CHAPTER 2
2Ti 2:1-26.
EXHORTATIONS; TO
FAITHFULNESS AS A
GOOD
SOLDIER OF
CHRIST;
ERRORS TO
BE
SHUNNED; THE
LORD'S
SURE
FOUNDATION; THE
RIGHT
SPIRIT FOR A
SERVANT OF
CHRIST.
1. Thou therefore--following my example
(2Ti 1:8, 12),
and that of ONESIPHORUS
(2Ti 1:16-18),
and shunning that of those who forsook me
(2Ti 1:15).
-
my son--Children ought to imitate their father.
-
be strong--literally, "be invested with power." Have
power, and show thyself to have it; implying an abiding state of power.
-
in the grace--the element IN
which the believer's strength has
place. Compare
2Ti 1:7,
"God hath given us the spirit of power."
2. among--Greek, "through," that is, with the attestation
(literally, "intervention") of many witnesses, namely, the presbyters
and others present at his ordination or consecration
(1Ti 4:14; 6:12).
-
commit--in trust, as a deposit
(2Ti 1:14).
-
faithful--the quality most needed by those having a trust
committed to them.
-
who--Greek, "(persons) such as shall be competent
to teach (them to) others also." Thus the way is prepared for
inculcating the duty of faithful endurance
(2Ti 2:3-13).
Thou shouldest consider as a motive to endurance, that thou hast not
only to keep the deposit for thyself, but to transmit it unimpaired to
others, who in their turn shall fulfil the same office. This is so far
from supporting oral tradition now that it rather teaches how
precarious a mode of preserving revealed truth it was, depending, as it
did, on the trustworthiness of each individual in the chain of
succession; and how thankful we ought to be that God Himself has
given the written Word, which is exempt from such risk.
3. Thou therefore endure hardness--The oldest manuscripts have
no "Thou therefore," and read, "Endure hardship with
(me)." "Take thy share in suffering" [CONYBEARE
and HOWSON].
4. "No one while serving as a soldier."
-
the affairs of (this) life--"the businesses of life"
[ALFORD]; mercantile, or other than military.
-
him who hath chosen him--the general who at the first enlisted
him as a soldier. Paul himself worked at tent-making
(Ac 18:3).
Therefore what is prohibited here is, not all other save religious
occupation, but the becoming entangled, or over-engrossed
therewith.
5. And--"Moreover."
-
strive for masteries--"strive in the games"
[ALFORD]; namely, the
great national games of Greece.
-
yet is he not crowned, except--even though he gain the victory.
-
strive lawfully--observing all the conditions of both the contest
(keeping within the bounds of the course and stript of his clothes) and
the preparation for it, namely, as to self-denying diet, anointing,
exercise, self-restraint, chastity, decorum, &c.
(1Co 9:24-27).
6. must be first partaker--The right of first partaking of
the fruits belongs to him who is laboring; do not
thou, therefore, relax thy labors, as thou wouldest be foremost in
partaking of the reward. CONYBEARE explains
"first," before the idler.
7. Consider the force of the illustrations I have given from the
soldier, the contender in the games, and the husbandmen, as
applying to thyself in thy ministry.
-
and the Lord give, &c.--The oldest manuscripts read, "for
the Lord will give thee understanding." Thou canst understand my
meaning so as personally to apply it to thyself; for the Lord will give
thee understanding when thou seekest it from Him "in all things." Not
intellectual perception, but personal appropriation of the truths
metaphorically expressed, was what he needed to be given him by the
Lord.
8. Rather as Greek, "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from
the dead." Remember Christ risen, so as to follow Him. As He was raised
after death, so if thou wouldest share His risen "life," thou must now
share His "death"
(2Ti 2:11).
The Greek perfect passive participle, implies a permanent
character acquired by Jesus as the risen Saviour, and our
permanent interest in Him as such. Christ's resurrection is put
prominently forward as being the truth now assailed
(2Ti 2:18),
and the one best calculated to stimulate Timothy to steadfastness in
sharing Paul's sufferings for the Gospel's sake (see on
2Ti 2:3).
-
of the seed of David--The one and only genealogy (as contrasted
with the "endless genealogies,"
1Ti 1:4)
worth thinking of, for it proves Jesus to be the Messiah. The absence
of the article in the Greek, and this formula, "of the seed of
David" (compare
Ro 1:3),
imply that the words were probably part of a recognized short oral
creed. In His death He assured us of His humanity; by His resurrection,
of His divinity. That He was not crucified for His own sin
appears from His resurrection; that He was crucified shows that He bore
sin, on Him, though not in Him.
-
my gospel--that which I always taught.
9. Wherein--in proclaiming which Gospel.
-
suffer trouble--literally, "evil." I am a sufferer of evil as
though I were a doer of evil.
-
bonds--
(2Ti 1:16).
-
word . . . not bound--Though my person is bound, my
tongue and my pen are not
(2Ti 4:17;
Ac 28:31).
Or he alludes not merely to his own proclamation of the Gospel,
though in chains, but to the freedom of its circulation by
others, even though his power of circulating it is now prescribed
(Php 1:18).
He also hints to Timothy that he being free ought to be the more
earnest in the service of it.
10. Therefore--Because of the anxiety I feel that the Gospel
should be extended; that anxiety being implied in
2Ti 2:9.
-
endure--not merely "I passively suffer," but "I actively
and perseveringly endure," and "am ready to endure patiently all
things."
-
the elect's sakes--for the sake of the Church: all the members of
Christ's spiritual body
(Col 1:24).
-
they . . . also--as well as myself: both God's elect
not yet converted and those already so.
-
salvation . . . glory--not only salvation from
wrath, but glory in reigning with Him eternally
(2Ti 2:12).
Glory is the full expansion of salvation
(Ac 2:47;
Ro 8:21-24, 30;
Heb 9:28).
So grace and glory
(Ps 84:12).
11. Greek, "Faithful is the saying."
-
For--"For" the fact is so that, "if we be dead with Him (the
Greek aorist tense implies a state once for all entered into
in past times at the moment of regeneration,
Ro 6:3, 4, 8;
Col 2:12),
we shall also live with Him." The symmetrical form of "the saying,"
2Ti 2:11-13,
and the rhythmical balance of the parallel clauses, makes it likely,
they formed part of a Church hymn (see on
1Ti 3:16),
or accepted formula, perhaps first uttered by some of the Christian
"prophets" in the public assembly
(1Co 14:26).
The phrase "faithful is the saying," which seems to have been the usual
formula (compare
1Ti 1:15; 3:1; 4:9;
Tit 3:8)
in such cases, favors this.
12. suffer--rather, as the Greek is the same as in
2Ti 2:10,
"If we endure (with Him)"
(Ro 8:17).
-
reign with him--The peculiar privilege of the elect Church now
suffering with Christ, then to reign with Him (see on
1Co 6:2).
Reigning is something more than mere salvation
(Ro 5:17;
Re 3:21; 5:10; 20:4, 5).
-
deny--with the mouth. As "believe" with the heart
follows,
2Ti 2:12.
Compare the opposite, "confess with thy mouth" and "believe in thine
heart"
(Ro 10:9, 10).
-
he also will deny us--
(Mt 10:33).
13. believe not--"If we are unbelievers (literally, 'unfaithful'),
He remains faithful"
(De 7:9, 10).
The oldest manuscripts read, "For He cannot (it is an
impossibility that He should) deny Himself." He cannot be
unfaithful to His word that He will deny those who deny Him, though
we be not faithful to our profession of faith in Him
(Ro 3:3).
Three things are impossible to God, to die, to lie, and to be deceived
[AUGUSTINE, The Creed, 1.1],
(Heb 6:18).
This impossibility is not one of infirmity, but of infinite power and
majesty. Also, indirectly, comfort is suggested to believers, that He
is faithful to His promises to them; at the same time that apostates
are shaken out of their self-deceiving fancy, that because they change,
Christ similarly may change. A warning to Timothy to be steadfast in
the faith.
14. them--those over whom thou dost preside
(Tit 3:1).
-
charging--Greek, "testifying continually": "adjuring them."
-
before the Lord--
(1Ti 5:21).
-
that they strive not about words--rather, "strive with words":
"not to have a (mere) war of words"
(2Ti 2:23, 24;
1Ti 6:4)
where the most vital matters are at stake
(2Ti 2:17, 18;
Ac 18:15).
The oldest manuscripts put a stop at "charging them before the Lord"
(which clause is thus connected with "put them in remembrance") and
read the imperative, "Strive not thou in words," &c.
-
to no profit--not qualifying "words"; but Greek neuter, in
apposition with "strive in words," "(a thing tending) to no profit,"
literally, "profitable for nothing"; the opposite of "meet for the
master's use"
(2Ti 2:21).
-
to the subverting--sure to subvert (overturn) the hearers: the
opposite of "edifying" (building up)
(2Co 13:10).
15. Study--Greek, "Be earnest," or "diligent."
-
to show--Greek, "present," as in
Ro 12:1.
-
thyself--as distinguished from those whom Timothy was to charge
(2Ti 2:14).
-
approved--tested by trial: opposed to "reprobate"
(Tit 1:16).
-
workman--alluding to
Mt 20:1,
&c.
-
not to be ashamed--by his work not being "approved"
(Php 1:20).
Contrast "deceitful workers"
(2Co 11:13).
-
rightly dividing--"rightly handling" [Vulgate]; "rightly
administering" [ALFORD]; literally, cutting
"straight" or "right": the metaphor being from a father or a steward
(1Co 4:1)
cutting and distributing bread among his children
[VITRINGA and CALVIN],
(Lu 12:42).
The Septuagint,
Pr 3:6; 11:5,
use it of "making one's way": so BENGEL here takes
Paul to mean that Timothy may make ready a straight way for "the
word of truth," and may himself walk straight forward according to this
line, turning neither to the right nor to the left, "teaching no other
doctrine"
(1Ti 1:3).
The same image of a way appears in the Greek for
"increase" (see on
2Ti 2:16).
The opposite to "rightly handling," or "dispensing," is,
2Co 2:17,
"corrupt the word of God."
-
truth--Greek, "the truth" (compare
2Ti 2:18).
16. shun--literally, "stand above," separate from, and superior
to.
-
vain--opposed to "the truth"
(2Ti 2:15).
-
babblings--with loud voice: opposed to the temperate "word"
(Tit 3:9).
-
increase--Greek, advance"; literally, "strike forward":
an image from pioneers cutting away all obstacles before
an advancing army. They pretend progress; the only kind of
progress they make is to a greater pitch of impiety.
-
more ungodliness--Greek, "a greater degree of impiety."
17. will eat--literally, "will have pasture." The consuming
progress of mortification is the image. They pretend to give rich
spiritual pasture to their disciples: the only pasture is
that of a spiritual cancer feeding on their vitals.
-
canker--a "cancer" or "gangrene."
-
Hymenaeus--(See on
1Ti 1:20).
After his excommunication he seems to have been readmitted into the
Church and again to have troubled it.
18. erred--Greek, "missed the aim" (see