Vaheb (Hebrew: “a gift” ) An obscure word, translated “what he did”. Only found in Numbers 21:14. Probably a proper name of some place in Moab, on the Arnon. Vail . Vail of the Tabernacle .

Va-jeza-tha or Vaj-e-zatha (“white, pure” ) One of Haman’s ten sons who was killed in Shushan by the Jews (Esth. 9:9).

Vale, Valley Five Hebrew words are translated “valley”, each conveying a separate meaning: 1. BIKAH (“to cleave”), generally a broad, open valley, enclosed by mountains or otherwise. The plain of Shinar is thus named ( Genesis 11:2). Palestine a “land of hills and valleys” ( Deuteronomy 11:11). 2. GAI and GE (“to flow together”). A narrow valley or ravine. “Doves of the valleys” alluding to the rocks bordering the glens in Palestine being the resort of doves ( Ezekiel 7:16). The word GE often is used in combination with other words. 3. NAKHAL (“to receive”) signifies a torrent — bed, or a valley dry in summer but with a river or torrent flowing in winter. This word corresponds to the modern Arabic term for valley — [^wady. Used also to signify a brook. “My brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook, as the stream of brooks they pass away” ( Job 6:15-17). Also used for valley and for stream,, as in 1 Kings 17:3,4. 4. ERNEH (“to be deep”), a low tract of land, surrounded by hills on high ground; as the wide “valley of Jezreel,” lying between Gilboa and Morch ( Judges 6:35). Except in Joshua 19:27, where the Hebrew word itself is used as Bath-Emek\, this word is translated valley or vale. 5. SHEPELAH (“a low plain”). With the exception, in Joshua 11:16, where “the valley of the same” is used without the article denoting it a proper name, the word Shephelah means the plain of Philistia. .

Vashni The oldest child of Samuel ( 1 Chronicles 6:28). Vashti (“a beauty” ) The queen of Persia, divorced by Ahasuerus, her husband, for refusing to appear unvailed before his reveling company (Esth. 1).

Vau (Hebrew: VAV, “a peg, nail, hook” ) The 6th letter of the Hebrew alphabet (Psalm 119). .

Versions, Ancient, of the Old Testament and the New Testament . Vessel . Vial (Hebrew: PACH, “a flask, bottle” ), ( 1 Samuel 10:1). Greek: phiale, “a bowl, goblet,” broad and shallow ( Revelation 5:8). Hebrew: MIZRAK, and . Village and . Vine (Hebrew: GEFEN SOREK ). “The choicest vine” ( Isaiah 5:2). “vine undressed” ( Leviticus 25:5,11 ). . Vine of Sodom “Their vine is the vine of Sodom” ( Deuteronomy 32:32). This is generally supposed to allude to the apples of Sodom; but it is improbable, for a vine is distinctly mentioned. Probably it was used figuratively as in Psalm 80:8,14; Isaiah 5:2,7. The enemies of Israel in this relation would be compared to the people of Sodom. Vineyards, Plain of the ( Judges 11:33 ). Beit el Kerm. ten miles north of Kerak, on the ancient Roman road, where there are ruins of a temple. Vineyard The vine, its fruit, the grape, and wine and vinegar produced from it, are frequently mentioned in the Scripture, as is natural from its being a native of the East (supposed to have originated in Margiana, south of the (Caspian Sea). It is mentioned in the earliest histories of all people, and has always been highly valued. Moses, Homer, and Herodotus wrote about it and before their day, the Egyptians pictured it, and methods of preparing its products for use, on their monuments. Various preparations from the vine are in use, among which are: The juice of the unripe grape, for acid; in some parts the unripe grapes are dried and powdered, forming a pleasant acid; grapes, both fresh and dried, as raisins; the juice of grapes fresh pressed is valued as a pleasant beverage, called “must”; this juice is also boiled down into (morasses), used at the table; wine, alcohol, and vinegar are made by fermentation; cream-tartar is made from the lees; a fragrant oil is pressed from the seeds; the ashes from the twigs and stalk yield carbonate of potash. A fruitful vine is often used as an emblem of the Hebrew nation, and a period of security, repose, peace, and prosperity is figured by every one sitting under his own vine and figtree; and the drinking of wine was also used as a symbol of the highest spiritual blessings ( Isaiah 55:1,2). In fearful contrast to this is the desolation of the house of Israel, figured by the neglected, trodden-down, wasted vineyard, by Isaiah ( Isaiah 5:1-7); and by the vine brought out of Egypt, by Asaph ( Psalm 80:8-16). The first notice of wine in the Scriptures is when Noah planted a vineyard ( Genesis 9:20,21), and suffered (himself and his posterity) from excess in its use. The next is in the story of Lot (Genesis 19). When Isaac blessed Jacob, he prayed the Lord to give him, among other things, plenty of grain and wine ( Genesis 27:28). Pharaoh’s chief butler made must for his king ( Genesis 40:11). Moses mentions wine (frequently in his laws, and) as a drink-offering ( Numbers 15:5,7,10; see, also, Judges 9:13); but it was forbidden to the priests during their service in the tabernacle ( Leviticus 10:9); and it is thought that Nadab and Abihu transgressed because of an excess in its use. During a vow the Nazarite was not to drink wine or vinegar, to eat grapes, or touch any product of the vine: (as carbonate of potash enters into some kinds of bread, he may have been restricted to unleavened bread. Numbers 6:3,4). The people drank wine at their sacred festivals ( Deuteronomy 14:22-26). The Rechabites abstained from wine (and from living in houses) in obedience to the command of their ancestor. Wine was used in the ceremony of the Passover. There was a custom of giving medicated wine or vinegar to criminals who were condemned to death, to stupefy them, and thus lessen the pains of execution ( Proverbs 21:6,7; Amos 2:8), as in the case of the crucifixion, when the soldiers gave Jesus vinegar mixed with some drug, evidently with kind intentions ( Matthew 27:34; Mark 15:23). Mixed wine is frequently mentioned. It was mixed with water (perhaps only to weaken it for common use, or it may be for deception ( Isaiah 5:22), and with milk ( Song of Solomon 5:1), and with spices to increase its strength and flavor ( Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 5:22). The wine of Lebanon was peculiarly fine ( Hosea 14:7), and had a grateful odor, and the Tyrians imported a famous quality from Helbon ( Ezekiel 27:18). Wine (and other liquids) are kept in skins (bottles) made of goat-skins, or from the skins of other animals, especially of the ox for the largest, sewed and pitched, and stored, not generally in their houses, but in a wine-store, where it was fermented. Jesus sanctioned the use of wine, and made a supply at a marriage-feast (John 2), and is charged with being a wine-bibber by his enemies, in contrast to John the Baptist, who abstained from both bread and wine ( Luke 7:33,34). Paul advises Timothy to use a little wine for its expected relief from his “often infirmities” ( 1 Timothy 4:23). The warnings against excess in its use as a beverage are frequent and severe in both the Old Testament and the New Testament ( Proverbs 20:1; 23:29-35; 31:4,5; 1 Corinthians 6:10; Galatians 5:21). The wine-press was generally in the vineyard ( Isaiah 5:2; Matthew 21:33), outside of the cities ( Zechariah 14:10; Revelation 14:20), where, in the vintage, they had a merry time treading the grapes ( Judges 9:27; Isaiah 16:10; Jeremiah 25:30; 48:33; Nehemiah 13:15; Isaiah 63:2; Joel 2:24), which custom furnished strong figures to the prophets of the judgments of the Lord upon Israel ( Lamentations 1:15; Joel 3:13), and of his mercies and blessings also ( Proverbs 3:10). The vineyards are generally planted on hill-sides, which are often terraced to the summit, far from the village, without hedge or fence, requiring constant watching. The strongest young men are set apart for this duty, and take their stand on the hill-tops or on towers; which custom Isaiah makes the subject of one of his finest figures of the prosperity of Zion ( Isaiah 52:7,8). The watchmen are stationed near each other (within sight and hearing of each other’s voices), and have certain calls to use in case of danger, or in “publishing” peace and safety, now as in the olden time (Land and Book, ii. 412). Vinegar (Hebrew: HOMEZ ). .

Viol A stringed instrument of music, resembling the psaltery ( Isaiah 5:12; Amos 6:5). .

Violet . Viper . Virgin (Hebrew: BATHULIA, ALMAH; Latin: virgo, “young woman” ), ( Isaiah 8:3,4; Matthew 1:23; Proverbs 30:19).

Vision A supernatural presentation of certain scenery or circumstances to the mind of a person either while awake or asleep (Isaiah 6; Ezekiel 1; Daniel 8; Acts 26:13). .

Vophsi (“my addition” ) Father of Nahbi ( Numbers 13:14). Vow (Hebrew: NEDER, “vow of devotion”; Hebrew: ESAR, “vow of abstinence”; and HEREM, “vow of destruction” ). Vows, in general, are mentioned in Job 22:27, etc. (Greek: anathema, “devoted”). The earliest vow mentioned is Jacob’s ( Genesis 28:18-22; 31:13). The law regulated the practice of vows. A man might devote to sacred uses possessions or persons, but not the firstborn either of man or beast ( Leviticus 27:26). Moses enacted several laws for the regulation and execution of vows ( Deuteronomy 23:21,23). The vows of minors were not binding without the consent of the head of the family (Numbers 30). These selfimposed services were more in keeping with the ancient dispensation — in which outward sacrifices had so large a share — than with enlightened Christianity.

Vulgate, The See HISTORY OF THE BOOKS .