TSK - 1 SAMUEL 23

  1  David, enquiring of the Lord by Abiathar, rescues Keilah.
 7  God shewing him the coming of Saul, and the treachery of
    the Keilites, he escapes from Keilah.
14  In Ziph Jonathan comes and comforts him.
19  The Ziphites discover him to Saul.
25  At Maon he is rescued from Saul by the invasion of the
    Philistines.
29  He dwells at En-gedi.


VERSE 1
- Keilah.
  Keilah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius,
  eight miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Hebron.  Sozomen says
  that the prophet Habakkuk's tomb was shewn there.

   * Jos 15:44 Ne 3:17,18
- rob the.
   * Le 26:16 De 28:33,51 Jud 6:4,11 Mic 6:15


VERSE 2 
 - enquired.
  In what way David made this enquiry we are not told; but it
  was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore it would
  seem, that with Houbigant, we should read the sixth verse
  immediately after the first.--This adventure was truly noble
  and patriotic.  Had not David loved his country, and been
  above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would
  have rejoiced in this invasion of Judea, as producing a strong
  diversion in his favor, and embroiling his inveterate enemy.
  In most cases, a man with David's wrongs would have joined
  with the enemies of his country, and avenged himself on the
  author of his calamities; but he thinks of nothing but
  succoring Keilah, and using his power and influence in behalf
  of his brethren.

   * :4,6,9-12; 30:8 Nu 27:21 Jos 9:14 Jud 1:1 2Sa 5:19,23
   * 1Ch 14:10 Ps 32:8 Pr 3:5,6 Jer 10:23


VERSE 3 
 - Behold.
   * :15,23,26 Ps 11:1 Jer 12:5


VERSE 4 
 - yet again.
   * 1Sa 28:6 Jud 6:39
- for I will.
   * Jos 8:7 Jud 7:7 2Sa 5:19 2Ki 3:18

VERSE 5


VERSE 6 
 - when Abiathar.
   * 1Sa 22:20
- an ephod.
   * 1Sa 14:3,18,36,37 Ex 28:30,31


VERSE 7 
 - A.M. 2943.  B.C. 1061.  An. Ex. Is. 430.  God hath.
   * :14; 24:4-6; 26:8,9 Ps 71:10,11
- he is shut.
   * Ex 14:3; 15:9 Jud 16:2,3 Job 20:5 Lu 19:43,44

VERSE 8


VERSE 9 
 - David.
   * Jer 11:18,19 Ac 9:24; 14:6; 23:16-18
- Bring.
   * :6; 14:18; 30:7 Nu 27:21 Jer 33:3


VERSE 10 
 - destroy the city.
   * :8; 22:19 Ge 18:24 Es 3:6 Pr 28:15 Ro 3:15,16


VERSE 11 
 - And the Lord.
   * Ps 50:15 Jer 33:3 Mt 7:7,8


VERSE 12 
 - deliver.  Heb. shut up.
   * Ps 31:8
- They will.
   * :7 Ps 62:1; 118:8 Ec 9:14,15 Isa 29:15 Heb 4:13


VERSE 13 
 - six hundred.
   * 1Sa 22:2; 25:13; 30:9,10


VERSE 14 
 - a mountain.
   * Ps 11:1-3
- the wilderness.
  Ziph is mentioned in Joshua with Carmel and Maon, near which
  it seems to have been situated; and as we have mention of
  Carmel and Maon in the history of David, as adjoining to Ziph,
  it cannot be doubted that by the Ziph, in the wilderness of
  which David now lay, and where was the hill of Hachilah, is to
  be understood Ziph near Carmel and Maon.

   * Jos 15:24,55
- Saul.
   * 1Sa 27:1 Ps 54:3,4 Pr 1:16; 4:16
- but God.
   * :7 Ps 32:7; 37:32,33; 54:3,4 Pr 21:30 Jer 36:26 Ro 8:31
   * 2Ti 3:11; 4:17,18


VERSE 15 
 - life.  Heb. nephesh, soul.
   * Ge 44:30


VERSE 16 
 - strengthened.
   * De 3:28 Ne 2:18 Job 4:3,4; 16:5 Pr 27:9,17 Ec 4:9-12
   * Isa 35:3,4 Eze 13:22 Lu 22:32,43 Eph 6:10 2Ti 2:1
   * Heb 12:12,13


VERSE 17 
 - Fear not.
   * Isa 41:10,14 Heb 13:6
- shall not.
   * Job 5:11-15 Ps 27:1-3; 46:1,2; 91:1,2 Pr 14:26 Isa 54:17
- thou shalt be.
   * Lu 12:32
- I shall be.
   * Pr 19:21 Ac 28:16 Ro 15:24
- that also Saul.
   * 1Sa 20:31; 24:20 Ac 5:39

VERSE 18
    * 1Sa 18:3; 20:12-17,42 2Sa 9:1; 21:7


VERSE 19 
 - the Ziphites.
   * 1Sa 22:7,8; 26:1 Ps 54:1 *title
   * Ps 54:3,4 Pr 29:12
- Hachilah.
  Calmet states, that Hachilah was a mountain about ten miles
  south of Jericho, where Jonathan Maccabaeus built the castle of
  Massada, west of the Dead Sea, and not far from En-gedi.

   * 1Sa 26:1,3
- on the south.  Heb. on the right hand.  Jeshimon.  or, the
  wilderness.
  Eusebius places Jeshimon ten miles south of Jericho, near the
  Dead Sea; which agrees extremely well with the position of
  Hachilah, as stated by Calmet.


VERSE 20 
 - all the desire.
   * De 18:6 2Sa 3:21 Ps 112:10 Pr 11:23
- our part.
   * 1Ki 21:11-14 2Ki 10:5-7 Ps 54:3 Pr 29:26

VERSE 21
    * 1Sa 22:8 Jud 17:2 Ps 10:3 Isa 66:5 Mic 3:11


VERSE 22 
 - haunt is.  Heb. foot shall be.
   * Job 5:13


VERSE 23 
 - take knowledge.
   * Mr 14:1,10,11 Joh 18:2,3
- I will search.
   * 2Sa 17:11-13 1Ki 18:10 Pr 1:16 Ro 3:15,16
- the thousands.
   * Nu 10:36 Mic 5:2


VERSE 24 
 - the wilderness.
  Maon, from which the adjoining mountainous district derived
  its name, was city in the most southern parts of the tribe of
  Judah, and a neighboring town to Carmel.  Hence Nabal (ch.
  2 25:2) is described as a man of Maon, whose possessions were in
  Carmel; and though he might dwell generally in Maon, yet he is
  styled Nabal the Carmelite, from the place where his estate
  lay.  Calmet supposes it to be the city Mino‹s, which Eusebius
  places in the vicinity of Gaza; and the Moenoemi Castrum,
  which the Theodosian code places near Beersheba.

- Maon.
   * 1Sa 25:2 Jos 15:55
- the south.
   * :19


VERSE 25 
 - into a rock.  or, from the rock.
   * :28 Jud 15:8


VERSE 26 
 - David made haste.
   * 1Sa 19:12; 20:38 2Sa 15:14; 17:21,22 Ps 31:22
- away.
   * 2Ch 20:12 Ps 17:9,11; 22:12,16; 118:11-13; 140:1-9 2Co 1:8
   * Re 20:9


VERSE 27 
 - there came.
   * Ge 22:14 De 32:36 2Ki 19:9 Ps 116:3
- the Philistines.
   * 2Ki 19:9 Re 12:16
- invaded.  Heb. spread themselves upon.
   * 1Ch 14:13


VERSE 28 
 - Sela-hammahlekoth.  that is, the rock of divisions.
  Because, says the Targum, "the heart of the king was divided
  to go hither and thither."  Here Saul was obliged to separate
  himself from David, in order to go and oppose the invading
  Philistines; which deliverance of David was of such a nature
  as made the Divine interposition fully visible.

   * :28


VERSE 29 
 - strong holds.
   * :14,19
  The district around En-gedi, near the western coast of the
  Dead Sea, is reported by travellers to be a mountainous
  territory, filled with caverns; and consequently, proper for
  David in his present circumstances.  Dr. Lightfoot thinks this
  was the wilderness of Judah, in which David was when he penned
  the 63rd Psalm, which breathes as much pious and devout
  affection as almost any of his Psalms; for in all places and
  in all conditions he still kept up his communion with God.--If
  Christians knew their privileges better, and acted up thereto,
  there would be less murmuring at the dark dispensations of
  Divine Providence.

   * 1Sa 24:1 Ge 14:7 Jos 15:62 2Ch 20:2 So 1:14 Eze 47:10



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