Vincent's NT Word Studies
11. Sorrowed (luphqhnai). Rev., correctly, were made sorry. The verb is in the passive voice, and is so rendered by the A.V. in ver. 9, but, inconsistently, sorrowed in the next clause.Carefulness (spoudhn). See on diligence, Rom. xii. 8. Rev., earnest care.
Clearing of yourselves (apologian). See on 1 Pet. iii. 15. Exculpation or self-defense from complicity with the incestuous person by their neglect and refusal to humble themselves.
Indignation (aganakthsin). Only here in the New Testament. Compare the kindred verb ajganaktew to be indignant, Matt. xx. 24; Mark x. 14, etc.
Revenge (ekdikhsin). An unfortunate rendering, because of the personal feeling of vindictiveness which attaches to the popular usage. Rev. avenging is little, if any, better. It is rather meting out of justice; doing justice to all parties. See on Luke xviii. 3; xxi. 22. The word has, however, the sense of requital (see on Rom. xii. 19; compare 2 Thess. i. 8), and carries with it, etymologically, the sense of vindication, as Luke xviii. 7, 8. Bengel remarks that the six results of godly sorrow fall into pairs: clearing and indignation relating to the disgrace of the Church; fear and longing (vehement desire) to the apostle; zeal and avenging to the offender.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
7:11 { this selfsame thing} (auto touto). " this very thing," "the being made sorry according to God" (to kata qeon lupeqenai, articular first aorist passive infinitive with which auto touto agrees and the proleptic subject of the verb kateirgasato. {Earnest care} (spouden). Diligence, from speudw, to hasten. Cf. #Ro 12:11. {Yea} (alla). Not adversative use of alla, but copulative as is common (half dozen examples here). {Clearing of yourselves} (apologia). In the old notion of apologia (self-vindication, self-defence) as in #1Pe 3:15. {Indignation} (aganaktesin). Old word, only here in N.T. From aganakteo (#Mr 10:14, etc.). {Avenging} (ekdikesin). Late word from ekdikew, to avenge, to do justice (#Lu 18:5; 21:22), vindication from wrong as in #Lu 18:7, to secure punishment (#1Pe 2:14). {Pure} (hagnous). Kin to hagios (hazw, to reverence), immaculate.