John de Bakke burnt at the stake in Holland. — Law passed in Hungary that all Lutherans with their goods should be burned. Protestant school set up by Georgius Johannus in Viborg, Denmark.
1526 Diet at Spiers, Germany recognises the legal existence of Protestants. Luther marries Catherine von Bora. Calvin at college in Montaigne, Paris, France. Treaty between France and Spain.
Francis Lambert, ex-monk of Avignon, France travels through Germany and Switzerland teaching Protestantism. — Farel goes to Switzerland. — Pastor Martin sent by Waldenses to Germany to enqire about the Reformation. — Swiss Roman Catholic cantons call a diet at Baden to discredit Zwingle. — Alasco made to swear allegiance to the Roman church in Poland. — Royal decree restores Roman Catholic worship in Dantzig, Poland. — Loyola at University of Alcala, Spain. — Charles V of Spain makes war on the Pope. — New testament in Swedish published. — Edict in the Netherlands ordering Lutheran books to be burnt. — Turks advance on Hungary. — Taussan, expelled from the monastery, preaches the gospel openly in Denmark. Conference at Uppsala, Sweden to discuss the Protestant and Roman Catholic faiths.
1527 Thomas Bilney and Arthur arrested and brought before Cardinal Wolseley and burnt at the stake in England. — Patrick Hamilton returns to Scotland from College in Marburg, Germany. — Emperor Frederick I decrees in Germany that both faiths are to be tolerated. — Calvin converted through reading the Bible brought to him by his cousin Olivetan — France. — Great Council of Berne, Switzerland holds conference on religion. — Sack of Rome by German and Spanish troops under Emperor Charles V. — Synod of Lenezyca recommends the restoration of the inquisition in Poland. — Dr. Eck invited to Denmark by Roman Catholic bishops to help silence Taussannus. — First Danish hymnbook published. — Swedish diet adopts Protestantism as the national religion. — King Gustavus Vasa summons meeting of the Estates of Sweden to compel the clergy to pay taxes. — Frederick I of Sweden calls a meeting of the Estates to force the R.C. bishops to get rid of fables and preach only the Bible. Reformation in Denmark and Sweden. — Henry VIII of England seeks annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Arragon.
1528 Patrick Hamilton martyred in Scotland. Luther’s smaller catechism printed in Germany. Loyola in College in Paris, France. Berne, Switzerland becomes Protestant. Images removed from churches in Constance, Switzerland. — Council of 200 in Switzerland appoint two synodal meetings per year. — France and England declare war on Spain. — Pope makes peace with Emperor Charles V at Barcelona, Spain. — Psalms translated for singing in Danish. — Coronation of Protestant King Gustav Vasa in Uppsala, Sweden.
1529 Commission in London, England to debate the divorce of King Henry VIII. — Accusation, founded on the Act of Praemunire against Cardinal Wolseley of England. — King Henry VIII of England asks his universities what the Bible says about divorce. — Diet convoked at Spiers, Germany to repeal the Edict of Spiers of 1526. — Declaration ofPROTEST at Diet of Spiers that “God speaking through His Word and not Rome speaking through her priests is the one supreme law for all mankind”. — Confession of Marburg signed by Zwinglians and Lutherans to heal the breach over the ‘real presence’ in the sacraments. — Protestors send copy of their Confession to Emperor Charles V. — Arrest of the three messengers to Charles V — Germany. — Invasion of the Turks repelled at Vienna, Austria. — Louis de Barquirt martyred in France. — Death of Calvin’s father. Calvin leaves Bourges, France. — Schaffhausen, Switzerland turns Protestant. — Basle, Switzerland becomes Protestant and all images destroyed.- — League of five Swiss cantons with Austria. — Completion of Christian Co-burghery in Switzerland. — Martyrdom of the reformed Pastor Keysa in Switzerland. — New state of reformed federation formed in Switzerland. — Zwingle declares war on Roman Catholic cantons in Switzerland and later the same year’ peace treaty made. — Luther’s translation of the Scriptures into Low Dutch published. — Theological college established at Malmoe, Denmark. — New translation of Danish New Testament printed at Antwerp. Taussan moves to temple of St.
Nicholas, Copenhagen, Denmark.
1530 Death of Cardinal Wolseley of England. Protestant confession read before the King at Diet of Augsberg, Germany. — . Torgau articles of Protestant faith drawn up just prior to the Augsberg Diet. — League of Schmalkald formed — a Protestant confederacy of nations and states in Europe. — Ban of Augsberg, Germany against Lutheranism. — Farel at Neuchatel, France. — George Morel of the Waldenses visits the Swiss reformers. — Charles V Emperor of Spain is crowned King of Lombardy and Emperor of the Romans. — Frederick I of Denmark calls heads of both religions to Copenhagen to discuss the different faiths.
1531 Cromwell, at the bidding of King Henry VIII of England declares all the English bishops in violation of the law of praemunire. — Protestant League of Schmalkald renewed in Germany. — Margaret, Queen of Navarre orders preaching in Paris, France. — Death in battle of Zwingle, of Switzerland. — War between Forest and Reformed cantons in Switzerland. — Matthias Devay returns from Wittemburg to Hungary and preaches the gospel. — Olag Paterson’s ‘Missal’ (Protestant liturgy) pub- lished in Sweden. — Protestant Lawrence Paterson made Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden. Inquisition in Portugal.
1532 Law against heretics laid down by Henry IV of England repealed. — Henry VIII declared Head of the Church of England. New ecclesiastical laws formed. — League between Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France. — Martyrdom of Henry Forest at St. Andrews, Scotland. — Peace of Ratisbon in Germany gives Lutherans freedom of worship. — Duke Ulrich and his son Christopher restored to Wurtemberg, Germany (after the R.C.s had driven them from home) by Protestants and join the Schmalkald League. — Farel, thrown out of Geneva, Switzerland sends in Froment who opens a school. — Liberty of worship proclaimed in Switzerland. — Synod of Protestants with the Waldenses meet at Chamforans. — Ex-King Christian II of Denmark attempts to recover the throne. Frederick I of Denmark joins Schmalkald League.
1533 John Fryth martyred in England. Cranmer made Archbishop of Canterbury, England. — Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn in London, England. — Pope excommunicates Henry VIII of England. — Birth of Elizabeth I of England. — The Gospel preached in the Sorbonne, Paris, France. — Calvin escapes from Paris and goes to Angouleme, France. — Marriage of Catherine de Medici and Prince Henry, Duke of Orleans, France. — William Farel in Geneva, Switzerland again. — Council of Geneva.
Switzerland swear to kill all Protestants. — People of Lausanne, Switzerland prefer 23 charges against canons and priests. — Taussan of Denmark proscribed by the priests but this action prevented by the people. Death of Frederick I of Sweden.
1534 Act passed in England that bishops may be consecrated without authority from Rome. — Payments of money to Rome from England forbidden. — Paper denouncing the mass placarded in Paris, France and many Protestants burnt at the stake in consequence. — French parliament passes law to burn all Protestants. — 300 Lutherans imprisoned in Paris, France, — Calvin at Poictiers, France, thence to Paris and then to Germany. — Calvin resigns all positions in the church of Rome and breaks all ties with the papacy. — Protestant churches in Paris, France closed and people flee the country. — Francis I of France calls Council at Arragon, Spain with proposal to unite Protestantism with Rome. — Priests in Geneva, Switzerland order all Bibles to be burnt. — Plot by R.C. bishops in Geneva, Switzerland arid Duke of Savoy, Italy, to kill all Protestants, discovered and foiled. — Death of Pope Clement VII. Paul III succeeds. — Loyola with nine disciples vows to convert the saracens. Forms the Society of Jesus — the Jesuits. Accession of Christian III to the Swedish throne.
1535 The Prior of Charterhouse, England with his monks executed at Tyburn. Execution of Dr. John Fisher and Sir Thomas More in England. — Anabaptists at Munster, Germany defeated by princes of the Rhine provinces. — Margaret de Valois escapes from Paris and goes home to Berne. — King Francis I of France processes through Paris and witnesses martyrdoms. Olivetan’s French Bible printed at Neuchatel by Picard. — The mass forbidden and the popish faith ceases to be the religion of Geneva, Switzerland. Duke of Savoy, Italy blockades Geneva.
1536 Coverdale’s English Bible printed. Report of the commission investigating the state of abbeys and monasteries in England. — Act of Dissolution of English monasteries passed. — Anne Boleyn beheaded. Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour. — Tyndale burnt at the stake in Belgium. — Death of Erasmus in France. — Calvin’s Institutes first published in Switzerland. — Calvin arrives again in Geneva, Switzerland, — Geneva accepts Calvin’s confession of faith. — Soldiers from Berne and other Swiss towns go to the relief of Geneva. — John Alasco renounces Romanism — in Poland. — Diet of the Estates in Copenhagen, Denmark. Reformed faith established.
1537 Charles III of Savoy, Italy gives consent to the Archbishop of Turin to hunt down the Waldenses. — Norway submits to King Christian III of Sweden. — First printing press set up in Hungary prints rudiments of the Gospel for children.
1538 Royal order by Henry VIII of England to place an English Bible in every church. — Farel and Calvin banished from Geneva, Switzerland because of their refusal to dispense the Lord’s Supper to the libertines. Conference between Roman Catholics and Protestants at Schasburg, Hungary.
1539 Bonner made Archbishop of London, England. Emperor Charles III invites Protestants to a meeting to try to effect conciliation between the two faiths. — Death of George, Duke of Saxony, Germany. Succession of his Protestant brother Henry. — Saxony joins the Schmalkald League. — Calvin marries Idelette de Bure. — Royal decree in Poland establishes liberty of the press.
1540 Cromwell hanged in England. Convention called by Roman Catholics at Worms, Germany. presided over by King Ferdinand of Spain to try to effect conciliation with Protestants. — Parliament of Aix, France passes law to extermin- ate the Waldenses settled in Provence. — Council of 200 at Geneva, Switzerland vote to ask Calvin to return to deal with the riotous city and to resume his station as preacher. — Loyola at Rome forms the constitution of the Order of, Jesuits. — Edict formulated by Emperor Charles V forbidding any rights to the Protestants of the Netherlands. — Danish Protestants send Huetsfield to Iceland to preach the gospel which eventuates in that land turning Protestant.
1541 John Knox begins reformation in Scotland. Petition by Austrian states to Ferdinand for freedom of religion in Germany. — Diet of Ratisbon again tries to effect conciliation between Protestants and Roman Catholics in Germany. — Some of the Psalms translated into French verse and published for singing. John Calvin goes to Geneva, Switzerland. Publication of the New Testament in Hungarian.
1542 Birth of Mary Stewart in Scotland, Brunswick, Germany adopts the Protestant faith. Court of Morals, formulated by Calvin, adopted in Geneva to deal with the troubles there. Jesuit college founded in Venice, Italy. Bull of Pope Paul III re-establishing the inquisition. Synod of Poitrkow, Poland decrees prohibition of students to attend Protestant universities.
1543 Act passed in the English parliament to make Bible reading lawful.
George Wishart begins preaching the Gospel in Scotland. Act in Scottish parliament to make Bible reading lawful. Twenty more Psalms in French verse published.
1544 Complete French psalter published by Calvin.
1545 Towns in Provence, France burned and sacked to kill Waldenses.
1546 George Wishart arrested by Roman Catholics in Scotland and burnt for heresy. Mass abolished in the cathedral church at Heidelburg, Germany. — Death of Luther at Eiselben, Germany. — Council of Trent called by Roman Catholics to overthrow Lutheranism. — War between Emperor Charles V and the Protestant League. Libertines again make trouble in Geneva, Switzerland.
1547 Death of King Henry VIII of England. Accession Edward VI. Act of Six Articles promoting Roman Catholic worship in England abolished. — Order to remove all images from churches in England. — John Knox made Preacher in the Castle of St.
Andrews, Scotland. — Castle of St. Andrews, Scotland besieged by Roman Catholic armies. Knox captured and taken to France. — Death of Francis I of France. Accession Henry II. — King Ferdinand I brings an army to Prague and shuts Bohemian Protestant churches. — Constitution of Danish Protestant churches drawn up. King Christian III crowned in Denmark.
1548 Cranmer’s catechism published in England. Mass abolished in England and a liturgy provided for the Communion Service. — Prayer Book of Edward VI published in England. — Calvin in correspondence with Archbishop Cranmer of England. — Interim creed presented to Germany by Charles V. — Bohemian Protestant refugees welcomes at Posen, Poland. — Some Bohemians settle in Prussia. — Continued persecution of the follower of Ziska of Bohemia. — Accession of Sigismund Augustus to the Polish throne. — John Alasco of Poland accepts Cranmer’s invitation to England. Jesuits enter Spain.
1549 Joan of Kent burnt for heresy in France. Death of Margaret de Valois in France. Death in France of Idelette de Bure, wife of Calvin. Calvin at Zurich, Switzerland to debate the Eucharist. — Zurich confession unites Protestants on the question of the real presence in the Eucharist. Death of Pope Paul III.
1550 John Alasco nominated by King Edward VI to be Superintendent of European congregations in England. — Julius IV elected Pope. — Nicholaus, rector of Knrow, Poland preaches salvation by faith alone.
1551 Quarrel between Henry II of France and Pope Julius IV. — Edict of Chateaubriand, France which re-enacted severities against Protestants. Jesuits established as teachers in Venice, Italy.
1552 Second English Prayer Book printed. Protector Somerset executed in London, England following false accusations by Roman Catholics. — Articles of religion for English churches drawn up. — Peace of Passau, Germany which decreed liberty of worship for Protestants. — Servetus publishes ‘Christianity Restored’, is arrested in Vienna, Austria and tried by the inquisition. — Revolt of Germans against Emperor Charles V. — Servetus escapes to Geneva, Switzerland where he is arrested again at the instigation of Calvin.— Land purchased in Geneva, Switzerland for the erection of a Protestant academy. — Theodore Beza joins Calvin in the work in Geneva, Switzerland. National Diet of Poland restricts judgment of church matters to the clergy.
1553 Death Edward VI of England. Accession ‘Bloody’ Mary Tudor.
England reconciled with Rome. John Alasco flees from England because of the persecutions under Queen Mary. — Cardinal Pole made legate at the English court. — Ridley, bishop of London, England imprisoned. — Cranmer under house arrest and then taken to the Tower of London, England. — Prince Radziwell of Poland becomes Protestant.— Diet in Transylvania votes in favour of Protestantism.
1554 Ridley and Latimer martyred in England. Queen Mary of England marries King Phillip of Spain. Servetus the Libertine burnt at the stake in Geneva, Switzerland.
1555 The reign of the stake in England — Rogers, Hooper and many others burnt for their faith in God. — John Knox returns to Scotland and then retires to Geneva. — Treaty of Augsberg, Germany ratifies the Peace of Passau 1552. — Emperor Charles V abdicates the throne of the Netherlands and Germany in favour of Philip II of Spain. Protestant church established in France.
Attempt by Amy Perrin to execute all foreigners in Geneva.
1556 Cardinal Pole made Archbishop of Canterbury, England. Cranmer martyred in England. Death of Loyola in Spain. John Alasco recalled to Poland by King Sigismund Augustus.
1557 First Covenant drawn up by the Protestant church in Scotland.
Martyrdom of Philibert Hamelin at Bordeaux, France.
1558 Death of Queen Mary of England. Accession Queen Elizabeth I.
Death of Cardinal Pole in England. Martyrdom of Walter Mill at St. Andrews, Scotland. John Knox advises the English court of the popish plot to overthrow first Scotland and then England.
1559 Protestant laws re-enacted in England. Act of Supremacy in England makes the monarch head of the church. — Act of Uniformity in England demands that all must join in one form of worship. — Authority of the Pope abolished in England. — Lord Cecil comes forward to help Queen Elizabeth of England. — John Knox returns to Scotland from Geneva and is declared a rebel and an outlaw. — National synod formed by Protestants in Paris, France to formulate a basis of faith. — Treaty of Chateau Cambresis between Henry II of France and Philip of Spain. — Death of King Henry II of France at a tournament. Accession Francis II. — Charles V edict of 1540 renewed by Francis II of France. — Secret Protestant church synod held in Paris, France which approved Calvin’s confession of faith. — Completion of the Protestant academy in Geneva, Switzerland. — Philip II returns to Spain. — Estates of the Netherlands demand from Philip II of Spain the removal of Spanish soldiers from their country. Margaret of Parma made Regent in the Nether- lands.
1560 States of Scotland agree suppression of Romanism. Book of Discipline of the Scottish Protestant church drawn up. — Jean D’AIbert daughter of Margaret de Valois makes profession of Protestant faith in France. — Death of Francis II of France and Spain. Accession Charles IV. — Conspiracy of Ambrose to overthrow the Guise brothers in France. — Persecution of the Waldenses in Calabria, Southern Italy. — Trial and martyrdom of John Paschale, pastor of the Waldenses in southern Italy, by the inquisitors. — Roman Catholic landlords attack Waldensee in Bioclareto. — Duke of Savoy declares war on the Waldensee. — Death of John Alasco in Poland. — Death of Gustavus Vasa in Sweden. Accession Eric XIV. — Jesuit mission to Mozambique.
1561 Mary Stuart arrives in Scotland to become Queen. — Queen Mary of Scotland celebrates mass in Holyrood Palace. — Victory against La Trinita and the Duke of Savoy by the Waldenus in the valleys. — Treaty of peace signed at Cavour between Duke of Savoy and the Waldenses. — Charles IV of France complains of missionaries in his country sent from Geneva. — Flaveau and Moffat, two ministers of the Gospel, rescued from the stake at Valencienne, Nether- lands. Subsequent indiscriminate revenge by Roman Catholic faction. — Confession of faith published by Protestants in the Netherlands. Jesuits enter Hungary.
1562 Forty-two articles of the Church of England reduced to thirtynine. — Edict of January — Huguenots in France granted freedom of religion. — Massacre of Huguenot worshippers at Vassey, Paris, Meaux, Amiens, Toulouse and elsewhere in France. First Huguenot war — Duke of Conde seizes Orleans, France.
1563 John Knox put on trial for treason in Scotland and is acquitted.
Pacification of Ambrose between Huguenots of France and the Roman Catholics. — Edict of Jean D’Albret, Queen of Navarre, France abolishing popish services in her country. — Confession of faith of the Netherlands pro- tectorate published. Prince Radziwell pays for the first edition of the Protestant Bible in Polish.
1564 Procession of Catherine de Medici through France and her meeting with the Duke of Alva with whom she discussed a plot to exterminate the Huguenots.
1565 Death of Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland.
1566 Death of Prince Radziwell, in Poland. Netherlands confession of faith revised and reprinted at Antwerp. Copy sent to King Philip II. — Compromise, a league of Netherlands noblemen, formed. — Field preachings begin in the Netherlands. — Treaty of Accord signed between Duchesse of Parma and the Protestants. — King Philip II collects an army to make war on the Protestants of the Netherlands. Vandals destroy images in churches throughout the Netherlands.
1567 Abdication of Roman Catholic Queen Mary of Scotland.
Accession of Protestant James VI under regency of Earl of Murray. — Ratification of the decree of 1560 in England. — Jesuits enter England. — Prince of Orange returns home to Nassau, Germany. — Second Huguenot war. Battle of St. Denis fought near Paris, France. Victory for the Huguenots. — Duke of Alva appointed governor of the Nether- lands in place of Margaret of Parma. Council of Tumults set up by Duke of Alva in the Netherlands.
1568 Protestant Count of Nassau, Germany wins battle at the Bay of Dollant, Netherlands. Phillip II of Spain passes sentence of death upon the whole nation of the Netherlands. — Prince of Orange refuses to answer the summons of the Duke of Alva to appear before the Council of Tumults, Netherlands. — Prince of Orange raises an army to liberate the Netherlands. — Count Louis of Nassau defeated in battle at Groningen, Netherlands. — Synod of the Netherlands Protestant church at Embden. — Counts Egmont and Horn beheaded by Philip II of Spain in the Netherlands. — Death of Eric IV. Accession John of Sweden. — Publication of the ‘Red Book’ (semi-popish liturgy) in Sweden at the instigation of the King’s Roman Catholic wife.
1569 Third Huguenot war. Battle of Jarnac. French Huguenots defeated.
Battle of Montcontour, France. Huguenots again defeated.
1570 Pope excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Assassination of Murray, regent to James VI of Scotland. — Peace again declared between Huguenots in France and the Roman Catholics. — Act of religious union signed by Protestants in Poland. — Death of Lawrence Paterson in Sweden.
1571 English parliament prohibits importation of Papal Bulls. Synod of the reformed church at La Rochelle, France.
1572 Death of John Knox in Scotland. Queen Mary of Scotland executed. Marriage of King of Navarre, France to Catherine de Medici. — Massacre of Huguenots on St. Bartholomew’s Day in Paris, France. — Death of Pope Plus V. Accession Gregory XIII. — The ‘Sea Beggars’ of the Netherlands capture Brill. — Prince of Orange made Stadtholder in Netherlands. — Prince of Orange takes Roarmonde, Netherlands. — Mechlin, Zutphen and Naarden in Netherlands sacked by Philip II of Spain. — Prince William of Orange flees to north of Holland to make a last stand against the Spanish forces of Philip.
1573 Huguenots present new demands to the French court.
Capitulation of Haarlem to the Duke of Alva in the Netherlands. — Alkmaar, Netherlands withstands the Duke of Alva. Spanish fleet defeated off Amsterdam. — States of Holland prohibit Romish religion. — Henry of Valois, Duke of Anjou elected King of Poland. Protestant convocation at Cracow, Poland.
1574 James Melville returns to Scotland to take place of Knox to help the fight against the ‘tulchan’ bishops. — Death of Charles IV of France. Accession Henry III. — Surrender of Middleburg, Netherlands to the Prince of Orange. — Leyden, Netherlands blockaded by Spanish troops. Laydon relieved by Protestants.
1575 Pastors of four Protestant communions in Poland make common creed. — Stephen Barthory crowned King of Poland. — Count Louis of Nassau slain in battle at Brabant, Netherlands. — Emperor Maximillian of Bohemia mediates between Philip II of Spain and Prince of Orange to secure peace in the Netherlands but to no avail.
1576 Treaty signed in France giving rights to Huguenots. Death of Emperor Maximillian of Bohemia. Accession Rudolph II. — Spaniards gain Netherlands off-shore islands. — Pacification of Ghent — Netherlands States unite under Prince William of Orange to fight the Spaniard under Philip II. New semi-popish liturgy published in the Netherlands.
1577 Perpetual Edict of Don John of Austria, Roman Catholic governor of the Netherlands under Philip II of Spain. — Roman Catholic synod at Poitrkow, Poland excommunicates all who hold the doctrine of religious toleration. — Formula of concord drawn up in Hungary to try to keep the peace between Protestants and Roman Catholics.
1578 Protestant preachers expelled from Vienna, Austria. Death of Don John of Austria. Succeeded in Netherlands by Duke of Parma. — Amsterdam, Netherlands declares for Prince of Orange. First National Synod of Dutch reformed church. Magistrate and monks of Amsterdam, Netherlands forbidden entry into the city.
1579 Protestant union of Utrecht uniting several states of the Netherlands under the Protestant banner. Congress at Cologne.
King Philip! 1 of Spain meets Netherlands National States.
1580 Tulchan bishops in Scotland replaced by Pastors. Death of Emmanuel Philibert of France. King Philip II of Spain fulminates ban against Prince of Orange and offers reward for his assassination.
1581 Scottish National Covenant signed by King and people to resist popery. Prince of Orange made King of Holland and Zealand and Philip of Spain rejected.
1582 Duke of Anjou made sovereign over the central states of the Netherlands. Attempt made on the life of Prince of Orange — Netherlands.
1583 Birth in the Netherlands of Wallenstein. Somerville attempts to kill Queen Elizabeth! of England.
1584 Parry executed for treason in England. Scottish parliament decrees that no ecclesiastical assemblies should meet without Royal permission. Prince of Orange of the Netherlands assassinated.
1585 English Earl of Leicester goes to Holland. Netherlands makes treaty with Elizabeth I of England.
1586 Babington Plot to kill Queen Elizabeth I of England. The perpetrators, including Mary Stewart, executed. Death of Stephen Bathory of Poland. Accession Sigismund III.
1587 Earl of Leicester’ returns from Holland to England. Death of Henry Ill of France. Prince Maurice of Nassau made Governor of the Netherlands.
1588 Spanish Armada defeated by the English fleet. Two brothers Guise assassinated in France.
1589 Death Catherine de Medici. Accession of Henry of Navarre as Henry IV of France.
1590 Duke of Parma goes to the Netherlands from Spain to try to gain lost territory. Battle of Ivry. Henry of Navarre regains Paris, France.
1592 Death of Duke of Parma in the Netherlands. End of Spanish rule.
Death of King John of Sweden. Accession Sigismund. Swedish parliament restores Presbyterian church government.
1593 Henry IV of France turns Roman Catholic. Church synod called by Duke Charles at Uppsala, Sweden accepts Luther’s catechism.
Rejection of the ‘Red Book’ by church synod in Sweden.
1594 Jesuits banished from France after the failure of their plot to kill Henry IV. King Sigismund of Sweden reluctantly signs the Uppsala declaration.
1598 Edict of Nantes, France giving liberty of conscience to Protestants and Catholics alike.
1602 Arminius becomes Professor of Divinity at Leyden, France.
1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth I of England. Accession James VI of Scotland as James I of England.
1604 Puritan ministers ejected from livings in England. Accession Charles IX of Sweden.
1605 Gunpowder plot to blow up the English parliament and restore popish government.
1608 Formation in Germany of the Protestant union to help maintain the Pacification Treaty.
1609 Formation of Catholic League to counter the Protestant union.
1610 Orders of church government called the ‘Prelacy’ set up in Scotland. Murder of Henry IV of France. Succession Louis XIII.
1611 Authorised Version of the Bible printed in England. Protestant nobles meet at Saumur, France to elect two men to represent them in parliament. Disputation at the Hague, Holland between Calvinists and Arminians. Death Charles IX of Sweden. Accession Gustavus Adolphus.
1612 Last recorded burning of heretics in England.
1617 Protestant Navarre annexed to Roman Catholic France.
1618 Five articles of Perth, Scotland drawn up to pave the way for a return to Romanism. Beginning of 30 years war between Romanists and Protestants in France and Germany. Jesuit trained Ferdinand II crowned King of Bohemia. Protestants in Bohemia arm themselves and attack council members for violating the Royal Charter. National Synod held at Dort, Netherlands to examine the reformation in view of the rise of Arminianism.
1619 Protestant Prince of Transylvania, Gabriel Bethlen, captures Kaschau, Piesburg and Olden-burg and makes truce with Ferdinand.
1620 Pilgrim Fathers leave England for America in the ‘Mayflower’.
Protestants in Bohemia beaten in battle with Ferdinand.
1621 French Roman Catholic armies advance on Protestant Berne and Navarre. Peace arranged between Bernese and the French. Society for ‘the propagation of the faith and the extirpation of heretics’ established in Italy by Pope Gregory XV.
1625 Death James I of England. Accession Charles I. Treaty between England and Holland. Cardinal Richlieu attacks the Huguenots.
Beginning of assault on Protestant city of La Rochelle, France.
1627 Second siege of La Rochelle, France.
1628 Surrender to Romanists of La Rochelle, France.
1629 Edict of restitution in France restoring church buildings to the Romanists. Death of Louis XIII of France. Accession Louis XIV aged under 4. Regency of Queen Mother helped by Cardinal Mazorin, disciple of the now deceased Cardinal Richlieu. Death Prince Bethlen, Bohemia.
1630 The Plague comes to the Waldense valleys. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden brings an army to Germany to oppose the Catholic league.
1631 Magdeburg, Germany, captured by armies of the Catholic league.
Treaty of Balwarde — Cardinal Mazorin of France grants subsidy to Gustavus of Sweden.
1632 Death of Sigismund King of Poland. Accession Vladislav IV.
Gustavus King of Sweden captures Augsburg, Germany. Death of Gustavus in battle. Accession Oxenstierna as general.
1633 Senate of Sweden passes resolution to prosecute war against Romanism.
1634 Death of Wallenstein of Bohemia.
1637 Introduction into Scottish church of near Romanist liturgy only for it to be rejected by the people. Death of Ferdinand II of Bohemia.
Accession Ferdinand III.
1638 Charles I of England and Scotland forced to call a General Assembly of Scotland to dissolve the prelacy and divorce church rule from the crown.
1639 Scottish National Covenant amended to fit the present need and again subscribed.
1640 Charles I of England calls the ‘Long Parliament’ to vote him supplies for war with Scotland. Star Chamber abolished in England. Battle of Newburn on Tyne. Peace Treaty signed with Charles I of England. Scottish National Covenant ratified by Charles I.
1641 Massacre of Protestants by Catholics in Ireland.
1642 Beginning of English civil wars. Solemn League and Covenant drawn up by Scots and English to secure a free Parliament and Church.
1643 Westminster Confession of Faith drawn up in England.
1644 Battle of Marston Moor — Scots and English parliamentary forces win battle from the English crown. — Prince George Rakotzy of Transylvania declares war on Ferdinand III of Bohemia.
1645 Execution of Archbishop Laud of England.
1646 Charles I of England taken prisoner by Cromwell.
1647 Westminster Confession of Faith accepted by Church of Scotland.
Death of Cardinal Mazorin of France.
1648 Peace of Westphalia — end of Thirty Years War.
1649 Charles I of England beheaded.
1650 Capuchin monks descend on Waldense valleys.
1653 Cromwell appointed Lord Protector of England.
1655 Cromwell of England proclaims a fast on behalf of the Waldenses and writes to the Protestant princes of Europe for help for them. — Gastaldo orders the Waldenses to retire to the valleys of Bobbio, Angrona and nora. — Great massacre of Waldenses by Marquis of Piancza. — Gianovello - soldier, pastor of the Waldenses goes to Geneva. Joshua Gianovello defends nora in the Waldense valleys.
1656 Death Ferdinand III of Bohemia. Accession Leopold I.
1658 Cromwell writes to Roman Catholic King Louis XIV of France on behalf of the Waldenses. Death of Cromwell. Protectorate in England of his son Richard.
1659 French King Louis XIV forbids the calling of any more Protestant Church Synods.
1660 Charles II crowned King of England. Treaty of peace between Catholic King Casimere of Poland and Polish Protestants.
1661 Charles II of England restores the government of the church to the bishops. Marquis of Argyle and James Guthrie, Protestants, beheaded in Scotland. Louis XIV begins persecution of Protestants in France.
1662 English and Scottish pastors vacate their livings rather than submit to the Act of Uniformity. — Drunken Act of Glasgow, Scotland by which the bishops tried to enforce their rule over the Protestant ministers. Protestants bring their grievances to the Diet at Presburg, Bohemia.
1664 Conventicle Act in England forbidding religious assemblies other than Church of England.
1666 Beginning of the Covenanter War in Scotland.
1669 James, Duke of York, England becomes Roman Catholic.
1670 England breaks the terms of the Triple League and sides with Catholic France against Protestant Holland. Archbishop of Gran, with the Jesuits persecute Hungarian Protestants.
1672 Proclamation of Indulgence towards Roman Catholics signed in England. Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France declare war on Holland. — Second William of Orange made Stadtholder in Netherlands.
1674 France defeated and England forced to make peace with Holland.
Protestant pastors in Bohemia arrested and put in dungeons and thence to the galleys.
1676 Bohemian Protestant pastors released.
1677 William Prince of Orange comes to England to negotiate marriage with Mary, daughter of the Duke of York. — Popish plot to kill Charles II and put Duke of York on English throne. Duke of York, brother of Charles II of England marries Catholic Princess of Moderna.
1678 Titus Oates revealed the Popish plot in England.
1679 Assassination of Sharp, primate of Scotland. Defeat of John Graham of Claverhouse by Scottish Covenanters. Battle of Bothwell Bridge, Scottish Covenanters defeated.
1681 Dragonnades billeted on Protestants in Southern France to force them to turn papist.
1684 Death Charles II of England. Accession James II, Duke of York.
Judge Jefferies sent throughout England and Scotland to apprehend and punish those not in favour of the king. — Protestant Lord Lieutenant of Ireland commanded by King James II to deliver up the Sword of State. — Parliamentary vote denied to Protestants in Ireland. Irish army disbanded and replaced by Catholics.
1685 James II of England demands a standing army with Roman Catholic officers. — Huguenots flee from France to England. — Louis XIV of France revokes the Edict of Nantes and sends word to the Duke of Savoy, Italy to help exterminate the Waldenses.
1686 Further attack on Waldenses valleys. Some escape to Geneva but 3,000 imprisoned in dungeons.
1687 James II dissolved parliament in England because it disagreed with him. James II of England without parliament publishes ‘Declaration of Liberty of Conscience’. Survivors of the 3,000 imprisoned Waldenses released from dungeons, reach Geneva.
1688 Seven English bishops imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to read the King’s ‘Declaration of Indulgence for Roman Catholics’ in church. — Birth of Prince of Wales, England. — Papal Nuncio in London, England. — William of Orange invited to England by English Protestants. — William of Orange and the Dutch fleet land at Torbay, Devon. William of Orange and Mary of York made King and Queen of England.
1689 Toleration Act of William and Mary in England gives help to the Protestants. Circa the church in the desert formed in France. The ‘Glorious Return’ of the Waldenses refugees from Geneva to their valleys under Henri Arnaud.
1690 De Catinat, commanding the French army of Louis XIV assaults the Waldenes at the Basiglia and is repulsed by Waldenses under Henri Arnaud. — Duke of Savoy, Italy, urged by a Protestant coalition from Germany, Britain, Holland and Spain makes peace with the Waldenses.
1694 Death of Queen Mary, wife of William III of England.
1695 Birth of Antoine Court who organized the underground Protestant church in France.
1702 Death of William III of England. Accession Queen Anne. Beginning of the French Protestant’s revolt against the persecution by the Roman Catholics.
1707 Act of Union united England and Scotland.
1713 Antoine Court of France convokes a synod to restore church order.
1714 Death of Queen Anne in England. Accession George I.
1715 Death of Louis XIV of France.
1721 Death of Henri Arnaud of the Waldenses.
1727 Death of George I of England. Accession George II. Act passed in England removing the disabilities of Protestant dissenters.
1729 Antoine Court in France sets up a theological college at Lausanne, Switzerland.
1732 Law passed in Poland excluding all except Romanists to hold public office.
1735 Conversion of George Whitfield in England.
1741 Bull of Pope Benedict IV forbidding Jesuits to trade.
1759 Jesuits expelled from Portugal.
1760 Death George II. Accession George III of England. Death of Antoine Court in France.
1762 Jesuit order extinguished in France.
1767 Jesuits expelled from Spain.
1770 Money collected in England to help the Waldenses.
1773 Expulsion of Jesuits from Austria. Jesuit order dissolved by Pope Clement XIV.
1774 Death Pope Clement XIV. Accession Plus VII.
1780 ‘No Popery’ riots in London, England.
1781 Authority of the papacy in Austria reduced.
1787 Edict of Tolerance in France giving more freedom to Protestants.
1789 The French Revolution.
1801 Bonaparte takes office and makes covenant with the Pope in Italy.
1803 Beginning of the Napoleonic wars in France.
1804 Coronation of Bonaparte as Emperor Napoleon in France.
1806 Napoleon abolishes the Holy Roman Empire.
1808 French occupy Rome.
1809 Rome added to the French Empire. Pope Plus VII excommunicates Napoleon.
1814 Pius VII returns to Rome. Papal authority restored. Jesuit order restored by Pope Plus VII 1815 Napoleon banished.
1820 Death of George III. Accession of George VI of England.
Inquisition finally abolished in Spain.
1823 Formation of Catholic Association in Ireland.
1825 Irish Catholic Association suppressed.
1827 General Beckwith of England interests himself in the Waldenses.
1828 Dr. William Gilly visits the Waldenses valleys and founds Protestant college at La Torre.
1830 Death of George IV. Accession William IV of England.
1837 Death of William IV of England. Accession Queen Victoria.
1848 Second French Revolution. Waldense church recognized in Piedmont Constitution.
1853 Roman Catholic bishops permitted in Holland.
1858 First recorded ‘miracle’ at Lourdes, France.
1859 France declares war on Austrians in occupation of Italy.
1864 Italy recognizes the temporal authority of the papacy.
1869 Vatican Council summoned at Rome.
1870 King of Prussia becomes Emperor of Germany. — Victor Emmanuel made King of Italy. — Waldenses enter Rome carrying Bibles. — The end outwardly, of the temporal power of the pope.
The Vatican Council promulgates the doctrine of papal infallibility.
