BOOK RICHARD 1 Latin Edition 1539, p. 3. Ed. 1563, p. 89. Ed. 1570, p. 529. Ed. 1576, p. 425. Ed. 1583, p 430, Ed:. 1596, p. 396. Ed. 1684, vol. 1, p. 490.-ED. 2 See the Appendix.-ED. 3 Edition of 1563, p. 90, and Latin Ed. p. 7.-ED. 4 A new translation from the Latin in Walsingham, p. 200.-ED. 5 The following is the letter to which Foxe refers, taken from Walsingham, p. 202, and Wilkins’s Concilia, tom. 3, p. 116, ex Reg. Sudbury, fol. 45. b.-ED.

Gregorius episcopus, servus servorum Dei, venerabilibus fratribus, archiepiscopo Cantuariensi et episcopo Londoniensi, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Regnum Angliae, gloriosum nempe potentia et abundantia facultatum, sed gloriosius pietate fidei, et sacrae paginae claritate coruscum, consuevit viros producere divinarum scripturarum recta scientia praeditos, maturitate graves, devotione praeclaros, et pugiles fidel orthodoxae, qui non solum proprios sed alienos populos documentis instruebant verissimis, et in mandatorum Domini semitam dirigebant: et, sicut ex effectu contingentium temporis antiqui colligitur, dicti regni praesules in specula solicitudinis positi, proprias excubias exercentes solicite, non permittebant aliquid oriri erroneum quod posset inficere oves suas; sed si oriretur zizania ex inimici hominis inspersione, illam protinus evellebant; crescebatque assidue purum triticum in dominicum horreum inferendum. Sed (proh dolor) nunc apparet, quod in ipso regno, officio vigiles negligentia vero desides, non circueunt civitatem, dum hostes ingrediuntur in eam, animarum thesaurum preciocissimum praedaturi. Quorum latentes ingressus et patentee aggressus prius sentiuntur in Romae, intercapedine longa remota, quam eis in Anglia resistatur. Sane plurium fide dignorum significatione admodum dolenter audivimus, quod Johannes Wyckliff, rector Ecclesiae de Lutterworth Lincolniensis dioec. sacrae paginae Professor, utinam non magister errorum, in illam detestabilem vesaniam dicitur temere prorupisse, quod nonnullas propositiones et conclusiones erroneas et falsas, in fide male sonantes, quae starurn totius Ecclesiae subvertere et enervare conantur, quarumque aliquae, licet aliquibus mutatis terminis, sentire videntur perversas opiniones et doctrinam indoctam damnatae memoriae Marsilii de Padua et Johannis de Ganduno, quorum liber per faelicis recordationis Johannem Papam XXII. praedecessorem nostrum reprobatus extitit et damnatus, non veretur in praefato regno asserere, dogmatizare, et publice praedicare, nonnullos Christi fideles eis maligne inficiens, ac a fide catholica (sine qua non est salus) faciens deviare: de quibus sic subortis, et non extirpatis, seu saltem eis nulla facia resistentia, quam sciamus, sed transactis seu toleratis conni-ventibus oculis, vos aliquique praesules Angliae, cum debeatis esse columnae Ecclesiae dictaeque fidei defensores attenti, sub quadam conniventia, tam negligenter transeundo, non immerito debetis rubore perfundi, verecundari, et in propriis conscientiis remorderi. Quare cum tam perniciosum malum, quod non praecisum seu radicitus extirpatum serpere posset in plurimos in animabus eorum (quod absit) lethali contagione necandos, nolumus,(sicut nec debemus) sub dissimulatione transire, fraternitati vestrae per Apostolica scripta committimus et mandamus, quatenus receptis praesentibus vos vel alter vestrum de dictarum propositionum et conclusionum assertione, quarum copiam vobis mittimus sub Bulla nostra inclusam, vos secrete informantes, si inveniretis ira esse, praefatum Johannem faciatis authorirate nostra capi, et carceribus mancipari, ejusque confessionem super eisdem propositionibus sen conclusionibus recipere studeatis; ac ipsam confessionem, et quaecunque dictus Johannes dixerit seu scripserit super earundem propositionum et conclusionum inductione ac probatione, et quicquid feceritis in praemissis, sub vestris sigillis clausa et nemini revelata, noble per fidelem nuncium transmissuri, eundemque Johannem sub fideli custodia teneatis in vinculis, donec a nobis super hoc aliud receperitis in mandatis: Contradictores per censuram ecclesiasticam, appellatione postposita, compescendo; invocato ad hoc, si opus fuerit, auxilio brachii secularis. Non obstantibus felicis recordationis Bonffacii Papae VIII. praedecessoris nostri constitutionibus, in quibus caverut ne aliquis extra suam civitatem vel dioec., nisi in certis exceptis casibus, et in illis ultra unam dietam a fine suae dioec, ad Judicium evocetur; seu no judices a sede apostolica deputati aliquos ultra unam dietam a fine suae dioec, evocare praesumant; ac de duabus dietis in concilio generaliac exemptionibus, et aliis privilegiis, constitutionibus, et literis apostolicis Praedicatorum, Minorum, et Heremitarum Sancti Augustini, et Sanctae Mariae de monte Carmeli, et aliis quibuscunque mendicantium, vel aliis ordinibus et locis, aut specialibus personis, seu capitulis et conventibus ipsorum generalibus vel specialibus, quorumcunque tenorum existant; necnon statutis et consuetudinibus eorundem ordinum et locorum contrariis, per quae effectus praesentium impediri valeat quomodolibet vel differri, etiamsi de eis eorumque totis tenoribus ac de verbo ad verbum plena et expressa mentio in nostris literis sit habenda; seu si Johanni praedicto vel quibusvis aliis communiter vel divisim a dicta sede sit indultum, quod personaliter capi, aut quod interdici, suspendi, vel excommunicari non possint per literas Apostolicae, non facientes plenam et expressam, ac de verbo ad verbum, de indulto hujusmodi mentionem. Dat. Romae apud S. Mariam majorem 11 Cal. Junii, Anno 27. 6 The following are the two letters to which Foxe alludes, taken from Wilkins’s Concilia, tom. 3, pp. 117, 118, corrected in several instances from the copies in Walsingham, p. 201.-ED. Aliae literae apostolicae ad citandum eum ad comparendum coram domino papa. Ex Reg. Sudbury, fol. 45, b.—“Gregorius eptscopus, servus servorum Dei, venerabilibus fratribus, archiepiscopo Cantuariensi et episcopo Londonensi, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Nuper per nos, non sine gravi cordis turbatione, ex plurium fide dignorum significatione percepto, quod Johannes Wycliff, rector ecclesiae de Lutterworth, Lincolniensis dioecesis, sacrae paginae professor, utinam non magister errorum, in eam detestabilem vesaniam ternere proruperat, quod nonnullas propositiones et conclusiones erroneas ac falsas, et male in fide sonantes, quae statum totius ecelesiae subvertere et enervare nituntur, quarumque aliquae, licet quibusdam mutatis terminis, imitari videbantur perversas opiniones et doctrinam indoctam damnatae memoriae Marsilii de Padua et Johannis de, Ganduna [Gandavo Wals.] quorum liber per felicis recordationis Johannem papam XXII. praedecessorem nostrum reprobatus extitit et damnatus, non verebatur in regno Angliae asserere, dogmatizare, et publice preedicare, illis nonnullos Christi fideles maligne inficiens ac a fide catholica (sine qua non est salus) faciens deviare—Nos attendentes, quod tam perniciosum malum quod in plurimos serpere poterat, eorum animas lethali contagione necando, non debebamus, prout nec debemus, sub dissimulatione transire; vobis per alias nostras literas commisimus et mandavimus, ut vos vel alter vestrum de dictarum propositionum et conclusionum assertione, quarum copiam sub bulla nostra misimus interclusam, vos secreto informantes, si ita esse in-veneritis, praedictum Johannem auctoritate nostra capi et carceribus mancipari faceretis, eumque sub bona custodia teneretis in vinculis, donec a nobis super hoc receperitis aliud in mandatis, prout in dictis literis plenius continetur. Considerantes utique, quod praefatus Johannes hujusmodi captionem et carcerationem forte praesentiens, posset (quod absit) per fugae vel latitationis praesidia dictum nostrum mandatum in gravissimum fidei detrimentum eludere; nos, ne tam damnabiles propositiones et conclusiones indiscussae et earum temerarius assertor impunitus remaneant, in detrimentum gravissimum fidel praelibatae, fraternitati vestrae per apostolica scripta committimus et mandamus, quatenus vos vel alter vestrum, per vos vel alium seu alios, praefatum Johannem, si per vos capi et carcerari non possit, per edictum publicum proponendum in studio Oxoniensi dictae dioecesis, et aliis locis publicis, de quibus sit verisimilis conjectura quod ad dicti Johannis notitiam pervenire valeat, et de quibus vobis expedire videatur, ex parte nostra peremptorie monere et citare curetis, quod infra trium mensium spatinm a die citationis hujusmodi in antea computandum, ubicunque tunc nos esse contigerit, comparest personaliter coram nobis, super propositionibus et conclusionibus hujusmodi responsurus ac dicturus, et facturus quicquid super els duxerimus ordinandum, et ordo dictaverit rationis; praedicendo in hujusmodi citationis edicto, quod, sire idem Johannes in hujusmodi termino comparuerit, sire non comparuerit, nos super praemissis, et contra eum, usque ad debitam condemnationem ipsius inclusive procedemus, prout ejus demerita exigent, ac nobis secundum Deum et conservationem dictae fidel videbitur expedite. Volumus autem, et praesentium tenore statuimus, quod praedicta citatio sic facta perinde praefatum Johannem arctet, ac si sibi personaliter insinuata et intimata fuisset; constitutione quacunque contraria non obstante. Diem vero citationis et formam, et quicquid feceritis in praedictis, nobis per vestras literas, vestris sigillis munitas, harum seriem continentes, fideliter et quam citius poteritis, intimare curetis. Dat. Roma.’ apud Sanctam Mariam Majorem, 11 cal. Junii, pontificatus nostri anno septimo.” [ A.D. 1377, the 51st Ed. III.] A1iae literae apostolicae pro eodem. Ex Reg. Sudbury, fol. 46, a.— “Gregorius episcopus, servus servorum Dei, venerabilibus fratribus Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, et episcopo Londonensi, salutem et apostolicam henedictionem. Super periculosis admodum erroribus quarundam detestabilium propositionum et conclusionum ad enervationem totins ecclesiastici status tendentium, quas, scriptas in schedula inclusa praesentibus, Johannes Wycliff, rector ecclesiae de Lutterworth, Lincolnien-sis dioecesis, dictus theologiae professor, asseritur tam impie quam temere suscitasse, plenius vobis scribimus per alias nostras patentes literas, quas cum praesentibus destinamus.

Volumus igitur, et fraternitati vestrae mandamus, quatenus clarissimum in Christo filium nostrum Edwardum, regem Angliae illustrem, et dilectos filios nobiles viros et natos dicti regis, ac delectam in Christo filiam nobilem mulierem principissam 7 Acquitaniae et Walliae, aliosque magnates de Anglia, et consiliarios regis, per vos et alios magistros et peritos in sacra pagina non maculatos hujusmodi erroribus, sed in fide sinceros et fervidos, studeatis facere plenarie informari ac els ostendi, quanta verecundia devoto regno Angliae oriatur exinde; et quod non solum sunt ipsae conclusiones erro-neae in fide, sed, si bene advertatur, innuunt oranem destruere politiam; et requiratis eos strictis-sime, quod ad extirpationem tantorum errorum, pro reverentia Dei et apostolicae sedis et nostra, ipsorumque merito apud Deum et honore in seculo, tanquam catholici principes et pugiles dictae fidel, omni, qua poterint, efficacia tribuant auxilium et favorem. Dat. Romae apud Sanctam Mariam Majorem, 11 cal. Junii, pontificatus nostri anno septimo.” 7 See the Appendix. 8 Respecting an error here, see the Appendix. 9 -ED. 9 Collated with the Latin in Walsingham, p. 204.-ED. 10 These passages in single asterisks, extending to page 11, are extracts from the Edition of 1563, pp. 89-91, and are translated from the Latin Edition of 1559, pp. 6, 7.-ED. 11 “Volumus, requirimus, et mandamus ;” Latin Edition, p. 6; referring to the terms used in the preceding papal bulls.-ED. 12 This refers to the pope’s commands in the letter cited above, p. 6, note(1). If Wickliff was never actually subjected to so severe a punishment, the reader is reminded that it was the gracious providence of God which preserved him from the misery of fetters, prisonhouses, and the stake, and not any leniency on the part of the pope of Rome.

See the five papal letters just cited by Foxe, and others, to be found elsewhere, together with the decree for his exhumation and burning of his bones, in proof of what the pope would gladly have done with Wickliff had he possessed the power.-ED. 13 “Atque interim hi sunt, qui falli, errare, atque decipi non possunt.” Latin Edition, 1559, p. 19.-ED. 14 The editor has substituted Lewis’s translation of the following Articles (slightly altered) for Foxe’s, which is not sufficiently close to the original. See the Latin in Wilkins and Walsingham. 15 The original expression is “omne genus suum.” A word is put in for genus, which Wickliff himself uses in his “de Prelatis,” cited by Lewis, “the pope with his Meyne” (Lewis, p. 138) it occurs also in the title of one of his treatises “Of Antichrist and his meynee,” mentioned by Dr. Todd in his introduction to Wickliff’s Defence of Lollard Doctrines, p. 12. “Meiny” is derived from the French “mesnie ,” and means “family, retinue, household, followers.” See Nares, and Todd’s Johnson.-ED. 16 This article in Walsingham and in Wilkins reads thus,—“Nedum habet jus, sed in re habet omnia Dei:” but in the second explanation of his conclusions (Lewis, p. 319) this article reads “nedum habet jus ad rem, sed pro suo tempore jus in rem super omnia bona Dei.” 17 Walsingham, at p. 205, (Ed. 1574) reads, “Tam naturali filio quam invitationis in schola Christi,” where Foxe seems to have read “imitationis ;” but at P. 207, Walsingham reads “tam naturali filio invitationis;” and the second set of Conclusions and Explanations (Lewis, p. 320) reads” tam naturali filio quam filio imitationis.”-ED. 18 “Si Deus est;” in Walsingham, p. 205, the “est” is wanting, but it is inserted at p. 207. “The church when delinquent;” see the Latin edition, p. 9, “Ecclesia delinquente;” In the English editions, “the church when they do offend habitualiter.” Between the stxth and the seventh conclusions; Wilkins, tom. 3 p. 123, gives another from the Sudbury Register—“Nunquid ecclesia est in tali statu vel non, non est meum discutere, sed dominorum temporalium examinare; et posito casu confidenter agere, et in poena damnationis aeternae ejus temporalia auferre.” This is also in Walsingham, p. 205, but not at p. 207; nor is it found in the Latin or in any English edition of Foxe; Lewis, p. 58, gives it thus: “Whether the church be in such a state or not, is not my business to examine, but the business of temporal lords; who, if they find it in such a state, are to act boldly, and on the penalty of damnation to take away its temporalties.”-ED. 19 This article was thus expressed in the pope’s schedule, according to Walsingham, p. 205, “Nemo ad sui deteriorationem excommunicatur, suspenditur, vel allis censuris cruciatur, nisi in causa Dei ;” but at p. 207 he gives it according to Foxe’s translation.-ED. 20 Walsingham, p. 205, reads, “A Christo vel discipulis suis;” but at p. he omits the “vel,” and reads “concessa” for “exemplificata.”-ED. 21 Walsingham, p. 205, reads “coacte exigere;” but at p. 208, “ad coactione civili exigendum.” -ED. 22 Lewis observes, p. 46, “This conclusion or article was thus represented by the Council of Constance: ‘People may, at their pleasure, correct their princes, when they do amiss.’”-ED. 23/24 These two passages are from Edition 1563, p. 90.-ED. 25 The following is the archbishop’s summons of the council, taken from Wilkins, tom. 3, p. 123, Ex Reg. Sudbury, fol. 46: it is given by Lewis from Walsingham: it is dated Dec. 28th, A.D. 1377, 15 and names the 30th juridical day as the time, and St. Paul’s as the place for the meeting. See on this subject the note in the Appendix on p. 4 supra, and on vol. 2, p. 800.-ED.

Simon, permissione divina, etc. et Willielmus, eadem permissione Londonensis episcopus, delegati a sede apostolica cum illa clausula, ‘quatenus vos duo, aut unus vestrum, ad infra scripta specialiter deputati,’ dilecto pariter venerabilique viro cancellario universitatis Oxoniae, Lincolniensis dioecesis, ejusve locum tenenti, salutem in Domino et mandaris nostris, imo verius apostolicis, firmiter obedire.

Literas sanctissimi in Christo patris ac domini nostri, domini Gregorii divina providentia papae XImi —super eo quod Johannes Wycliff, sacrae paginae professor, rectorque de Litterworth dictae Lincolniensis dioecesis, in detestabilem vesaniam temere prorumpens, nonnullas propositiones et conclusiones erroneas ac falsas et male in fide sonantes, quae statum totius ecclesiae subvertere et enervare nituntur, non verebatur asserere, dogmatizare, et publice praedicare; illis nonnullos Christi fideles maligne inficiens, ac a fide catholica (sine qua non est salus) faciens deviare, ut in dictis literis apostolicis plenius est expressum—nos noveritis cum ea qua decuit reverentia recepisse.

Volentis igitur mandatis apostolicis parere pro viribus, ut tenemur, vobis in virtute obedientiae qua dictae sedi tenemini committimus et maudamus, firmiter injungentes, quatenus receptis per vos praesentibus, evocatis ad hoc etiam per yes sacrae paginae professoribus expertis, rectius et sanctius in fide catholica sentientibus, verbis sophisticalibus terminorum curiosa implicatione penitus praetermissis, de dictarum propositionum et conclusionum assertione, quarum copia inferius inseritur, vos secrete informantes, de omni eo quod in praemissis inveniretis et sentiretis literis vestris clausis et sigillo vestro sigillatis, clare distincte et aperte, in omnibus et per omnia, nos reddatis (ut convenit) certiores: Citetis insuper sen citari faciatis peremptorie dictum Johannem, quod tricesimo die juridico post citationem sibi factam in ecclesia Sancti Pauli, London, compareat personaliter coram nobis seu aliis subdelegatis nostris sive commissariis in hac parte. super conclusionibus et propositionibus hujusmodi responsurus et auditurus, ulterius quoque facturus quicquid auctoritate apostolica fieri debeat in hac parte et ordo dictaverit rationis; praedicentes eidem, quod sive comparuerit in termino praedicto sive non, ulterius contra eum procedetur, prout literae apostolicae in se exigunt et requirunt. Vobis insuper injungimus auctoritate praedicta, quatenus literas apostolicas inprsesentiarum per nos vobis transmissas, sub poenis in eisdem literis plenius expressatis, in omnibus et per omnia diligenter et fideliter exequamini, juxta vim, formam, et effectum earundem, certificantes nos aut dictos commissaries nostros subdelegatos, celerius quo fieri possit, quid feceritis in praemissis per literas vestras patentes, harum et facti vestri seriem plenius continentes. Datae apud Otteford 5 kalend. Januarii, A.D. 1377. Et translationis nostri Simonis, Cantuariensis archiepiscopi supradicti, anno tertio. [Dec. 28th, A.D. 1377.] Spelman dates this letter “15 kal. Jan.,” i.e. ten days earlier.-ED. 26 See the Appendix. 17 -ED. 27 “Non dico elves tantum Londinenses, sed viles ipsius civitatis, se impudenter ingerere prae-sumpserunt in eandem capellam et verba facere pro eodem et istud negotium impedire, confisi, ut reef, de ipsorum praemissa negligentia praelatorum,” etc. [Walsingham.]-ED. 28 The original Latin is in Walsingham. Lewis’s translation, a little altered, is substituted for Foxe’s.—Another Exposition, somewhat different from that in the text, is found in Walden’s “Fasciculus zizaniorum Wiclevi,” preserved in the Bodleian: this Bale states to have been presented by Wickliff to the parliament, which met April 5th; if so, it is posterior in date to that in the text; and certainly it exhibits less of scholastic peculiarity, as though intended for the perusal of the public:

Lewis (p. 318) gives the original Latin from Arch. Seldeni, MSS. B. 10:

Foxe gives a translation of it in his first edition (p. 91) of the ‘Acts and Monuments,’ where he observes, “it were to long in this place to rehearse all the conclusions of this boke, but for the rare and most singular utility and profit in them, gentle reader, I thought it not good to omit them, lest I should be thought more desirous of brevity than of profit.” Foxe’s translation, revised front the Latin in Lewis, is inserted in the Appendix.—These Expositions are most strangely represented by some writers as an evasion on Wicliff’s part; on this point see the Appendix. 18 -ED. 29 “In gratia gratificante finaliter.”-ED. 30 “Fundatur objective supra universitatem bonorum Dei.” 31 Gregory XI. died March 27th, A.D. 1378. L’Art de Ver. des Dates.-ED. 32 Edition of 1563, p. 95, and Latin Edition, 1559, p. 12.-ED. 33 See Appendix. 34:

POPES. Urban VI. ruled 11 yrs. / 6 mo.

Boniface IX 14 / 1 Innocent VII 2 / Gregory XII 2 / Alexander V 0 / John XXIII 5 / ANTIPOPES Clement ruled 16 yrs.

Benedict XIII. 23 yrs.

Corrected by L’Art de Ver. des Dates.-ED. 35 Theodoricus 22 Niemus, “De Schismate.” 36 See the Appendix 23 for the Process issued by William Berton, and infra, p. 24.-ED. 37 A parliament being held at Westminster this year, the Wednesday next after St. John Port Latin, or May 7th, Wickliff, in prosecution of his appeal from the chancellor of Oxford’s decree against him, presented his complaint to the king and them as follows, (cited by Lewis, p. 88, from MS. CCCC.): it is also both in Latin and English in the Cotton Collection.

Please it to our most noble and most worthy King Richard, King both of England and France, and to the noble Duke of Lancaster, and to other great men of the Rewme, both to Seculars and Men of holy Church, that ben gedred in the Parliament to there assent and meyntene the few Articles or Points that ben sett within this writing, and proved both by auctority and Reson; that Christen Faith and Christen Religion ben encreased, meyntened, and made stable. Sith our Lord Jesu Christ, very God and very man, is Head and Prelate of this Religion, and shed his precious Heart Blood and Water out of his Side on the Cross to make this Religion perfit and stable, and clene without Error.

First , That all Persons of what Kynne, private Sects or singular Religion made of sinful men, may freely, without any letting or bodily Pain, leave that private Rule or new Religion founden of sinful Men, and stably hold the Rule of Jesu Christ, taken and given by Christ to his Apostles, as far more perfect than any such new Religion founden of sinful men.

Secondly , That those Men that unresonably and wrongfully have damned all this Counsell be amended of so great Error, and that their Error may be published to Men dwelling in the Rewme.

Thirdly , That both Tithes and Offrings ben given and paid and received by that Intent, to which Intent or End both God’s Law and the Pope’s Law ordained them to be paid and received; and that they be take away by the same Intent and Reson that both God’s Law and the Pope’s Law ordainen that they should be withdrawen.

Fourthly , That Christ’s Teching and Belief of the Sacrament of his own Body, that is plainly taught by Christ and his Apostles in Gospels and Epistles, may be taught openly in Churches to Christen people; and the contratie Teching and false Belief brought up by cursed Hypocrites and Hereticks and worldly Priests unkunning in God’s Law. 38 This is Walsingham’s representation of the matter; but it is a calumny against Wickliff, into which Foxe, Wood, and others have been betrayed by their papal authority: happily we are able to confront with this account a very different one from Archbishop Sudbury’s Registers, given in the Appendix, 24 which represents Wickliff as unmoved by friends or foes. In the Appendix is given from Knighton (col. 2649), another papal writer, the confession which Wickliff made on this occasion, and on which Lewis (p. 88) justly remarks, “One would wonder that ever this paper should by any that had seen it be reckoned a retractation of Dr. Wicliffe’s, etc.” It was moreover immediately attacked by the chancellor himself, and five others; and soon after Wickliff was expelled the university.-ED. 39 Wickliff is not mentioned in the archbishop’s Register as present, whence we may conclude that he was not present. Wharton says that he was cited, but refused to appear, being advised by his friends that a plot was laid by the prelates to seize him on the road; and that his cause was undertaken by the chancellor of Oxford, the two proctors, and the greatest part of the senate, who, in a letter sealed with the university seal, sent to the court, gave him a great commendation for his learning, piety, and orthodox faith. (Appendix to Cave’s Hist. Litt. art. “Joh. Wiclevus.”) 40 “Apud Dominicanos,” Latin edition, p. 19: this is erroneously translated in Foxe’s first English edition of 1563, p. 13, “Grey Friars,” which has been retained in all succeeding editions. 25 -ED. 41 Ex Chron. mon. Alban. [The Godstow Chronicle tells us, “that this earthquake was on the Wednesday before Whitsunday, [i.e. May 21st,] about one o’clock in the afternoon.” See Lewis’ Hist. p. 332.-ED.] 42 For this passage, see edition 1563, pp. 95, 96; also the Latin Edition, 1559, p. 13.-ED. 43 In Lewis’s History, p. 64, another version of this story is given, which has been repeated by many writers on the reformers, to the rejection of this more sober account from Foxe’s own Pen. The point of difference in Lewis’s History, quoted from Bale, p. 469, is this: “Dr. Wickliff immediately recovering strenght, callled his servants to him, and ordered them to raise him a little on his pillows, which when they had done, he said with a loud voice, ‘I shall not die, but live, and declare the evil deeds of the friars;’ on which the doctors, etc. departed from him in confusion, and Dr. Wickliff recovered.”-ED. 44 See the Appendix. 45 Id est, “indigne haec facit," 29 exponit Joan. Huss. [Lat. Ed. p. 26.-ED.] 46 This article is either slanderously reported, or else can hardly be defended. [This sixth article is inserted from the Latin Edition, p. 26, “Deus debet obedire diabolo,” to which our author attaches a sidenote, “Calumniam sapit.” It is also referred infra, p. 32. See Appendix. 30 -ED.] 47 He meaneth church goods not to be so peculiar to ministers, but that they may be taken away if they so deserve. 48 “ Hunc articulum explanat et emollit Joan. Huss." 32 Lat. Ed. p. 26.-ED. 49 This article, peradventure, was not so straitly meant of him as it was gathered of them, as is aforesaid. 50 This article expoundeth the 10th article above. [“ Forte adversarii depravant articulum.” See the Latin Edition, p. 26.-ED.] 51 From the edition of 1563, 33 p. 97, and the Latin Edition, 1559, p. 14.

Foxe, however, there says that the archbishop’s “mandate was sent to Robert Rygge, that by his means the condemnation of the conclusions should be published throughout the whole university.” But the fact is, that this mandate was sent first to Peter Stokes May 28th, and then to the bishop of London May 30th: and another mandate was sent to Rygge, dated May 30th, to assist Stokes in the publication of the sentence (See infra, p. 25, note (3)). The mandate now sent to Stokes is given by Lewis (p. 371) from MS. Cotton, Cleopatra E. 2, fol. 155; it is also found in Walden’s ‘Fasciculus Zizaniorum Wiclevi,’ fol 63 b, apud Bodleianum; and is the same mutatis mutandis as that sent to the bishop of London, of which a translation is given in the text: it opens thus:— “Willielmus, permissione divina Cautuariensis archiepiscopus, totius Angliae primas et apostolicae sedis legatus, dilecto in Christo filio fratri Petro Stokys, sacrae paginae professori, ordinis Carmelitarum, salutem gratiam, et benedictionem. Ecclesiarum praelati circa gregis Domini sibi commissi, etc. (usque ad, ‘ferimus in his scriptis.’”) Then follow the heretical and erroneous conclusions; after which the letter concludes thus— “ In quorum omnium testimonium sigillum nostrum privatum duximus apponendum Dat. in Manerio nostro de Otteford, 280 die mensis Mail, A.D. 1382, et nostrae translationis anno primo.”—ED. 52 Yea, rather, for the honor of your pope, and the destruction of christian faith.

MATTERS INCIDENT OF ROBERT RYGGE 1 See the Appendix. 2 Edition 1563, p. 97, and Latin Edition, 1559, p. 14-ED. 3 Edition 1563, p. 101, and Latin Edition, p. 19.-ED. 4 See the Appendix. 5 The following is the letter, as transcribed from Walden’s ‘Fasciculus.’

See Appendix. 41 -ED.

Litera quam misit archiepiscopus cancellario Oxon., ut assisteret fratri Petro Stokys in publicatione ejusdem commissionis sub hac forma.

In Christo fili, miramur non modicum et turbamur, qoud, cum ille Magister Nicolaus Herforde super praedicationibus et doctrina haereticarum et erronearum conclusionurn notorie reddatur suspectus, sicut nos vobis alias retulisse meminimus, extunc vos sibi adeo favorabilem [sic M.S.] exhibuistis, ut excellenciorem et digniorem anni sermonem in Universitate vestra vobis et cancellario qui pro tempore fuit deputatum, ut nostis, assignaretis eidem Nicolao absque difficultate qualibet inibi praedicandum. Vobis ergo consulimus et hortamur in visceribus Jesu Christi quod talibus nullurm de caetero praesumatis impartiri favorem, ne ipsorum secta et numero unus esse videamini, et exinde contra vos officii vestri debiturn nos oporteat exercere: Quoniam adversus hujusmodi praesumptorum audaciam dominus noster Rex et Proceres regni in processus nostri subsidium nobis et suffraganeis nostris sic promiserunt assistere, quod per Dei gratiam dincius non regnabunt. Et ut talium praesumptorum consortia et opiniones erroneas abhorrere dicamini [sic MS. pro discamini], dilecto filio meo fratri Petro Stokys sacrae paginae professori ordinis Carmelitarum in publicatione literature nostrarum sibi contra conclusiones hujusmodi directarum pro defencione catholicae fidei viriliter adhaerere curetis, et literas illas in scholls theologicis Universitatis praedictae per Bedellum illius facultatis in proxima lectura inibi facienda absque diminutione quacunque faciatis effectualiter publicari, nobis illico rescribentes quid feceritis in hac parte. Scriptum in manerio nostro de Otteforde penultimo die Mail Semper in Christo Valete.”-ED. 6 Edition 1563, p. 101, and Latin Edition, 1559, p. 19.-ED. 7 In the first Edition of Foxe, p. 97, and the Latin, 1559, p. 14, the notes on Reppyngdon’s sermon slightly vary from later editions. They are as follow: “First, Whoso doth recommend the pope or bishops above the temporal lords, doeth contrary and against the holy Scripture.

Secondly, That Master Wickliff is a,true catholic doctor. Thirdly, That Wickliff never determined or talked otherwise, as touching the matter of the sacrament of the altar, than according to the mind and intent of the whole universal church of God. Fourthly, That his opinion concerning the sacrament of the altar is most true.” At p. 102 of the same edition, the first note is thus stated: “That temporal lords ought to be recommended and prayed for in sermons before the pope or any bishops.” Whence the words in the text between asterisks are inserted.

The corresponding words in the Latin Edition, p. 19, are these: “Dominos temporales debere prius recommendari in sermonibus quam papam vel episcopos.” -ED. 8 “ Nec interim conquiescit irrequietus Carmelita." 43 Latin Edition, p. 19.-ED. 9 See Edition of 1563, p. 97, and Latin Edition, 1559, p. 15.-ED. 10 See Appendix. 11 June 10th. See Appendix. 46 -ED. 12 Wednesday, June 11th.-ED. 13 See the Appendix. 14 See supra, p. 21.-ED). 15 From edition 1563, p. 97, and Latin Edition, 1559, p. 15.-ED. 16 The chancellor reached Oxford by Saturday June 14th. See Appendix. 53 -ED. 17 All the editions, but that of 1563, read “upon.”-ED. 18 All the editions but that of 1563 read erroneously “suspected.”-ED. 19 “Ab actibus suis (ut cum scholis loquar) publice suspenditur per cancellarium.’ Lat. ed. p. 15.-ED. 20 See infra, p. 43.-ED. 21 On Monday, June 16th. See Appendix. 54 -ED. 22 Edition of 1563, p. 102, and Latin Edition, 1559, p. 20.-ED. 23 Ibid. p. 98, and the Latin, p. 20, where the proverb in Latin is “ab equis ad asinos.” This happened on Tuesday, June 17th. See Appendix. 55 -ED. 23 Ex. Regist. [Wilkins’s Cone. tom. 3, p. 160; whence the text has been corrected and improved in several particulars.-ED.] 24 Wilkins, in. p. 161.-ED. 25 Wilkins, in. p. 161. Foxe, by mistake, adds the name of John Ashton to this heading, whereas he would not answer.-ED. 26 Decretal. Greg. IX. lib. l tit. 1. cap. 1.-ED. 27 Decretal. Greg. IX. lib. 3, tit. 41. cap. 6.-ED. 28 Clementin. lib. 3, tit. 16.-ED. 29 Decreti Pars 2 Causa 11. quaest,3, cap 41.-ED. 30 Wilkins, p. 163.-ED. 31 The Register speaks here in the singular number, as if only one of them had made this challenge: “Et ad probandum quod Deus debet taliter obedire diabolo, obtulit se sub poena incendii ad quemcunque.” -ED. 32 See Appendix. 62 -ED. 33 “Dicens frequentius et expresse, sicut laicus, quod sufficeret sibi credere sicut etiam sancta credit ecclesia.”—Wilkins, p. 164. See Appendix. 65 -ED. 34 Ex Regist. W. Courtney. 35 “Continuavit,” adjourned.-ED. 36 See infra, p. 40, for the continuation of the Process.-ED. 37 See the Appendix. 67 -ED. 38 The “Utas,” or octaves, meant the eighth (inclusive) day succeeding any given term or feast. As Michaelmas Day falls on September 29th, “the Utas of St. Michael” would fall on October 6th.-ED. 39 The original French is printed in Cotton’s Abridgment, vol. in. p. 141, Rich. II. Pars l cap. 53; with which Foxe’s translation has been collated, and revised.-ED. 40 See for example the Royal Commission to the Bishop of Hereford infra, p. 195.-ED. 41 See the Appendix. 42 Foxe dates this “16th June, the 6th year of our reign,” which would throw it forward into the next year, A.D. 1383: he gives the true date at p. 38. If Hereford and Reppyngdon were aware of this letter having been just issued, it will quite account for their absconding between June 27th and July lst.-ED. 43 See supra, p. 36.-ED. 44 “Pro tribunali sedens.” Wilkins, p. 164.-ED. 45 As appears by the following citation from the Register, printed in Wilkins, tom. 3, p. 165. “In Dei nomine, Amen. Nos Willielmus, permissione divina Cant. archiepiseopus, totius Angliae primas, et apostolicae sedis legatus, quandam appellationem praetensam cujus tenor inferins continetur, per magistros Nicolaum Hereford et Philippum de Reppyngdon canonicum regularem monasterii beatae Mariae de pratis Leycestr. Lincoln. dioec, professores sacrae paginae se dicentes et eorum quilibet, et nonnullis gravaminibus praetensis per nos eis et eorum cuilibet, ut asserunt, et asserit eorum quilibet, licet minus veraciter, illatis; ad sedem apostolicam et dominum nostrum papam interpositam, ad quam nos referimus et pro hic inserts habere volumus, in valvis ecclesiae cathredalis London. necnon ecclesiae beatae Mariae de arcubus London. publice appositam et affixam, infra tempus juris ad dand. apostolos, notorie existentem frivolam et ex frivolis falsisque ac falso fabricatis et confictis malitiose conceptam, necnon errorem juris in se manifestum continentem, reputamus, et eam ideo refutamus, et eidem non deferimus, et hanc responsionem praedictis magistris Nicolao et Philippo et eorum cuilibet damus loco apostolorum in valvis dictatum ecclesiarum et locis aliis publice affigendam. In cujus dationis apostolorum testimonium, sigillum nostrum praesentibus duximus apponend. Dat. Lend. duodecimo die mensis Julii, anno Domini MCCCLXXXII, [1382] et nostrae translationis anno primo.”-ED. 46 Foxe dates this letter “the fourteenth day of July;” but in Wilkins it is dated “in manerio nostro de Otteford penultimo die mensis Julii, anno Dom. MCCCLXXXII. et nostrae translationis anno primo.” Wilkins, p. 168. The letter is as follows:— “Archiepiscopi Cantuar. mandatum episcopo London. ad denunciand, magistros Nic. Hereford, et Philipp. Reppyngdon, excommunicatos per provinciam Cant. “Willelmus, etc. venerabili fratri nostro domino Roberto, Dei gratia episcopo London. salutem et fraternam in Domino charitatem. Cum nos magistris Nicolao Hereford et Philippo Reppyngdon etc. [prout superius continetur usque “justitia exigente.”] Vobis committimus et mandamus, quatenus praefatum Nicolaum et Philippum sic per nos fuisse et esse excommunicatos, in ecclesiis et locis insignibus vestrarum civitat, et dioec, cum populi multitudo convenerit, denunciari publice faciatis: citantes eosdem, citarive facientes peremptorie, si valeant apprehendi, quod compareant eoram nobis aliquo competenti termino, per vos aut vestros auditores praefigendo eisdem, ubicunque nos infra provinciam nostram Cant. tunc esse confinget; ad vidend, et audiend, per nos procedi contra eosdem, et eorum quemlibet, super dictis conclusionibus haereticis et erroneis juxta formam retroactorum in hac parte habitorum et negotii qualitatem. Injungatis insuper auctoritate nostra omnibus et singulis suffraganeis nostris, nostrae Cant. provinciae episcopis, et confratribus, per literas vestras patentes, harum seriem continentes, quod ipsorum singuli eosdem Nicolaum et Philippum per suas civitates et dioec, faciant modo simili denunciari; quodque citent eosdem, seu citari faciant peremptorie, si poterunt apprehendi, quod compareant coram nobis aliquo termino competenti, eis per dictos confratres nostros vel eorum aliquem praefigendo, ubicunque fuerimus infra provinciam nostram praedict., ad faciendum quod superius est expressum; et quod nos certificent, seu ille eorum certificet, qui ipsos vel eorum aliquem citaverit, aut citari fecerit, citra terminum hujusmodi, literis suis patentibus, habentibus hunc tenorem.

Vosque de toto processu vestro in hac parte habendo nos citra festum exaltationis sanctae crucis prox. futur, certificetis per literas vestras patentes, harum seriem continentes. Dat. in manerio nostro de Otteford penultimo die mensis Julii, anno Domini M.CCC.LXXXII. et nostrae translationis anno primo.—Wilkins, 3, pp. 167, 168. 47 Wilkins, in. p. 169.-ED. 48 Ibid. p. 172.-ED. 49 Exodus Regist. W. Courtney. 50 Wilkins, ibid. p. 172.-ED. 51 A short time, my lord, for a man in one forenoon to learn a faith against his conscience! 52 “Ipsumque archiepiscopum in civitate sedentem impediverunt, cum processum fecisset contra Johannem Ashton,” etc. Ex Chron. Monast.

Albani. 53 This is not to seek that which is lost, by the rule of Ezekiel (chap. 34:4,); “The diseased have ye not strengthened, neither have ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye bound up that which was broken, neither have ye brought again that which was driven away, neither have ye sought that which was lost; but with force and with cruelty have ye ruled them.” 54 See infra p. 52.-ED. 55 See the Appendix. 56 “I believe to be very God,” etc. The English editions have, “I believe to be a very man.” This letter, given in the Latin edition, p. 16, and bearing date “Anno 1384,” proceeds thus:—”Christum autem, qui evangelium illud immediate dederat, credo esse verum Deum, et verum hominem. In Lewis’s history, p. 284, as also in a MS. in the Bodleian Library, it is also correctly given: “I believe that Jesu Christ, that gaf in his own persoun this gospel, is very God and very man, sad be this it passes all other laws.”—ED. 57 See vol. 2, p. 805.-ED. 58 The following Items have been collated with the Latin in Walsingham, and revised: the second Item, as here given, is omitted by Foxe, who gives but 12 Items.-ED. 59 “ Harerishly," 82 edition 1570; “harishly,” the subsequent editions: it means, “harshly,” in the sense of” violently.” See Todd’s Johnson.-ED. 60 “Sicque crucis beneficio factum, ut crucis hostes ita delerentur, quod unus ex eis non remansit.”—Ex Chron. Mon. D. Albani. in Vita Ric. II. 61 Foxe says “the beginning:” for the reason of the alteration in the text, see Appendix. 83 -ED. 62 There is a small tract freely circulated among the papists in Ireland, entitled” A sure way to find out the true religion.” Dublin, sixth edition, 1833. The writer, following the steps of Alanus Copus, and others, attacks our author by a reference to his calendar of martyrs. Of this calendar Foxe thus speaks in the fourth edition, page 583, col. 1: “In my book of Acts and Monuments entreating of matters passed in the church these latter five hundred years, I did regulate out a calendar; not for any canon to constitute saints, but only for a table of them, who within the same time did suffer for the testimony of the word, whom I did, and do, take to be good and godly men,” And again, in the same page, col. 2, speaking of Sir John Oldcastle and others, he says, “But this peradventure moveth your cholor, that in the calendar I named them for martyrs. And why may not I, in my calendar, call them by the name of martyrs, who were faithful witnesses of Christ’s truth and testament, for which they were also chiefly brought unto that end?” The use of this term martyr, in cases of suffering short of death, is allowable by the authority of Dr. Johnson, who thus quotes from South: “To be a martyr, signifies only to witness the truth of Christ; but the witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with persecution, that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness by death.” Notwithstanding Foxe’s explanation of his meaning of this word martyr, we read in the tract above referred to, at page 51, “John Wickliffe, martyr; this is another of Foxe’s lies, for Wickliffe was never put to death, nor yet so much as imprisoned for his heresy, but died in his bed at Lutterworth, in Leicestershire.” Let the reader compare this jesuitical insinuation of an untruth on the part of Foxe, with the above detailed account of Wickliff’s death, “quietly departing,” and sleeping “in peace in the Lord,” and a more deliberate deception on the part of his adversary can hardly be conceived.-ED. 63 “Ita ut cano placeret, quod juveni complacebat,” etc.—Waldenus 2. tomo de Sacramentis, contra Wiclevium. 64 In the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, No. 419, Art. 50, is an old document containing, amongst other matters, the history of the condemnation and search after Wickliff’s books.-ED. 65 Wharton observes, “We have as many of the works of Wickliff yet extant, as, if printed together, would make four or five volumes in folio.”-ED. 66 See the edition 1563, p. 98. 67 See Appendix. 85 68 The Latin Edition of Foxe (p. 17) reads, “Jam si sine dominio regnare jurat,” etc. which is not sense. The English editions read: “If it do suffice thee to rule with the Lord,” which also is not sense. The Basil edition of Bernard, col. 1528, and the Benedictine edition, col. 1490, read, “sine Deo.” The translation of the passage from Bernard is improved.-ED. 69 “Nullum tibi venenum, nullum gladium, plus formido, quam libidinem dominandi.” See this quotation infra, p. 71. Lewis (p. 51) and Dr.

Vaughan (vol. 1 pp. 361-365) inform us that the original of the foregoing document is in the Bodleian MS. Joh. Seldeni, B. 10: the latter, who examined it, gives an epitome of it, and says that it is a much more extensive and important paper than would appear from Foxe’s representation of it. See Appendix. 86 -ED. 70 Ex Chron. Mon. D. Albani, in Vita Ric. II. 71 Ibid. 72 See edition, 1563, p. 100. Also the Lat. edition, p. 18.-ED. 73 “Play the tyrants.” “Episcopi turanneuousi<, ambitione insaniunt theologi.” Lat. edition, 1569, p. 18.-ED. 74 “What marvel,” etc. “Quid mirum, si luxatis undique reipublicae compagibus, ruinam demum ac panoleqri>an spectare omnia videantur.” Lat. ed. 1559, p. 18.-ED. 75 The enemies of Wickliff have endeavored to overthrow the authenticity of this valuable document: for the particulars of this controversy the reader is referred to Lewis’s History, p. 183 to 192. Dr. Wordsworth remarks upon this subject (Ecc. Hist. Vol. I. p. 94 in the note): “As to the practical value and importance of this testimonial, we have ample evidence of the popularity at Oxford of Wickliffe’s person and his cause in the concessions and the complaints of his adversaries.” Foxe gives the writings of John Huss, as the source from whence he derived this document, and it stands at p. 24, in the Latin edition of his Acts and Monuments.-ED. 76 The bones of Wickliff were not yet commanded by the council of Constance to be burned. 77 Ex 2. tomo operum Joa. Huss. fol. ult. [See infra, p. 64, note 3. Foxe’s translation has been revised according to the Latin.-ED.] 78 Tiffs testimony forms part of a small piece by Huss, intituled “Replica Magistri Joannis Huss contra Anglicum Joannem Stokes, Wicleffi calumniatorem, celebrata die Dominica post Nativitatem Mariae, A.D. 1411.” It is printed in Huss’s works, edit. 1558, tom. 1 fol. 108, and Foxe’s translation has been thence revised.-ED. 79 Lib. de sensu et veritate Scripturae per J. Wicklev. 80 The original Latin is in Labbe’s Conc. Gen. tom. 12 col. 4, whence Foxe’s translation has been revised. The sentence was passed on Saturday, May 4th, A.D. 1415, in the eighth session, at the same time in fact with the decree given at p. 94, for disinterring and burning Wickliff’s bones.-ED. 81 “Unwholesome,” because they teach against the pomp of the pope. 82 Because this “trialogue” teareth the pope’s triple crown. [The ancient crown or “tiara’” (mentioned at page 172 of vol. 2) was a round high cap. Pope John XXIII. first encircled it with a crown; Boniface added to it a second crown, and Benedict XII. added the third. This covering for the head of the pope, which has increased in splendor, as his church has increased in pride, is the badge of his civil right, as the keys are of his spiritual jurisdiction; for as soon as the pope is dead, his amis are represented with the tiara alone, without the keys.-ED.] 83 Upon this injunction against Wickllff’s works Foxe observes, “Rub a galled horse on the back, and he will wince.” By which he means, that the church of Rome, having been once made to smart under the attacks of Wickliff, was anxious that old wounds should not be reopened, and therefore condemned and reprobated his writings.-ED.] 84 At Rome, “nether barrel, better herring.” 85 See above, pp. 21, 22.-ED. 86 Foxe’s translation of the following articles has been revised from the Latin.-ED. 87 This article, omitted in all the English editions of Foxe, is here restored to its place from the Latin edition of 1559, p. 36. “Omnia de necessitate absolute eveniunt.” To this our author adjoins a side note; “Et hic forts calumnia.” The reader will also find the article in Orthuinus Gratius, fol. 144, and Cochlaeus, p. 10; it is likewise amongst those which follow, collected by William Woodford; and unless it is retained here with articles 44 and 45, inserted from the Latin edition, the number mentioned in the heading would be contradicted by the text, and the frequent and important references to the articles would be incorrect. The variations which occur in these copies of the conclusions of Wickliff are accounted for in the following extract from the first edition of the Acts and Monuments, p. 107: “As concerning John Wickliff’s conclusions which were condemned in the council of the earthquake, we have spoken before. Now, forasmuch as the slander of the adversaries doth further move me, it remaineth that we gather the articles exhibited and condemned in the council of Constance; albeit that I do not find all men to accord and agree, neither in the order, neither in the number of them. For William Widford [Woodford] in his ‘Impugnation’ [see infra, p. 64, note (1),] which he dedicated unto Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, numbereth them after one sort, and John Huss after another.” “And, again, the copy of Colen, which here we do follow, doth differ from them both, as the apology of John Huss doth declare, where the 14, 15, 17 articles are placed after another order than they be set forth in other books, as it shall appear by his defense, which we will annex immediately upon the articles, forasmuch as it is most evident that there were 45 articles put up unto the council of Constance, and in the catalogue of Calan is found but 44 articles.”—ED. 88 The words “vel episcopi authoritate” are not translated in the English editions, though found in the Latin; where is a note also, “De pontificiis sentit episcopis.”—ED. 89 This article is only found in the Latin edition, p. 27.—“Omnes religiones privates, indifferenter, introductae non sunt a Christo.” But in Gratian (fol. 148) and Cochlaeus (p. 10) it stands thus:—“Omnnes religiones indifferentur introductae sunt a diabolo.”—ED. 90 This last is not mentioned here by Orthuinus Gratius (fol. 148), who gives it as article 14, see p. 22 supra, and consolidating 11 and reckons but 44 articles; it is also omitted by Cochlaeus, who however introduces the following between Foxe’s 39 and 40: “Electio papae a cardinalibus est a diabolo introducta.”—ED. 91 Foxe’s translation has been revised from the Latin in Orth. Gratius’s ‘Fasciculus,’ fol. 95.-ED. 92 Tractat. frat. W. Woodford contra Trialogum Wicklevi. [ See the Appendix. 89 -ED.] 93 See edition 1563, p. 108. The reader’s attention is particularly directed to this passage, as it accounts for the “hard and strange things,” which are set forth in Wickliff’s articles. They seem, indeed, in some cases, to be isolated passages extracted from his writings, or casual expressions falsely reported, to suit the malicious intentions of his enemies. It is needless to add, that the Romish church has never ceased to adduce these adulterated articles, as proofs of the dangerous doctrines of the reformer; and this, too, in such strong terms as would well nigh shake our confidence in the general soundness of Wickliff’s views, were it not that we possess abundance of his other writings to refute the slander, and to confirm us in the opinion of his piety and sincerity.

One of his greatest works was the translation of the New Testament into the vulgar tongue, of which Foxe very singularly takes no particular notice; the following is its title:—” The New Testament, with the Lessons taken out of the Old Law, read in churches according to the use of Saturn; translated into English from the vulgar Latin by John Wickliff, D.D., rector of Lutterworth. 1380.” 94 Foxe derived the following defense of some of Wickliff’s articles by John Huss from a work which he cites in the note (2) at p. 58 supra; the title of the work is “Johannis Huss et Hieronymi Pragensis confessorurn Christi Historia et Monumenta, etc.,” printed in two vols. folio at Nuremberg, 1558, and again, with a copious index, in 1715. Extensive corrections have been thence made in Foxe’s translation. The references to Canon Law were very often corrupt.—\parED. 95 Greg. dist. 43, cap. 1, “Sit rector.” 96 “Hist. et Mon. Joh. Huss, etc.” tom. 1 fol. 113.-ED. 97 This passage is quoted by Wicliff, supra, p. 56.-ED. 98 Commenting on Job 41:13: “In collo ejus morabitur fortitudo, et faciem ejus praecedet egestas.”-ED. 99 The Editor has not been able to trace this passage in Chrysostome’s works.-ED. 100 “Operibus credite.” Latin edition, p. 37, and ,“Hist. et Mon.” tom. fol. 116. The English editions most absurdly render this, “Trust unto your good works.”-ED. 101 See before, p. 74.-ED. 102 Ibid.-ED. 103 Here John Huss begins a recapitulation of the whole subject.-ED. 104 ‘Prevenient,’ going before.-ED. 105 “Hist. et Monum. Joh. Huss, etc.” tom. 1 fol. 117. There are five-andtwenty reasons alleged; but perhaps Foxe intended, that there were only “four -and-twenty reasons out of the Scriptures .”-ED. 106 Or rather, in Leviticus 24:9.-ED. 107 This passage is not in the Latin edition, nor in the “Hist. et Mon.” tom. 1 fol. 119.-ED. 108 The words between brackets are not in “Hist. et Mon.,” nor in the decree.-ED. 109 See below, p. 88.-ED. 110 Foxe here takes up Huss’s 42nd reason. 98 “Hist. et Mon.” tom. 1 fol. 124.-ED. 111 “Cum stolis et casulis.”-ED 112 The foregoing passage, commencing above at “Forsomuch as mention is here made of Hildegard,” etc. (p. 86), is not in Huss, but introduced by Foxe parenthetically, and, we may add, superfluously, inasmuch as the whole passage has been already given at vol. 2 p. 354.-ED. 113 The ensuing paragraph is printed in all the editions of Foxe in large type, as though it were a piece of his own writing; whereas it is the conclusion of John Huss’s argument, and pieces on with the passage ending “spent unprofitably,” toward the bottom of p. 86. It is therefore printed in small type, revised from the original. See “Hist. et Mort. Joh. Huss,” etc. Noribergae, 1558, fol. 125.-ED. 114 “Hist. et Mort.” tom. 1 fol. 125.-ED. 115 “Eleemosyna est opus, quo datur aliquid indigenti in corpore, ex compassione propter Deum; vel quod datur, vel datum est, ex compassione indigenti corporaliter propter Deum.—See the Latin edition, 1559, p. 48.—ED). 116 An extract from the Latin is here subjoined. “Et hoc apparet ex ipso nomine. Nam in Graeco a misericordia derivatur, sicut Latine miseratio a misericordia: sic eleemosyna ab elemonia, quod est misericordia, et sina, quod est mandatum, id est, mandatum misericordiae: vel elimonia, per ‘i,’ melius; et tunc dicitur ab ‘eli’ quod est ‘Deus,’ et ‘sina,’ quod est ‘mandatum,’ quasi mandatum Dei, ut dicit Januensis in suo Catholicon.” Pp. 48, 49; and Hist. et Mon. Joh. Huss, fol. 126.

Respecting the “Catholicon,” see Appendix. 102 -ED. 117 Haec indefinita.” See the Latin edition, p. 50.-ED. 118 The following decree was passed 30 years and 4 months after Wickliff’s death: but it was not executed till the 40th or 44th year after his death: see the Appendix. 103 Foxe’s translation has been revised from Labbe’s Conc. tom. 12. See supra, p. 60, note.-ED. 119 Ex actis concilii Constan. 120 See the edition of 1563, p. 105, and the Latin edition of 1559, p. 23.-ED. 121 See the passage of Clemangis translated at length, at p. 415 of this volume.-ED. 122 See the note (1) in Page 94-ED. 123 Upon this subject a modern Romish writer observes, “A spirit of candor, would have led you to the discovery of something like toleration, in the conduct of your illustrious founder Wickeham, and his brethren; who, whilst they condemned Wickliff’s errors, left his person unpunished and unmolested during the whole of his life; and an impartial view of the dreadfull effects of his doctrine, in this and other countries, would have made you see, in the ordinance of the council against his memory and remains, not an act of vengeance, but a wise and salutary instruction to mankind.”—See Letters to a Prebendary; p. 74; by the Rt. Reverend J. Milner, D. D. The reader may judge by these remarks, how far the church of Rome that now is, differs from the church of Rome in 1415.-ED. 124 See edition 1563 p. 137.-ED.

HOW THE GOSPEL SPRANG UP IN BOHEMIA 1 The contents of the next few pages are from the edition 1563, pp. 130- 136. See also the Latin edition, pp. 53, 58.-ED. 2 See the passage of Hoveden, given more at length in the account of Richard I., supra, vol. 2 p.301.-ED. 3 Several inaccuracies in this paragraph axe corrected from the Latin edition.-ED. 4 See the Appendix. 5 Ibid. 6 Mauritanians, i.e. Moors.-ED 7 See vol. II. pp. 708, 711, 747.-ED. 8 Ibid. pp. 510, 598, 607.-ED. 9 Ibid. pp. 521, 610, note.-ED. 10 See Appendix. 11 Ex Registro Episc. Hereford. 12 Who expoundeth the Scripture more after the letter, let the reader judge by “Hoc est corpus meum.” 13 If such medicines should be ministered to you, ye would con your physician little thank. 14 Such as were in queen Mary’s days; as John Beard, J. Avalec, Robin Papist, and other like murderers. 15 See the Appendix. 16 See the top of p. 110.-ED. 17 “Buxom,” submissive.-ED. 18 “Yersaid,” that is, beforesaid 19 Here may you see the falsehood of the papists, gathering articles against good men which they never said nor meant. 20 “Holden,” that is, bound. 21 Note here how the papists use falsely to wrast good men’s sayings and articles. 22 Greg. lib. 4 Sententiarum. 23 “Not for thy;” that is, notwithstanding. 24 Something here lacketh in the copy. 25 Of this Henry Spenser, bishop of Norwich, see pp. 50-53 of this volume. 26 Or, Sheepcote. 27 “Notforthy,” that is notwithstanding. 28 Of this process mention is made before, p, 107. 29 If the pope may take from the friars, to cause them to keep St. Francis rule, may not the emperor take from the pope, to cause him keep Christ’s rule. 30 If the martyrs being dead, be not assured from grief of tarrying, much less can they assoil others from pains of purgatory. 31 Mention was made of this schedule before, in the first day’s act, p. 120. 32 Some thing there lacketh in the copy. 33 Rather, his father Mattathias: see Appendix.-ED. 34 Reckoned. [Supply ‘it’ before ‘was arectet,’ from the Maccabees.-ED. 35 Dung, see the Maccabees.-ED. 36 On “disperple” and “disperpel” (next line) see the Appendix. 120 -ED. 37 Foxe himself, however, supplies two subsequent notices of Swinderby, viz at pp. 135, 195, 196, from which it appears that he was still at large in January and March 1392.-ED. 38 The date which Foxe here assigns for the “time” of king Richard is 1401, although be gives the true date of the accession of Henry IV. at pp. 216, 221. But see the Appendix. 121 -ED. 39 The story of Walter Brute is not related in the first Edition. Ed. 1570, p. 566. Ed. I576, p. 457. Ed. 1583, p. 475. Ed. 1596, p. 435. Ed. 1684, vol. 1 p. 542. 40 Ex registro Epis, Hereford. 41 These conclusions and articles of William Swinderby here repeated, and objected to Walter Brute, are to be found before, p. 110. [But article IV., as it stands there, is here divided into three, making the total number here XIX. instead of XVII. See Appendix.-ED.] 42 See before, p. 112, note (1).-ED. 43 Ex Regist. Hereford. 44 A.D. 1392, according to modern computation.-ED. 45 This conclusion seemeth to be falsely collected, as were before the articles of William Swinderby. 46 This conclusion is not rightly gathered. 47 Llanwrin in Montgomeryshire.-ED. 48 Bykenor Anglicana, or Bicknor English, in Gloucestershire.-ED. 49 Libanus and Carmel, two hills; the one in Phoenicia, fruitful and pleasant, the other in the borders of Jewry, barren and unpleasant, which is Carmel. 50 In signo Gemini. Mark here, good reader, by this astronomical conjunction of these two planets, in Gemini, he meaneth covertly the schism between the two popes which lasted thirty-nine years; by which conjunction his meaning is, that God would have Antichrist to be disclosed, and his church to be reformed. 51 The beginning and end of the valiant beggarly friars spoken of in Revelation, expounded by Armachanus, see vol. 2 p. 756. 52 Grace. that is, the free favor, mercy, and goodness of God. 53 Bound, as a matter of religion, or as by the necessity of God’s law, and not man’s: but now tithes stand by man’s law, and not by the old law. 54 He meaneth, that necessity of tithes which standeth by the necessity of the old law, to cease. 55 If tithes be claimed by force of the old law, by the same law priests are bound to have no temporalties. 56 He proveth not contrary, but that tithes be due by the profitable law of man; although not by, the ceremonial law of Moses. 57 “Bound in one thing;” he meaneth, bound in all: either bound to all, or to none. 58 Here he expresseth his meaning plainly. 59 Christ, in answering to his striker, did not break his rule of patience outwardly. The precept of Christ to turn the other cheek, hath a privy comparison; as if he would say, rather be you con.. tent to suffer two blows, than to revenge one. 60 The cause here again of Christ was private, and his doctrine is to be understood in private cases. 61 He meaneth resistance for private causes, or for worldly goods. 62 He meaneth such wars of Christians, as the Pope alloweth, rising rather from private revenge of princes, for worldly glory or affection, than for any public necessity. 63 All this taketh not away the lawfulness of wars in case of public necessity, but only in private case for temporal goods. 64 “Such kind of wars,” that is, such kind as be for private revenge of temporal goods. 65 He meaneth those wars against infidels, stirred up and procured by the pope, upon blind superstition, to fight for the Holy Land, and not taken by princes in the necessary defense of themselves and of their country. 66 True miracles here of holy men not disproved, but speaking universally, the stable doctrine and word of God is the sure rule for men to follow. 67 This proposition of Walter Brute, concerning the wars of Christians not to be lawful, is not to be taken universally, but in particular case, as he meaneth, which is this, that such wars allowed by the pope, not for the necessary defense of public peace, liberty, and safeguard of our countries, or against public injuries offered; but only to go and kill the infidels, because they beleve not, having no other cause, those wars of the pope he liketh not. 68 Here is meant, and to be understood, not what public magistrates may do, in cases of righteousness, but what ecclesiastical persons, according to the office of their profession, should do, in not revenging by death, as they do by offices. 69 His marvel is not so much, why thieves are put to death, but why the judicial law of Moses in this point is broken, and in other points is straitly kept. Mark his meaning! 70 Take his meaning wisely, gentle reader. Walter Brute’s mind is not so, that no magistrate, being not without sin, may punish a transgressor, but he speaketh against such churchmen, who, professing the rule of mercy, show no mercy at all, but all rigor by their law, ‘ex officio.’ 71 He meaneth, of the pope and of the clergy. 72 He speaketh against the desire of revenge, not against the execution of necessary law done by magistrates. 73 The Judicial necessity of those laws he meaneth to cease, notwithstanding christian princes may borrow both out of those laws, and out of all others, what they think good and expedient for their commonweal. 74 His purpose is not that no evil doer should be punished in a commonwealth, but his relation prelates are wont to punish with death, taking many times for tares that which is pure wheat. 75 Hereby it appeareth that all his relation in this matter, touches only the cases of heresy and opinions in religion,76 By this it appeareth again, that his respect is only to the pope and his prelates of the church and not,to civil magistrates. 77 Ex Registro Latino Episc. Hereford. 78 Supra, pp. 18, 50.-ED. 79 Supra, vol. 2:p. 498.-ED. 80 Supra, p. 537.-ED. 81 Ibid. p. 599.-ED. 82 Ibid. pp. 356, 376.-ED. 83 Ibid. pp. 372, 377.-ED. 84 Ibid. pp. 376-383.-ED. 85 Ibid. p. 480.-ED. 86 Ibid. p. 485.-ED. 87 Ibid. p. 490.-ED. 88 Ibid. p. 411.-ED. 89 Ibid. p. 645.-ED. 90 Ibid. p. 329.-ED. 91 Ibid. p. 125.-ED. 92 De Consec. dist. 2. [cap. 44.-ED.] 93 Ibid. [cap. 74.-ED.] 94 Where was the pope’s holy water then, in the great pestilence in the time of king Edward III? 95 “Javel.” A slanderer.-ED. 96 “Trental.” An office for the dead, which lasts for thirty days, and consists of thirty masses.-ED. 97 Decreti Pars I. Distinctio 95 cap. 6, “Ecce ego.” This passage is cited by John Huss, supra, p. 67.-ED. 98 See supra, p. 49.-ED. 99 See the Appendix. 100 The following is a new translation, made from the Latin copy in Woflii “Lectiones Memorabiles.” See the Appendix. 133 -ED. 101 The double jurisdiction of the pope’s two swords cometh of Lucifer. 102 Ex Registro Herefordensi, ad verbum. 103 In Speculo Hist. lib. 25, cap. 89. 104 ‘Ideo et diabolus in semetipso de vobis sacerdotibus ait; Escas epulantium, convivia, et omnes voluptates in istis invenio; sed et oculi, et cures, et renter meus, et venae meae, de spumis illorum plenae sunt, et ubera mea plena sunt divitiis illorum,’ etc. [See this quotation also vol. 2 p. 781.-ED.] 105 Ex Catal. Illyr. fol. 546. [The whole of this page is from Illyricus’s Catalogus Testium, edition 1608, cola, 1801, 1886, 1887; whence Foxe’s text has been materially improved.-ED.] THE BULL OF POPE BONIFACE IX. TO THE BISHOP OF HEREFORD, AGAINST THE LOLLARDS.. 1 As though no learning were but in the church of Rome. 2 See the Appendix.-ED. 3 See the Appendix.-ED. 4 Ex Regist. W. Courtney, Arch. Cant. [ See Appendix. 137 -ED.] 5 For an article here omitted, see Appendix. 139 -ED. 6 See Appendix. 140 -ED. 7 See the Appendix. 142 -ED. 8 Ibid. 9 The bishop’s letter to the magistrates of the town thus beginneth: ‘Willielmus permissione divina, etc. dilectis filiis,’ etc. [Wilkins, Conc. tom. 3 p. 210.-ED.] 10 These be the words of the instrument: ‘Subsequenter vero praefati Willielmus, Rogerus, et Alicia reatus suos respicientes intrinsece et verentes, se nostro conspectui praesentarunt,’ etc. [Ibid. p. 211.-ED.] 11 ‘Sancta mater ecclesia,’ etc. [Ibid.] 12 Ex Chron. Monachi Albanensis: cujus est exordium ‘Anno gratiae millesimo,’ etc. 13 Ex fragmento libri cujusdam Wigornensis Bibliothecae, Ex accommodato D. Matthew Arch . Cant. 14 Haec ex libro Wigornensi. 15 Ex Hist. D. Albani. 16 The following translation is Foxe’s, collated with the Latin, and reduced to more exact conformity with it. See the Appendix. 147 -ED. 17 See Appendix. 148 -ED. 18 Wilkins and Lewis both read “Liberata,” i.e. livery or badge (See Ducange): Foxe’s Latin Edition, however, reads “character.” -ED. 19 He doth very excellently paint out the lecherous clergy. 20 He meaneth here Wickliff. 21 The copy in Wilkins reads “habitualiter.” -ED. 22 See the Appendix. 149 -ED. 23 Ibid. 150 -ED. 24 “Procationis (id est) of Wowyng.”-ED. 25 See Appendix. 26 Ex Archivis Regiis. “Plangunt Anglorum gentes crimen Sodomorum.

Paulus fert, horum sunt idola causa malorum:

Surgunt ingrati Gierzitae * Simone nati, Nomine praelati, hoc defensare parati.

Qui Reges estis, populis quicunque praeestis, Qualiter, his gestis, gladios prohibere potestis?” Giezita, qui munera accipit, veluti Giezi seu Gehazi. Ducange -ED. 28 Ex Chron. Monachi Albanensis. 29 The legend of the eleven thousand virgins, is one of the fables coeval with the close of the third, or the opening of the fourth, century. The story is as follows:— Flavius Clemens Maximus, the captain of the army of the emperor Gratian, had acquired such influence over the soldiery, that they proclaimed him emperor in the lifetime of Gratian, his master. Arriving in Gaul, and being well received by the forces of Gratian, which happened to be quartered there, Maximus, with their aid, made a descent upon some of the most fertile districts of that country, and visited the inhabitants either with death, or banishment. Their land he divided among the bravest of his British followers; and, the more speedily to people the newly-formed colony, he despatched messengers to Britain, to procure wives for the settlers. According to the story, eleven thousand virgins, with one named Ursula at their head, embarked from Britain; but, being driven by a storm upon the coast of Germany, where an army of Gratian, in pursuit of Maximus, was unfortunately encamped, these fair adventurers fell into the hands of the merciless soldiery. At Ursula’s solicitation, they immediately determined rather to die, than submit to the insults and shame that thus awaited them; in consequence of which, it is affirmed that they were all put to death. However, among the students of the divinity schools at Geneva it is maintained, that the above story was invented upon the discovery of an ancient inscription, beginning, ‘undecimil, virg.,’ and that instead of recording the death of eleven thousand virgins, it was intended to commemorate the death of one only, whose name was Undecimilla. The Editor gives this solution as he received it, without attempting, in this instance, to decide between Geneva and Rome. Pope Syricius was a zealous maintainer of the celibacy of the clergy, but that he gave over his papacy for the sake of the above eleven thousand virgins, does not so readily appear; for, in the same See which he held for fourteen years, he died, A.D. 398; the year in which the famous John Chrysostome, presbyter of the church of Antioch, was preferred to the See of Constantinople. see vol. 1 p. 312, note (l).-ED. 30 At Rome, A. D. 501. L’Art. de Ver.-ED. 31 Ex fragmento libri cujusdam Dunelm. 32 Ex lib. Guli Malmesb. de gestis Pontif. Anglorum. Ex Matthew Paris, lib. de vita Hen. 33 Ex Archivis Parliament. an. 1. reg. Rich. II. tit. 66. 34 Tit. 67. 35 Ibid. 68. 36 Ibid. 77. 37 Ex anno 2. tit. 70. 38 Tit. 71. 39 Ibid. 78. 40 Ex anno 3. reg. Rich. II. 38. 41 Tit. 44. 42 Tit. 46. 43 Ex anno 9. ejusdem regis, tit. 4. 44 Tit. 36. 45 Ibid. 44. 46 Tit. 26. 47 An. 13. regis Rich. II., tit. 24. 48 Tit.43. 49 Ibid. 9. 50 Ex an. 14. reg. Ric. II., tit. 6. 51 Tit. 24. 52 Exan. l5.reg. Ric. II., tit. 19. 53 Ex an. 16.reg. Ric. I1., tit. 20. 54 Ex an. 17. reg. Ric. II., tit. 32. 55 Tit. 43. 56 Tit. 46,. 57 Ex an. 20. reg. Ric. II.,tit. 22. 58 Tit. 25. 59 “Apposed,” examined.-ED. 60 Tit. 36. 61 Ex 21. an. reg. Ric. II., tit. 15. 61A Tit. 16. 62 Ibid. 17. 63 The 22 Rich. II. ended on June 21st, A.D. 1399.-ED. 64 It is ‘Barners,’ at p. 215.-ED. 65 Ex Chron. Albanensi. 66 Ibid. 67 ‘Male creduli in Deum et traditiones avitas, Lollardorum sustentatores, religiosorum detractatores, deeimarum detentores, et communis vulgi depauperatores,’ etc. 68 Ex histor. D. Albani, cujus sic habet initium, anno. gratiae, etc. 69 See Appendix 160 . 70 See Appendix. 162 -ED. 71 Albemarle,-ED. 72 Surrey,-ED.

HENRY THE FOURTH. 1 Edition 1563. p. 147. Ed. 1570, p. 614. Ed. 1576, p. 498. Ed. 1583, p. 514. Ed. 1596, p. 474. Ed. 1684, Vol. 1 p. 586.-ED. 2 Ex Chron. Albanensi. [The accession was on Sept. 30th; the coronations Oct. 13th.-ED.] 3 “The next year after:” read “the next year but one after,” i.e. A.D. 1401.

See Appendix. 163 -ED. 4 The archbishop’s chancellor. Wilkins, Conc.-ED. 5 “Continued,” adjourned.-ED. 6 See the Appendix.-ED. 7 Meaning the Fifth. 8 See before p. 224.-ED. 9 Ex Regist. Cantuar. 10 ‘Albe,’ a white linen tunic or cassock.-ED. 11 ‘Maniple,’ a kind of scarf worn about the wrists.-ED. 12 An inferior clerk, who waited on the priest, carried the bread and wine, or lighted the candles.-ED. 13 A pitcher used in the celebration of the popish services.-ED. 14 “Ostiarius,” which Foxe here translates “door-keeper,” but thrice before “sexton.”-ED. 15 For the Latin copy of this decree, see edition 1563, p. 142, also Rymer’s Foedera.-ED. 16 It is to be doubted. 17 Ex lib. cui tit. Calendariurn Bruti. 18 See Appendix. 170 -ED. 19 Ex Chron. D. Albani. 20 Ex Hist. Scala Mundi 21 They are printed in Anglia Sacra, vol. 2 p. 362.-ED. 22 Slain at the battle of Shrewsbury, July 21st, A.D. 1403.-ED. 23 Foxe has quite misplaced Badby’s martyrdom. See the Appendix. 171 -ED. 24 Ex Regist. T. Arundel. 25 See the Appendix.-ED. 26 Haec ex Reg. Cant. 27 See the Appendix. 175 -ED. 28 See the Appendix.-ED. 29 See the Harleian MSS. in the Brit. Mus. No. 420. Art. 12. “Excerpts ex Registro Thomas Arundeli: de Lollerdis. 67. (i.e. Statutum Regium in Parliamento editum contra Hereticos, valgo dictum ‘Ex Officio.’)” Also see the Appendix.-ED.] 30 He meaneth here of Becket his predecessor, who had his brains beat out in the time of king Henry II. (See vol. 2 p. 246.-ED.] 31 This gear hangeth together like Germans’ lips. 32 An argument far fet, that true doctrine consisteth in making one head of the church. 33 ‘Parochian.’ a parishioner, a layman. See Appendix. 182 -ED. 34 With all abomination. 35 See infra, p. 285.-ED. 36 See Appendix. 183 -ED. 37 Ibid.-ED. 38 Their article commonly was thus: that who so taketh upon him the office of a priest, though he have no cure of souls, nor license of his ordinary is bound to preach the gospel. [See Appendix.] 39 The editions previous to 1596 read erroneously, ‘To the people.’-ED. 40 Your ordinance! and why not God’s ordinance, if it please your grace! 41 Edition 1563, p. 147, “the tenth daie:”-Ed. 1570, p. 631, “the fifteth daie.” The “up-goyng,” in the text, signifies the up-going from the grave, not the ascension.-ED. 42 “Losell,” a lost person.-ED. 43 He meaneth God’s martyr, William Sautre. 44 Repington became a persecutor, after he was made bishop. 45 Wholesome enough for man’s soul, though not for your kitchen. 46 The Romish church must be established, by persecuting of true preachers. 47 If the touch-stone might try, truth should be known. 48 To grant real being of the body without bread, is as much as to grant the accident to be without the subject. 49 See Appendix. 217 -ED. 50 Though man accept the painting or carving of images, yet is it not the right way to learn to serve God. 51 A similitude of the king’s seal or letters, to prove the worship of images. 52 No similitude to be made between earthly things and spiritual, namely, when God’s word doth express to the contrary. 53 So you say, my lord, but God saith contrary, in his commandments,54 Painters’ devotion and the pope’s divinity do well agree. 55 Preparation of the painters to make a fair and a devout image. 56 A better sight, my lord, than to see blind stocks there to be worshipped. 57 My lord, your yea will not answer God’s nay. 58 Note this, ye worshippers and maintainers of images. 59 Miracles importing worship to be done to images may well be suspected not to come of God. 60 ‘Holy church’ of your own building. 61 Well spoken, my lord, for Lincolnshire bag-pipes. 62 And why then blamed Bonner Philpot, for singing in the stocks? 63 A fit comparison, my lord, and like yourself. 64 This rule, with the rule of begging friars, can not stand together. 65 Wholesome enough, my lord, if your taste were to savor it. 66 But it contrarieth not the ordinance neither of God nor of his word. 67 If priests would not slack in their duty, they should not lack in having sufficient. 68 Fallax argumentum secundum non causam ut causam. 69 Priests did so then, but our priests do not so now. 70 Ghostly mother? nay, an unghostly stepdame, to all God’s children! 71 By the law, none could challenge tithes, but the seed of Levi. Our priests be not or the seed of Levi: ergo, by the law, our priests cannot challenge tithes. As the priesthood is changed, so is the law changed. 72 Bless, but curse not, saith St. Paul! 73 He goeth near you, my lord, when he toucheth your tithes. 74 Thorpe! preach against whom thou wilt, so thou touch not this scab. 75 Well said, Sir John, of you; your holy mother stroke your head. 76 These prelates would be thought to be good, be they never so bad. 77 Here now lacked Bonner, to scratch him by the face. 78 Either Malveren, or else Sir Brian Blowcole. 79 Pope-holy church. 80 It is happy that he called not for a candle, and made a Scoevola of him, as Bonner did of Tomkins. 81 It is happy that Chrysostome was not here, or else he would have had him by the back. 82 But that word cannot be touched. 83 This clerk was well seen in the mass book. 84 Misty matters, for your blind eyes. 85 This salt was somewhat too sharp for their rotten flesh to abide. 86 Note here the crafty practice of this holy church. 87 No, nor any thing else, that is good. 88 If Bonner had been here, he would not have stroken the cupboard. 89 See what man is, God giving him up to himself. 90 As clean from thrift as from sin. 91 So promised Winchester in queen Mary’s time, but that passed his power to perform. 92 Such pearls would better beseem, my lord, your golden shoes. 93 ‘At illi clamabans dicentes, Tolle, tolle, crucifige eum.’ 94 When priests forget God’s truth, ye see whither they run headlong. The great infect the small. 95 He speaketh of priests here, and not of public ministers, appointed in the church. 96 He meaneth of private preaching to their neighbors. 97 True ministers may be made without shaving. 98 This sermon appears to have produced considerable excitement, both at the period of its delivery, and also at its publication. It is commonly called “a godlie and famous sermon, preached in the yeere of our Lord 1388, at Paule’s Crosse, on the Sunday of Quinquagesima, by R.

Wimbeldon; and found hyd in a wall.” The text: Luke 16 “Redde rationem villicationis tuae,” “Come, give a reconing of thy Baylywicke.” Casley, in his Catalogue of MSS. in the Royal Library, p. 273, mentions, “Tho. Wimbleton’s two sermons at Paul’s Cross, on Luke 16:2, preached A. D. 1388.” In the Catalogue of MSS. at Sidney College, Cambridge. is “A Sermon preached at Paul’s Cross, an. 1389, on Quinquagisima Sunday, by Tho. Wimbledon.” In the Catalogue of Caius College, Cambridge, is ‘R. Wimbledon Concio: extat quoq:

Anglice 1593, 8vo.” In the Bodleiau Library, is the same document, “by R. Wimbleton, an. 1388.” This sermon was first printed by John Kynge, without date, between 1550 and 1561. See Herbert’s edition of Ames’s Typographical Antiquities, vol. 2, p. 1098. In the first edition of the Acts and Monuments, the title of the sermon is as follows: “A Sermon no lesse frutefull then famous. Made in the yeare of our Lord God M.CCCLXXXVIII. In these our later dayes moste necessary to be knowen. Neyther addinge to, nor diminishing from. Saue the olde and rude English thereof mended here and there. “The phraseology and orthography which Foxe adopted in the first, do not occur in the subsequent copies of this sermon. In that edition, p. 175, he says, “neither is there any name expressed thereon,” and, “it seemeth to be of Wickliffe’s doing;” in the second and following edition he acknowledges it as R. Wimbledon’s Sermon.-ED. 99 The sentences in asterisks are from the Edition of 1563.-ED. 100 “Law of kind,” nature.-ED. 101 “Other,” or.-ED. 102 “But if,” unless.-ED. 103 Ed. 1570, Thistles.-ED. 104 “Thefftes,” hestes. Ed. 1563.-ED. 105 “Kind,” nature.-ED. 106 “O,” one.-ED. 107 “Or,” ere before.-ED. 108 “Makers of cloth,” “men of occupations.” Ed. 1563.-ED. 109 “Vndernime,” etc., “instruct, praise, and reprove.” Ed. 1563.-ED. 110 “Pray for,” “praise.” Ed. 1563.-ED. 111 “Bayly,” villicatio; bailiwick, or stewardship.-ED. 112 “Rede,” counsel.-ED. 113 Grenning,” grinding, or, as in Ed. 1563, “greeting,” grating.-ED. 114 “Cleping,” calling.-ED. 115 “Take none heed;” pass not. Ed. 1563.-ED. 116 “The lust,” etc.; the 1osse of their bodies they will more bewail Ed. 1563.-ED. 117 Johannes Chrysostomus, Homilia. 27. 118 “Cunning;” knowledge.-ED. 119 “Alledging;” “a strait alledging of al the floke that thou hast take of them thy lining, through their labor and sweat, and do nothing therfor; but let them goo astray, wandring for pasture and water, and none geuen them by thee.” Ed. 1563. p. 177.-ED. 120 “Mispended;” and in bringing vp of yonge idle fellowes nourished or taught, as it were, in a schole, to blaspheme God in al manner of poyntes of euil; liuynge in feeding, etc. Ed. 1563 p. 177.-ED. 121 “Leude man;” a layman, unlearned.-ED. 122 “Stinking;” stycknge. Ed. 1563.-ED. 123 “Light,” etc.; layer or earths of lustes. Ib.-ED. 124 “Blent;” blinded.-ED. 125 Esa. 22:Quis tu hic aut quasi quid hie. 126 “Queint;” quenched.-ED. 127 The asterisks denote, that words are introduced from the Edition of 1563.-ED. 128 “Riegge;” back-bone.-ED. 129 “Eare-rowner;” whisperer.-ED. 130 “Binimeth,” depriveth.-ED. 131 Valerius Maximus, lib. 7. 132 Morali. Greg. 8. 133 “Eize,” resemblance.-ED. 134 “Gledes.” hawks.-ED. 135 “The chinthe,” the keeper. Ed. 1563.-ED. 136 “Slowe,” idle.-ED. 137 “Sykkernes,” securityv.-ED. 138 August. ‘de conflictu virtutis et viciorum.’ 139 Bartholomeus ‘de proprietatibus rerum. 140 “Manhood,” madness. Ed. 1563.-ED. 141 Edition 1563.-ED. 142 “Lesous,” etc., even as beastes eate grasse, keping it under. Ed. 1563.-ED. 143 “Ginne,” snare.-ED. 144 Ambrosius de suo libello de Naboth.’ 145 “Priuities,” the Apocalypse.-ED. 146 “Bis,” fine linen.-ED. 147 “Brasile,” red color.-ED. 148 This addition to the sermon of R. Wimbledon is found only in the first edition of the Acts and Monuments, p. 179.-ED. 149 “Age;” ‘Elde,’ is used for age in edition 1570.-ED. 150 “ Leche,” physician.-ED. 151 “Caraynes,” carrion.-ED. 152 Antiochus Epiphanes. See Josephus in the Lives of the Herods, p. 883.-ED. 153 Ed. 1563 p. 180.-ED. 154 These words between asterisks, which seem inconsistent with the sentiment expressed in the preceding sentence, are not inserted in the edition of 1563, but they appear in the subsequent editions.-ED. 155 “Draweth him,” hath him by the sleeve. Ed. 1563.-ED. 156 “Neyther poure nor rych, aged nor yonge.” Ed. 1563.-ED. 157 Ed. 1563.-ED. 158 “Treate of kinde,” wryte on natural thyngs. Ed. 1562.-ED. 159 Words inclosed with asterisks are from the Edition 1563.-ED. 160 The following parable from Luke 12:16, is retained in the Edition 1563, p. 181, instead of the above. “As it is written,” etc. “of a sick man, a fowl belly-seuer, that said, I will gather ai my frutes and my goods; and I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up in store for many yeres; take thine ease; eat and drink and be merry.”-ED. 161 Nigh euen;” nere night or no. Ed. 1563.-ED. 162 For these, with other words similarly distinguished, see Edition 1563.-ED. 163 “Elengenesse,” from Elenges, strange, foreigne; alluding to the Roman Eagle. In the Edition 1563, the phrase “Abhomination of holiness” is used.-ED. 164 Antichrist to come an. 1400. This sermon ergo was made an. 1388. 165 In edition 1563, the words “and a halfe,” are omitted.-ED. 166 “With outfoorth,” outwardly.-ED. 167 “Leden,” etc.; “leden and teach to God by other wayes than by Christe.” Edition 1563. So we read in John 14:6. “No man cometh unto the Father but by me.”-ED. 168 For the words in asterisks, see Ed. 1563.-ED. 169 “Let,” hinder.-ED. 170 “Meine,” company, or a family.-ED. 171 See Edition 1563.-ED. 172 “Herberwid,” harboured.-ED. 173 “Louing,” praising. Ed. 1563.-ED. 174 “Chynch,” a covetous person.-ED. 175 Lamentations 5:16.-ED. 176 Edition 1570, p. 658.-ED. 177 See p. 234, note (1). 258 -ED. 178 And eleven months. 259 L’Art de Ver. des Dates.-ED. 179 Ex Chron. D. Albani. 180 Walsingham.-ED. 181 Ex Chron. D. Albani, part 2:[Walsingham.] 182 Ibid. 183 Ibid. [March 25th to August 7th, A.D. 1409. L’Art de Ver des Dates.-ED.] 184 Ex Cochlaeo 264 de Historia Hussitarum, lib. 1:[Ed. 1549, p. 17.-ED.] 185 See infra, p. 405.-ED. 186 “Mute,” mutter.-ED. 187 “Gaud.” a bauble.-ED. 188 If this be not blasphemous and derogatory to Christ, let the reader judge. 189 “lntimidate.”-ED. 190 The papists would suck our Lady’s paps. 191 Will ye stand to this doctrine, ye catholics? 192 Ex Regist. Thom. Arundel. [ See App. 266 ] 193 “Somner,” sumner, or summoner; a petty officer who calls a man to a court of justice; an apparitor.-ED. 194 Oh injurious enemies to Christ’s humility! 195 Ex Registro Tho. Arundeli. 196 Ex Regist. Hen. Chichesley, fol. 365. 197 The registers of the archbishops 269 of Canterbury, of which Foxe so wisely availed himself in compiling his Acts and Monuments of the Church, remain to this day indisputable proofs of his own veracity, and most instructive memorials of the pride and oppression of the church of Rome. The illustration on the opposite page differs slightly from that which is given by our author; it is, nevertheless, an exact copy from archbishop Courtney’s Register, which, by the obliging permission of his grace the archbishop of Canterbury, the editor was enabled to take, from the original document at Lambeth. Foxe adjoins to his illustration, the following verses, which must not be understood as forming an extract from the Register, but were probably the production of his own pen:— “This bag full of straw, I bear on my back, Because my lord’s horse his litter did lack; If ye be not good to my lord grace’s horse, Ye are like to go bare-foot before the cross.” The superscription in the archbishop’s register is as follows: “Injunctio poenitentiae tenentibus domini nostri non curando sufficientem quantitatem foeni et straminis.”-ED. 198 Erroris mater ignorantia, quosdam Hugonem Pennie. Johannem Forstall, Johannem Boy, Johannem Wanderton, Gulielmum Hayward, et Johannem White, tenentes domini de Wengham taliter obcoecavit, quod ante adventurn dicti domini archiepiscopi ad palatium suum Cantuariae in vigilia dominicae in ramis palmarum, Anno Dom. 1390, de curando et ducendo ad dictum palatium, foenum, stramen, sive literam, (‘mark ye grammarians, litera for litter,’) prout ex tenura terrarum, et tenementorum suorum, quas et quae tenent de domino et ecclesia sua Cantuariae astringuntur, per ballivum domini ibidem jussi et legitime praemoniti debita servitia more solito impendere dedignantes, stramen hujusmodi non in carrucis et vehiculis publice in sufficienti quantitate, seal modice in saccis sub latibulo, portantes ad palatium praedictum perduxerunt, in vilipendium domini ac subtractionem jurium ecclesiae sure Cantuar. Unde super hoc coram domino evocati, die Jovis in hebdomada Paschae in castro suo de Saltwode pro tribunali sedente personaliter comparentes, ipsius judicio in hac parte se humiliter submiserunt, veniam et misericordian pro commissis devote petendo.

Et deinde dominus praefatus, praefatos Hugonem Pennie, Johannem Forstall, Johannem Boy, Johannem Wanderton, Gulielmum Hayward, et Johannem White, de stando mandatis ecclesiae, et fideliter peragendo poenitentiam els pro eorum demeritis injungendam, juratos absolvit in forma juris, injuncta els et eorum cuilibet, pro modo culpae poenitentia salutari; videlicet, quod die dominica tunc proxime sequente, praedicti poenitentes nudi capita et pedes, processionem apud ecclesiam collegiatam de Wengham faciendam cum singulls saccis super humeris suis palam portantes (plenis videlicet foeno et stramine) ita quod stramen et foenum hujusmodi ad ora saccorum patentum intuentibus prominerent, lentis incessibus procederent humiliter et devote.—Ex regist. W. Courtney. [ See the Appendix. 271 ] 199 Act. Parl. An. 1. reg. Henry IV. Section 27. [See the Appendix.] 200 An. 3. reg. Hen. IV. Section 116. 201 An. 8. reg. Hen. IV. Section 114. 202 Ibid. 203 Ex Rotulo Parliamenti, an. 9 Hen. IV. Section 37. 204 Ibid. Section 43. 205 Anno 11. reg. Hen IV. Section 29. 206 Ex Chron. D. Alban. [Walsingham.] Fabiano, et allis. [ See the Appendix. 273 -ED.] 207 Ex vetust. Chron. Anglico, cujus initium est: “That all men called.” 208 See vol. 2:p. 95.-ED.

HENRY THE FIFTH 1 Edition 1563, p. 173. Ed. 1570, p. 663. Ed. 1576, p. 535. Ed. 1583, p. 557. Ed. 1596, p. 513. Ed. 1684, vol. 1:p. 635.-ED. 2 “Unneth” scarcely.-ED. 3 Ex tab. Festorum. 4 See the Latin Edition 1559, p, 981 Ed. 1563, p. 26l; from which latter the passage in asterisks is an extract.-ED. 5 Ex operibus et scriptis Thomae Waldeni. 6 See supra, p. 243.-ED. 7 Edition 1563, p. 261.-ED. 8 See Appendix. 9 Walden, in fasciculo zizaniorum Wicklevi. 10 1 John 5; Galatians 4; John 1; Luke 2. 11 Contrary wrote he, ‘ad Parliamentum.’ Ex Waldeno. 12 This request was lawful. 13 “Mammetry,” Puppet, or idol-worship.-ED. 14 The wolf was hungry, he must needs be fed with blood. 15 A tyrannous whore is that mother. 16 What could be more reasonably said, if they had reason to receive it? 17 Ex magno processu Thomae Arundel. 18 Ex vetusto exemplari Londinensium. 19 Antichrist alloweth not this faith. 20 Neither will Scripture nor reason serve. This opinion hath St. Augustine. 21 A heresy after the papists’ making. 22 The determination of the church must stand, whatsoever Paul saith. 23 A heresy after the papists. 24 Consider him to be then in shrewd handling. 25 Walden, contra Wicklevistas, lib. 2. dr. 3. cap. 67. 26 How we may judge, or not judge, by the Scriptures. 27 Walden, in praefatione Doctrin. 7: 28 Hieron. in breviario minori. 29 Luke 11, John 10. 30 Note, I pray you, how those are counted traitors and seditious, who teach, or cause God’s truth to be taught. 31 Luke 23, John 19. 32 The material cross is not ‘material’ to our faith. 33 These men seem to stand only upon their estimation amongst the people. 34 Ezekiel 18 and 35. 35 Ex mugrio processu Thomae Arundeli. 36 A true sheep heareth the voice of a true pastor. 36A As Caiaphas did Christ. 36B “Do him thereupon to death.” This was at his first trial, and before his escape from the Tower. This, then, is all we require to refute the calumnies which have been heaped upon the lord Cobham by Romish writers, and to prove that the religious tyranny of the papists, and not his own misconduct, was the origin of those proceedings which were instituted against him. Mr. Charles Butler, in his book of the Roman Catholic Church, confidently inquires, (Letter 11 p. 145), “Had not his practices with the Lollards, in their most revolutionary designs, and his encouragement of them been discovered?” It might be asked, however, If “rebellion,” and “revolutionary designs,” were the causes which made lord Cobham odious to the king and the ecclesiastics, why were not these charges brought forward at his first trial: and why did the whole of the above examination turn upon the vain doctrine of transubstantiation? He was not condemned on this occasion for conspiring against king Henry, but, as the records of the notaries, and his sentence definitive expressly state, “for refusing to obey the church;” the question of his imputed rebellion is not even agitated, and yet he is condemned to death, and all his favorers formally accursed.

Let the lord Cobham have been, subsequently, one of the most revolutionary spirits of his age, let him eventually have taken arms against his king, still the truth cannot be evaded, that, primarily, he was condemned to death for refusing to submit to the church of Rome.

This point being established, the cause of the lord Cobham may be left with perfect confidence in the hands of our author.-ED. 37 How spiritual these fathers are. 38 What care is here to hold up their popery. 39 Tho. Walden. in fasciculo Zizaniorum Wiclevi 40 Ex vetusto exemplari Londinensium. 41 In form of bread, but not without bread he meaneth. 42 A name of derision for the lower orders of the popish clergy.-ED. 43 Walden. in fasciculo Zizaniorum Wiclevi. 44 Never made he such an oath. 45 And this maintain they still. 46 The next few paragraphs are from the Edition 1563, p. 274. Why Foxe should have omitted them in succeeding editions does not readily appear. Dr. Wordsworth, in his Ecclesiastical Biography, vol. 1, p. 269, quotes them from “Bales Brefe Chronycle,” observing that “the history is not equally full or well told in Fox;” a remark which does not apply to the first edition of the “Acts and Monuments.”-ED. 47 Ex Statutis Parliamenti Regis Henrici V. 48 Robertus Fabianus, in Chronicis. Waldenus in fasciculo. 49 Fabianus in Chronicls. 50 “Disme,” a tenth.-ED. 51 Waldenus ad Martinurn papam, lib. 2, cap. 46, et in Sermone de funere regis. [ See Appendix. 308 ] Polydorus. 52 “Weld,” or “weold,” (Saxon) a forest.-ED. 53 Waldenus ad Martinum papam, lib. 2. cap. 50. De sacramentalibus, cap. 53. 54 Walden, Fabian, John Major, Polydore. 55 Waldenus ad Martinurn, et in prologo de sacramentis. 56 Ex Epistola Thom. Arund. ad Rich. Lond. [Wilkins’s Conc. in. p. 353-ED.] 57 Here is no mention made of the word of God. 58 Wolves clothed in sheep’s skins. 59 They call themselves humble, who rule over kings, and exercise the tyranny of the world. 60 Following Christ’s footsteps? clean contrary! 61 The universal church, meaneth, by a figure, the part for the whole. 59 They call themselves humble, who rule over kings, and exercise the tyranny of the world. 60 Following Christ’s footsteps? clean contrary! 61 The universal church, meaneth, by a figure, the part for the whole. 62 See Edition 1563, p. 275.-ED.

A DEFENCE OF THE LORD COBHAM 1 “Erostratus,” or Eratostratus, an Ephesian, who, to immortalize his own name, burned the famous temple of Diana, the night in which Alexander the Great was born.-ED. 2 “Bate,” contention, strife.-ED. 3 Al. Cop. p. 833, line 11. 4 Exodus stat. reg. lien. V. an. 2. cap. 7. 5 The first edition of the Acts and Monuments. London, 1563, p. 173, col. 2.-ED. 6 “If he may,” etc. Unless hindered by sickness.ED. 7 Ex vetustis instrumentis. [ Printed in the Statutes at large. 311 -ED.] 8 See vol. 1 p. 179.-ED. 9 ‘Quod diu sacrilega mente vixerit, et nefariae sibi conspirationis homines adjunxerit.’ [Vol. 1 p. 201.-ED.] 10 [vol. 1 p. 129.-ED.] ‘Quod ad Cyprianurn litteras daret contra rempublicam.’ [Vol. 1 p. 189.-ED. ] 11 Revolting as this statement may appear to the christian reader, it is nevertheless a well authenticated fact. that some of the blind votaries of the Romish church have actually introduced, among the solemnities of her worship, this animal, the head of which the primitive Christians were falsely charged with worshipping.—Edgar, in his “Variations of Popery,” p. 45, speaks of the ‘Feast of the ass,’ celebrated for some time in the Gallican church, especially at Beauvais in Burgundy. His words are these: “The friends of this ceremony had discovered, by their superior discernment, that an ass was the conveyance of Joseph and Mary, when they fled, for an asylum, from Herod, into Egypt. An institution therefore was appointed for the commemoration of the flight and deliverance; and the solemnity was a pattern of taste, rationality, and devotion. A handsome girl richly attired represented Mary, who, from some flattering portraits of her ladyship, was accounted a Jewish beauty. The girl, bedizened with finery, was placed on an ass, covered with a rich cloth of gold and richly caparisoned. The ass, accompanied with a vast concourse of clergy and laity, was led to the cathedral of the parish. The girl, who represented the mother of God, seated on an ass, was conducted unto the sanctuary itself, and placed, with the gospels, near the altar. High mass began; the ass, who was a devout worshipper on the occasion, was taught to kneel, as in duty bound, at certain intervals, while a hymn, no less rational than pious, was sung in his praise.” The following is an extract from the hymn, which is given at length by Du Cange:— “Hey, Sire Asnes, car chantez, Belle bouche rechignez Vos aurez de foin assez Et de l’avoine a plantez.” See Du Cange in his Glossarium, vol. 3 p. 426. Paris 1733. Also Velley’s Histoire de France, vol. 3 p. 537. Paris, 1761. See the Appendix. 312 -ED. 12 Euseb. lib. 5 cap. 21. [See vol. 1 p. 108.-ED.] 13 Vide vol. 1 pp. 104,109, 154,159, for the particulars referred to in the foregoing paragraph.-ED. 14 “Et qui quantum ad ejus devotionem pertmet et timorem, passus sit quicquid part potuit,” Cypr. 1. 4, Epist. 2. 15 See vol. 2 p. 86.-ED. 16 Ibid. pp. 539-567.-ED. 17 Ibid. p. 646, etc. and p. 653, etc.-ED. 18 See pp. 317-319.-ED. 19 Exodus Hist. D. Alban. 20 See p. 325.-ED. 21 See vol. 2 pp. 91, 106.-ED. 23 Bracton, in fine prim. libri. 24 Papae consilium callidum. 25 Alanus Copus, page 833, line 4. 26 Ex Regist. Episc. Norvic. 27 Fab. part 7 in vita Hen. p. 390. 28 An allusion to the African Philosopher of the second century, who in his Apology exclaims, “O falsum et audax nimium mendacium, viginti annorum exilio puniendum." 314 -ED. 29 Dial. 7 p. 833, line 11. 30 In Edition 1583, the words “thirty-three years” are given, and in the Edition 1569 the words “twenty-two” are inserted in the text, while the quotation from Polydore remains unaltered.-ED. 31 Lib. 22 Ang. Hist. 32 “Dealbabor:” see the Appendix .-ED. 33 “Sacramentaries,” a term of reproach given by the papists to the protestants, for their alleged errors respecting the catholic sacraments.-ED. 34 Hal in vita Hen. V. p, 2, line 80. 35 Alanus Copus, p. 833, line 12. 36 Papists cannot see great beams in their own eyes, who spy small motes in others. 37 “Potrues,” Porthose, quasi ‘Port-hors,’ a breviary.-ED. 38 See vol. 2 pp. 122, 340.-ED. 39 See vol. 2:pp. 214, 145, 161, 323, 579, 606, 783.-ED. 40 Ibid. p. 663.-ED. 41 Ibid. pp. 646, 653.-ED. 42 Ibid. pp. 407, 408, 427, 719.-ED. 43 Benno. Card. [vol. 2 p 122.-ED.] 44 Vol. 2 p. 613.-ED. 45 Ex proaemio ad lectorem. [See vol. 1.-ED.] 46 Copus, p. 130, line 18. 47 In praefat, ad doct. lector, 51:Acts and Monuments. [See vol. 1ED.] 48 Copus, p. 161, line penultima. 49 Copus Momus. Copus, p. 820. 50 Copus, p. 820, line 25. 51 Copus, p. 819, line 7. 52 The Pope’s Letter, and the Archbishop’s, for the Canonizing of St.

Gilbert .—Hubertua Dei gratia Canterb. archiepiscop, totius Angliae primas, dilectis in Christo frat. episcop, per provinciam Canterb. sal. grat. et benedictionem. D. papa, sicut ex literis ipsius manifeste perpenditur, de conversatione, meritis, et moribus beati Gilberti magistri ordinis de Sempringham, et miraculis a Deo per eum factis per testes et testimonia sufficienter instructus, de concilio fratrum cardin. ipsum mag. catalogo sanctorum decrevit ascribi, solemnitatem ejus constituit et mandavit per Canterb. provinciam solemniter celebrari, insuper et corpus ejus cum requisiti fuerimus praecepit ad honorem Dei et gloriam elevari. Vestra igitur Universitas huic mandato cum devotione con-gaudeat, et secundum formam in ipso mandato praescriptam, praedicti confessoris domini depositionem annuam faciatis cum reverentia et solemniter observari; ut apud dominum et ab illo vestra debeat et possit devotio commendari, necnon et ipsius sancti supplex intercessio vobis proficiat ad salutem. Valete.—Ex Lib. de Vita Gilberti Confessoris. 53 “Plenam in nobis aeterne Salvator tuae virtutis operare medelam, ut qui praeclara beati Gil-berti confessoris tui metira veneramur, ipsius adjuti suffragiis a cuntis animarum nostraxum languoribus liberemur: qui vivis et regnas,” etc. 54 Copus, p. 119, line 7. 55 This calendar, copied from the first edition of the Acts and Monuments, in red and black letter, will be found in the first volume of this edition.-ED. 56 Vol. 1 p. 369.-ED. 57 Sermo ad conventum sanctorum, in fine Eusebii, made by Constantine the emperor. 58 Stat. an. 2. Hen. V. cap.7. 59 Copus, p. 835, lin. 6. 60 Lib. 22. 61 T. Walden. in tomo primo Doctrinalis ad Mart. papam, in prologo. 62 Rerum in Ecclesia Gestarum, etc. Basil, 1559. 63 Copus, p. 835, line 8. Objection. 64 Star an. 2, Hen. V. cap. 7. 65 Supra, p. 353, 354.-ED. 66 Supra, pp. 37, 239.-ED. 67 Supra, p. 245.-ED. 68 Copus, p. 833, line 20. 69 Ibid. p. 836, line 13. 70 Ex constitutionibus provincialibus Oxoniae celebratis. Johan. Antho.

LORD COBHAM CONTINUED 1 Ex Rotul. Parl. [vide supra, pp.37, 38] 2 First edition of the Acts and Monuments, p. 174, col. 2.-ED. 3 See edition 1563, p 174.-ED. 4 This English story beginneth thus: “A Table of all the King's.” 5 Exodus Hist. S. Alban. 6 God's works and punishments are to be noted. 7 Polydore Virgil erreth. See his twenty-second book, p. 441. 8 Ex Hist. S. Albani, et multis. 9 “Tho. Arundel. Cant. archiepiscop, sic lingua percussus erat, ut nec deglutire, nec loqui per aliquot dies ante mortem suam potuerit, divitis epulonis exemplo; et sic tandem obiit. Atque multi tunc fieri putabant, quia verbum alligasset, ne suo tempore praedicaretur.”

HISTORY OF THE BOHEMNIANS 1 The Title is from the First Edition. 2 See the Appendix. 324 -ED. 3 Ex Cochlaeo in Hist. Hussit. 4 See the Appendix. -ED. 5 Ex Cochlaeo in Hist. Hussit. lib. I. 6 Peter Lombard. 7 See the Appendix.-ED. 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10 A mistake. See the Appendix. 335 -ED. 11 Ibid. 12 See Appendix.-ED. 13 Ex AEnea Sylvio et Cochlaeo. [See Appendix.-ED. ] 14 He might so be, if God had so appointed him; but where doth he so appoint? 15 If ye go to human policy, who ever saw any private case of England brought to the emperor’s court to be decided? If ye go to God’s policy, then show God’s word for it. 16 Ex Cochlaeo in Hist. Hussit. [See Appendix.-ED.] 17 Ex Cochlaeo 18 The prelates assembled in this council were numbered together with their deputies 1940, Philip and Cheney, etc. [See Appendix.] 19 Gregorius in Epistola quadam. 20 See the Appendix. 348 -ED. 21 “ Quod nullus presbyter, sub poena excommunicationis, communicet populo sub utraque specie panis et 349 vini.” 22 “Qued non obstantibus salvis conductibus imperatoris, regum, etc. possit per judicem: competentem de haeretica pravitate inquiri.” [Labbe’s Concilia, tom 12 col. 169.-ED.] 23 And how chanceth it that the chart of Constantine’s donation is not here mentioned? 350 [See Appendix.-ED.] 24 These were wise cardinals, they would not go into the conclave, but they would be sure to have their goods safe and unspoiled. 25 Smell here, reader; this made well for the pope’s purse. 26 Ex paralipomenis Abbatis Ursp. 27 See the Appendix. 28 A new translation from the Latin, 356 in “Hist. et Moll. g. Huss,” tom. 1, fol. 10.-ED. 29 Alanus Copus, p. 929. 30 Dr. Milner, in his “Letters to a Prebendary,” p. 80, remarks: “The safeconduct of John Huss was nothing more than a common travelling passport, to protect him from seizure or violence, on his journey to and from the council.” To this it may be answered, that “common travelling passports” were not in general use for more than three hundred years after this event: that it was not essential for John Huss to provide himself with one: and that, when granted, they were peculiar and special privileges, and, in every sense of the word, “safeconducts,” extended to travelers, when their rank, the importance of their embassage, or the peculiar nature of the times, demanded for them a special pledge of protection. Besides, if it be admitted, by the above Roman catholic writer, that the safe-conduct secured to John Huss protection on his journey from the council (of which the safe-conduct makes distinct mention), it must also be admitted that it remained in force during his stay at Constance, nor can it be denied but that the violation of it, in his condemnation and martyrdom, was an act of the grossest treachery.-ED. 31 This instrument of testimonial is introduced from the Edition of 1563, p. 195.-ED. 31A Leutomischl, or Litomysl. A manufacturing town in Bohemia, formerly a bishop’s see.-ED. 32 “Eique gratuiari, i.e. to shew sympathy and good will towards him.”

Hist. et Mon. tom. 1 fol. 4.-ED. 33 “Improve,” speak against.-ED. 34 “ Fidam nomine." 365 Foxe calls her” Faith.” -ED. 35 “Imposthume,” a gathering of humours and swellings upon the body.-ED. 36 See Appendix. 37 In the first Edition, it is stated that these articles were presented by Michael de Causis.-ED. 38 Dial. 6, p. 929. 39 See p. 424.-ED. 40 From the edition of 1563, p. 205. See Appendix.-ED. 41 This paragraph is supplied to complete the document, from the edition of 1563, p. 207.-ED. 42 The copy of the supplication before written, which was presented unto the deputies of the council, was here inserted, whereunto that which followeth was annexed. See page 440. 43 The like practice, in these later days, was used at Oxford against the godly fathers. 44 This doctor Naso was counsellor to king Wenceslaus. 45 The penalty of money was a hundred silver shock. 46 Bern. ad Eugen. lib. 4. [cap. 2. § 5; cap. 3. § 6.] 47 The cardinals do count it heresy, that they should be compelled to be followers of the apostles. 48 And how could this cardinal of Cambray 402 understand the books of John Huss being written in, Bohemian speech, which he understood not? 49 For this appeal of John Huss, see page 467.-ED. 50 “The” is put in: see above, p. 459.-ED. 51 The reference is to the first series, consisting of twenty-six. See page 459.-ED. 52 John Huss need not prove this article, the pope will prove it himself. 53 Ex purls affirmativis non consistit argum, in 2 figura. 54 Cap. 21. 409 -ED 55 They shall bring you before their councils, they shall persecute you, and cast you in prison, and bring you before kings and presidents for my name, etc. Luke 7. 56 The said concilium malignantium. 57 Many shall come in my name, and shall deceive many. Mark 8. 58 “Fatuously,” publicly.-ED. 59 “Scarlet robe.” Matthew 28:28.-ED. 60 Ex Epist. Joan. Huss.3l. 61 Probably Johannes Przibram, a Bohemian, as Foxe afterwards suggests.-ED. 62 Ex Cochleo de Hist. Huss. lib. 4. 63 Interea (inquit) nobis adhuc in partibus Rheni existentibus, pervenit ad Constantism, etc. 64 Ex regist. Imp. Sigismund. ad Nobiles, etc. 65 He meaneth, belike, that he should move the king in these matters contained in this epistle. 66 .See page 310.-ED. 67 This cardinal was the cardinal of Cambray. 68 This Paletz was the chiefest enemy of John Huss, and procurer of his death. 69 Michael de Causis, another bitter enemy of John Huss. 70 This tailor’s name was Andrew, a Polonian. 71 “Ex istis ulterius adverte incidentaliter, quod Dei ecclesia nequit ad pristinam suam dignitatem reduci,” etc. 72 Note that then priests were not married, and therefore he willeth them to avoid the company of women. 73 Ex Cochleo, 415 lib. 2, hist. Hussitarum, pag. 88. “Dico igitur Joan. Hus. neque sanctum neque beatum habendum esse, sed impium potius,’ etc.

JEROME OF PRAGUE 1 This preamble to the history of Jerome of Prague precedes the account of that illustrious martyr in the Edition of 1563, p. 242, where the narrative is divided into seven short chapters, written by an eyewitness of his arraignment and sufferings.-ED. 2 This duke John in histories is commonly called the son of Clement. 3 “Crucifige, crucifige eum.” 4 “Et tu de illis es.” Luc. 22. 5 “Si dimittis hunt non es amicus Caesaris. 6 “All that will live godly in Christ shall suffer persecution.” 2 Timothy 3. 7 He meaneth the long schism spoken of before, where three popes were striving one against another. 8 A quadrant, being four square, proverbially signifieth a man that is constant and immutable. 9 This nobleman did accompany John Huss, and, with certain horsemen, conduct him to Constance. 10 See edition 1563, p. 250; and the Latin edition of 1559, p. 67, where the story is less fully related.-ED. 11 See, where the prophecy is attributed to Jerome.-ED. 12 ED. 13 Ex Regist. Cant. [ See the Appendix. 446 ] 14 This Turming, belike, was then in prison. 15 This is true, speaking of the invisible church. 16 Ex Regist. Chichesley, fol. 217. 17 You should be better occupied to shake off the dust from your dusty pulpits. 18 To differ from the common sort in life and manners, against the pope’s law. 19 This Philip seemeth to be Philip Repington before mentioned, in the story of Wickliff. 20 I q. 7 cap. ‘Quoties,’ etc. 21 Mark well this catholic doctrine of the pope’s church, concerning remission of sins! 22 Mark how this doctrine joineth with God’s commandment and with his word! 23 Ergo, by this doctrine the just man liveth not by his faith, but by his confession auricular. 24 How can these priests be servants of Christ, who be makers of Christ? 25 Ex Regist. H. Chichesley 26 Note the doctrine and opinions in those days, where the gospel took place. 27 One head, that is, the unity of the church. 28 For these, and other words following in asterisks, see Edition l563, p. 276.-ED. 29 This interesting narration of the execution of the lord Cobham is from the first edition of the Acts and Monuments, page 276. The particulars here recorded are briefly repeated at page 281 of that edition, with the following variation: “In this manner, he, having finished the course of his life, commending his soul unto God, and praying for the salvation of his enemies, after he had exhorted the people to the study of the pure and sincere faith and religion, he slept in the Lord, An. 1418.” In the year 1544, John Bale, afterwards bishop of Ossory, published a full account of. the life and martyrdom of lord Cobham, under the following title; “A brefe Chronycle concernynge the Examinacyon and Death of the blessed Martyr of Christ, Sir Johan Oldecastele the Lorde Cobham.” See also Wilkins’s Concilia.vol. 3— The Registers of Archbishop Arundel at Lambeth.—Harleian MSS. in the Brit. Mus.

No. 420, art. 69; and 421, art. 132, etc.-ED. 30 “Aforenamed act.” See page 353 of this Volume. “A new and cruel law, which, at that time, was made by king Henry V., against the Wicklifiites.” Edition 1563, p. 281.-ED. 31 See Edition 1563, p. 281.-ED. 32 Among the many rumors, which either the superstition of the age, or the subtlety of the lord Cobham’s enemies were accustomed to circulate respecting him, was the following: “That at the time of his execution he requested sir Thomas Erpington to procure protection to the followers of Wickliff, and the maintainers of the antipapal doctrines, in case he (the lord Cobham) should rise from the dead the third day.” See Walsingham’s History, page 400. The reader will perceive, in this absurd charge, a distorted version of the above narration.-ED. 33 Walden, in his preface to his 7th book of Doctrine. 34 These verses are introduced from the Latin Edition of 1559, page 97.-ED. 35 Anno 5. Hen. V., act. 17. 36 Anno 5. Hen. V., act 17. 37 This suffragan [‘Dominus Hermannus,’ Cochl.] was a good man, and held with Huss. 38 Ex hist. S. Alb. ex paralip. Ursperg. 39 ‘Meretrix equitans super bestiam.’ Vid. Apocalyp. 40 Why then doth the pope keep still the old Jews’ ceremonies, if all things be made new? 41 See Appendix.-ED. 42 See the marvellous work of God’s judgment, in defending his people. 43 Out of Aeneas Silvius. 44 The original says “consules.”-ED. 45 A counterscarp, or outwork.-ED. 46 “Raby,” on the river Wattawa.-ED. 47 October 16th: L’Art de Ver. des Dates.-ED. 48 All these be errors and heresies, for that they speak against the pride of prelates and excessive dignities. 49 All are pagans, with the pope, that like not his superstitious and idolatrous traditions. 50 Great difference between a loving mother, and the frantic whore of Babylon. 51 We fools thought their life to be madness, and their end without honor.’ [Wisd. v.] 52 ‘Et os ejus sicut os leonis.’—i.e. ‘And his mouth is like the mouth of a lion.’ [Revelation 8] 53 Draconis lex sanguine scripta. The pope’s religion hath left all sense of humanity. 54 ‘Et vidi bestiam et reges tetras et exercitus eorum pugnantes cum illo qui sedebat in equo, et exercitu ejus.’ Revelation 13; ‘Et data est illi potestas in omnem tribum, et populum, et linguam, et gentem:’ i.e., And power is given him over all tribes, and people, and tongues, and nations,’ etc. [Revelation 13] 55 Note again the tenderness of this loving mother, the church of Rome. 56 ‘Et faciet omnes, pusillos et magnos, et divites et pauperes, et servos, accipere characterem in manu sua dextra.’ i.e. ‘And he shall make both little and great, rich and poor, free and bond to take his character in their hand,’ etc. [Revelation 13] 57 See infra, p. 564 note (I); also the note in the Appendix 487 on p. 567, note (2).-ED. 58 This article seemeth to be wrested out of the words of Jerome of Prague. 59 John Huss expoundeth this article with this distinction, ‘Non ratione meriti, sed ratione officii.’ 60 John Huss declareth his mind touching this article sufficiently before. 61 One head of the universal church, reside Christ, hath no foundation in all Scripture. 62 See supra, p. 561: also see the Appendix. 488 -ED. 63 See Appendix. 64 The pope neither preacheth himself, nor yet will suffer other good priests to preach. 65 See here the dragon casting out whole floods to swallow up the saints. 66 See the Appendix. 489 -ED. 67 Ibid. 490 -ED. 68 Fair words do make fools fain. 69 Christ heard the devil, but the pope will not hear men confess their faith. 70 Fear of purgatory hath robbed almost all the whole world. 71 So long as priests be.rich, they will never be true teachers. 72 He meaneth of claiming tithes by mere necessity of the old law, and not by the positive law of princes. 73 He meaneth the immoderate riches, and temporal possessions. 74 Ex vetustissimo codice manuscripto. 75 See before, p. 552.-ED. 76 The History of the Council of Basil is given subsequently in detail, in the chronological order of events (see p. 605). The council of Constance, as we have seen, commenced its sittings in 1414, and was dissolved in 1418: in 1431 a council assembled at Pavia, from whence it was removed to Sienna, and finally met at Basil on the 23d of June, 1431.-ED. 77 Rather for the religion of Antichrist. This cardinal belike loved to preach rather in the camp than in the church. 78 This Maynard was afterwards a great back friend to the faithful Bohemians. 79 This Englishman was Peter Paine.

BOOK 1 The period of three hundred years, to which the events here recorded pertain, commenced with the opening of the fifth book, at page 724, in the second volume of this edition.-ED. 2 Edition 1563, p. 347; Ed. 1570, p. 780; Ed. 1576, p. 635; Ed. 1583, p. 658; Ed. 1596, p. 605; Ed. 1684, vol. 1 p. 748.-ED.

Scala Mundi. 4 See Edition 1563, p. 347.-ED. 5 Exodus Regist. Cant. [See Appendix.-ED.] 6 “Cultus latrine,” that is, worship which is only due to God. 7 See Appendix.-ED. 8 Augustin super Psalms 21. 9 He meaneth they should not claim such riches by any exaction. 10 See Appendix. 515 -ED. 11 The manner of this disciplining was with a white rod thrice laid upon the head of the penitentiary. 12 He meaneth the wicked bishops of that time, whose curses God did bless. 13 This proveth sir John Oldcastle to be no traitor. 14 In ease of necessity urgent, they meant. 15 In this article is meant, that the wicked be in the church but not of the church. 16 Ex Waldeno. 17 “Whipped,” alias fustigated. 18 Ex Regist. Norw. 19 Ex Hector. Boetio. 20 Ex Antonio, 3 part. Hist. fol. 165. 21 “Illud novum mustum;” sweet wine. Lat. Edition, page73.-ED. 22 See Appendix. 519 -ED. 23 Ex Antonin. 3 part. Hist. fol. 165. 24 In the appendix 520 will be found, “Carmina quaedam in ejus laudem reperta,” from the Latin Edition of 1559, p. 75.-ED. 25 See Edition 1563, p. 362.-ED. 26 Ex Bale Centur. sept. [Interesting particulars, relating to these martyrs, will be found in a Dutch Martyrology published at Dort in 1657.-ED.] 27 Ex Aenea Sylvio, Ex Cochleo in Hist. Hussit., Et ex paralipom. Abbat.

Ursperg. 28 The history of the council of Basil is considerably abridged in the second and succeeding editions of the Acts and Monuments; the more complete history which will be found in the following pages is supplied from the first edition, namely, that of 1563, from which the passages in asterisks, with numerous other additions, are introduced.

See the Appendix.-ED. 29 See supra,, p. 420.-ED. 30 See the Appendix. 524 -ED. 31 See the Appendix. 527 -ED. 32 Ibid. 33 See on Panormitane infra, vol. 6 p. 600, Note (2). 34 Distinction 38, cap. 16.-ED. 35 “The force of truth” appeareth also in Aeneas, the writer hereof; although afterwards, when he was pope, he denied the same. 36 “Copy,” i.e· “abundance,” from the Latin “copia:” an obsolete use of the word. Todd’s Johnson.-ED. 37 Note what it is for a man to labor against his knowledge. 38 These kind of flatterers come now, in our days. 39 He meaneth Silvester II. [ See Appendix. 529 ] 40 The church is without spot or sin, is to be understood not by nature, but only by imputation. 41 See Appendix. 42 This saying of Ecclesiastes is not so to be translated, and also serveth to another sense than is here meant. 43 It is to be feared lest the church hath had many such popes. 44 These are the canons, and the school divines, and the begging friars. 45 How foolishly the church of Rome doth wrest the Scriptures, neglecting the expositions of the fathers. 46 They dote who say that the pope cannot be deposed for any other cause than for heresy. 47 If the pope be unsavoury salt, he is to be cast away. 48 A note for all naughty prelates. 49 See Appendix. 50 See p. 608.-ED. 51 See Edition 1563, p. 295.-ED. 52 Mark wherefore the popes will have no general councils. 53 see Edition 1563, p. 296.-ED. 54 See Ed. 1563, p. 297.-ED. 55 Edition 1563, p. 298.-ED. 55A Edition 1563, pp. 298, 299.-E. 55B Ed, 1583, p. 677.-ED. 55C It is no marvel why he alleged no more or better matter; for of naughty leather no man can make a good shoe. And note here how God withdraweth his gifts, when men dissemble and cloak the truth. 56 See Edition 1563, p. 310.-ED. 57 Bosa, a city and seaport in Sardinia.-ED. 58 Ed. 1563, pp. 301, 302.-ED. 59 He meaneth Panormitane and Ludovicus the prothonotary. 60 Mark, O ye bishops, the council of Basil contendeth for you, and ye will not understand it. 61 This was a true cardinal, out of whose mouth the verity did speak, who feared not the threatenings of princes, neither sought any worldly glory or dignity. 62 Note here the great godliness and most christian saying of this good bishop. 63 Note the sincerity of this good bishop, who stayed himself upon the examples of the primitive church, and not Upon customs and popes. 64 A D. 260.-ED. 65 Edition 1563, p. 304.-ED. 66 “Qui soilus primae tonsurae sunt clerici.” Aen. Sylv. See Appendix. 538 -ED. 67 Note the terrible persection of those days, and the great constancy of the godly, for the truth’s sake. 68 If these things seem so untolerable, what shall we say, when they make the pope a God. 69 They who teach this doctrine, are heretics and schismatics: but blessed are those heretics, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 70 This came so to pass twenty-three years after, when Christendom lost Constantinople and all the East parts, unto the Turks. 71 See note supra, p. 209, and vol. 1, p. 312.-ED. 72 Edition 1563, p. 308.-ED. 73 Mark how they are turned back who sometime favored the truth, and are now become liars and flatterers. 74 Edition 1563, p. 310, col. 2.-ED. 75 He meaneth Panormitane; who did conclude without the examination of twelve men. 76 Edition 1563, p. 311, col. 1.-ED. 77 Edition 1563, p. 311, cols. I and 2.-ED. 78 Mark the great constancy and christian zeal of this man. 79 Edition 1563, p. 312.-ED. 80 Edition 1563, p. 312.-ED. 81 Edition 1563, p. 312.-ED. 82 O marvellous despite and contumely in a bishop I for if Arelatensis had kept whores or concubines, he would have praised him: but to maintain learned men was a great offense. 83 Look if it be not spoken of them in the gospel, where mention is made of the beast which is fallen into the ditch. 84 These four deputations were four sorts of chosen men, who did discuss and determine those things which the fathers did conclude upon. 85 Verily this is no Babylonical cardinal, but of the immaculate spouse, Jesus Christ. 86 Aeneas Sylvius being present, collected this. 87 Aeneas, you did not so praise this council after you were bishop yourself. 88 Ed. 1563, p. 317.-ED. 89 The papists extol that which maketh for their purpose, but the contrary they contemn, whether it be Scripture or profane. 90 This deputation of faith, was the company of chosen men which did determine matters of faith. 91 St. Jerome unto Nepotianus, de Vita Clericali. 92 See Appendix. 557 -ED. 93 See Edition 1563, p. 319.-ED. 94 O Aeneas, you should have used such severity when you were pope. 95 See Edition 1563, p. 320.-ED. 96 Faithfully translated into English by F. W. 97 Note the christian zeal of these men, who would refuse no danger for God’s cause. 98 See Edition 1563, p. 322. 99 The history being more fully given in the first edition, the following pages, distinguished with asterisks, are substituted for three short paragraphs in later editions. See Edition 1563, pp. 323—327.-ED. 100 The following long list of persons and titles has been compared with that printed in Labbe a Concilia, tom. 11, col 635, and revised from thence: the titles, especially, are given more fully than by Aeneas Sylvius.-ED. 101 See Edition 1563, p. 327.-ED. 102 Probably Aeneas Sylvius himself.-ED. 103 Read the fifth epistle of Ignatius, and you shall see that the apostles had wives; and Baptista Mantuanus maketh mention, how that Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, had a wife. [ See Appendix. 576 ED. 104 See Edition 1563, p. 330.-ED. 105 A note for our gentlemen and lords, to learn how to hunt, and what dogs to keep. 106 Aeneas Sylvius, epist. 183. 107 See Appendix. 108 Ex Paralip. Abbat. Ursperg.

FURTHER HISTORY OF THE BOHEMIANS 1 See Edition 1563, p. 335.-ED. 2 Fifty-two horse, 588 Edition 1563, p. 336.-ED. 3 See above, p. 577.-ED. 4 Ex Cochleo, hist. lib. 7. 5 Note here the pope’s addition. 6 See the Appendix. 607 -ED. 9 Ex lib. Pragm. Sanctionis. 10 Ex Orth. Grat. 11 “By what means,” etc.; “by what means the flames of fire may be resisted.” See Edition 1563, p. 346. “Quibus repagulis fluminis impetus coerceri possit.” Ib. p. 345. The date 1457 is attached both to the Latin and English copy of this letter in the above edition.-ED. 12 See Edition 1563, p. 384.-ED. 13 For this epistle of Huldericke, see vol. 2, p. 8.-ED. 14 Ex Casp. Peucer. 15 Ex Cochlaei Hist. Hussit. lib. 8. 16 Anton. 3 part. hist. tit. 22, cap. 10. 17 Ex Paral. Abb. Ursp. in Epitaphio Joan. Zisc. 18 Ex hist. Caspari Peucer. lib. 5: 19 God’s holy angels pitch their tents about them that fear him, Psalm 34. 20 Ex Aenea Sylv. [Hist. Boh. cap. 62.] 21 Ib. lib. de hist . Bohem. cap. 51. 22 See Appendix. 23 Ex Fabia. par. 7. Ex antiquo alio Chronico. 24 Ex Regist. Henr. Chichesley. 25 Ex Regist. Cant. 26 The quotation from the first edition of the Acts and Monuments to which Foxe alludes, is subjoined:—“ Within short time after, sir Roger Onley followed the lord Cobham and sir Roger Acton, being a knight of like nobility and order; and so likewise partaker of the like cause and quarrel; a man endowed with like valiantness and godliness, whom we do read in certain annals to be hanged for the truth’s sake in the year of our Lord, 1441. And lest that this rage of persecution should not wrap in all and every sect and kind, or should not sufficiently fulfill all points of cruelty, as though it had been but a small matter hitherto to have murdered so many men, they began now to execute their cruelty upon women. Of the which sort although there have been many who have followed their spouse Christ, by torments, banishments, and death, yet the first in this number which cometh unto our hands, is Eleanor Cobham, a woman nothing at all degeneating from her stock, kindred, and name received of her ancestors, albeit that we can find or understand none other thing of her, but that for suspicion of heresy; that is to say, for the love and desire of the truth, she was by the papists banished into the Isle of Man; as Harding and Fabian do write.

Whom a few years after, there followed a woman, who, for her obstinacy and virtue, was greatly to be commended and praised, being called the mother of a certain lady, surnamed Young, she persevering even unto the fire, with a stout and manly courage, for the confession of the gospel was burned in the year of our Lord, 1490.” See Edition 1563, p. 371.-ED. 27 via. Centur. 8. Bal. cap. 4. 28 “Ascertain,” assure.-ED. 29 “Congrue,” convenient.-ED. 30 The former edition, p. 371. 31 Henry Beaufort.-ED. 32 Ex Polychron. 33 Polyd. Hist. lib. 23. Hall in 25 Hen. VI. 34 Ex Edwar. Hallo. 35 “In Dei nomine, amen. Per praesens publicurn instrumentum cunctis appareat evidenter, quod A.D. 1428, indictione septima poutificatus sanct, in Christo patris, et D. nostri D. Martini, etc. “Ego Richardus Candry, procurator et nomine procuratorio christianissimi principis domini Hen rici, Dei gratia regis Angliae et Franciae, et domini Hiberniae, domini mei supremi, de assensu pariter et advisamento illustris et potentis principis Humfredi ducis Glocestriae, comitis Pembrochiae, proteetoris et defensoris regni Angliae et ecclesiae Anglicanae, et caeterorum dominorum meorum de consilio suae regiae celsitudinis ac consilium ejusdem facientium et hac vice repraesentantium, dico, allego, et in his scriptis propono, quod dictus christianissimus princeps, dominus meus su-premus, suique inclytissimi progenitores dicti regni Angliae reges fuerunt et sunt, tam speciali privilegio, quam consuetudine laudabili legitimeque praescripta, necnon a tempore et per tempus (cujus contrarii memoria hominum non existit) pacifice et inconcusse observata, sufficienter dotati, legitimeque muniti, quod nullus apostolicae sedis legatus venire debeat in regnum suum Angliae, aut alias suas terras et dominia, nisi ad regis Angliae pro tempore existentis vocationem, petitionem, requisitionem, invitationem, seu rogatum: Fueruntque et sunt dicti christianissimus princeps dominus meus supremus ac sui inclyti progenitores, hujusmodi reges Angliae, in possessione quasi juris et facti privilegii, et cousuetudiuis praedictorum, absque interruptione quacunque, toto et omni tempore supradicto, pacifice et quiete Romanis pontificibus, per totum tempus supradictum, praemissa omnis et singula scientibus, tolerantibus, et iisdem consentientibus tam tacite quam expresse, ac extra omnem et omaimodam possessionem, quasi juris et facti, legatum hujusmodi (ut praefertur) in regnum Angliae aut alias suas terras et dominia mittendi, nisi ad vocationem, petitionem, requisitionem, et rogatum regis Angliae pro tempore existentis. Et quia reverendis, in Christo Patri, et D. D. Henricus Dei gratia, etc. sancti Eusebii presbyter, cardi. nalis sanctae sedis Romana, legatum se affirmans, more legati, insigniis apostolicae dignitatis utens, absque vocatione, petitione, requisitione, invitatione, aut rogatu christianissimi domini nostri regis praedieti, inclytum regnum Angliae de facto est ingressus, protector igitur palam, et publico in his scriptis nomine et vice quibus supra ac omnium ipsius domini nostri regis subditorum, quod non fuit, aut est intentionis praefati christianias, principis, domini mei supremi, ac dictorum dominorum meorum de consilio, in derogationem legum, jurium, consuetudinum, libertatum et privilegiorum dicti D. nostri regis ac regni, ingressum hujusmodi dicti reverendiss, parris, ut legati in Angliam, authoritate ratificare, vel approbare, seu ipsum ut legatum sedis apostolicae in Angliam, contra leges, jura, consuetudines, libertates et privilegia praedicta quovismodo admittere seu recognoscere; aut exercitio legationis, seu hujusmodi, aliquibusve per ipsum ut legatum sedis apost, actis, seu agendis, attentatis, seu attentandis adversus praemissa, leges Jura, consuetudines, libertates, et privilegia, in aliquo consentire, sed dissentire; sieque dissentit dictus dominus noster rex, atque dissentiunt dicti domini mei de consilio, per praesentes,” etc. 36 Ex typographia per Matthaeum Judicem. 37 Paralip. Abbatis Ursp. 38 Carmen Ant. Campani 39 So preached the vicar of Croydon in the days of king Henry VIII., at Paul’s Cross, saying, that either we must root out printing, or else printing will root out us. 40 See Edition 1563, p 362.-ED. 41 See above, p. 597.-ED. 42 “Recule,” to recoil or rebel.-ED. 43 Ex Hist. Wittenbergica Peuceri.

HISTORY OF REYNOLD PEACOCK 1 For this admirable preamble to the history of Reynold Peacock, see Edition 1563, pp. 363-867; also the Latin Edition, 1559, pp. 109-114.-ED. 2 Ex Regist. 3 Ex Tho. Gascoig. lib de Doctrina Theolog. part 3. 4 See Edition 1563, p 369.-ED. 5 Ex Platina de vitis. 6 Ex Platina. 7 Ex Tritemio. 8 The pope’s clergy will not abide the fire, either for prince, or pope. 9 The breath of this pestilent seat corrupteth all that sit in it, whatsoever they were before. 10 Aeneas Sylvius, now puffed up with worldly pomp and glory, impugneth the truth which he did before both know and profess. 11 Vol. 2 page 8.-ED. 12 Ex Stanisla. Ratheno. Cent. 8:Bal. [ See Appendix. 637 ] 13 See Appendix. 14 Ibid. 15 Ex historia manuscripta, cui titulus, ‘Scala Mundi.’ 16 Ex Scala Mundi. 17 Ib. 18 Ex vetusto cod. cui initium, riomina custodem, etc. Et ex Fabiano. 19 Edition 1583. p. 712.-ED. 20 Ex Scala Mundl. 21 Ex Polyd. et aliis 22 Ex Polyd. lib, 14. 23 Ex Polyd. et aliis. 24 Ex Edv. Hallo. 25 “Haeresim illam pestifere asserentem quod Christus publice mendicavit, esse antiquitus a Romanis pontificibus, cure suis conciliis damnatum, et eam pro damnata undique declarandam of conculcandam,” etc. Ex Hist. Scalae Mundi, fol. ult. 26 Ex Polychron. 27 Ex Just. lib. 1. 28 A spirit of divination, which could guess and foredeem things past, present, and to come which knowledge God, many times, permitteth to the devil. 29 See Vol. 2 p.95. 30 Ex Ambros in Examer. 31 Lib. 2 cap. 9. 32 Columbetz, near Semenaria, on the Danube. See vol. 4 p. 93, note (4).-ED. 33 Ex Aen. Sylv. [See the Appendix.-ED.] 34 Ex Aen. Sylv., in Hist. Bohem. [cap. 62.] 35 Ex Hist. Bohem. Aen. Sylvi. [cap. 65. See infra, vol. 4 p. 40.] 36 Ex Peucer. Chron. lib. 5. 37 Ex Aenea Sylvio in hist. Bohem. [cap. 69.] 38 Called once Pannonia Superior. To Austria be adjoining also certain provinces and earldoms as, Stiria, Carinthia, Croatia; provinces. Silesia and Tyrolentz; earldoms. 39 Besieged by the Turk, A.D. 1533. 40 This Hungary was first called Pannonia Inferior, or Poeonia. After the coming of the Huns, it was called Hungaria: of whom came Attila, who destroyed Italy, about A.D. 440. Through Hungary runneth the Danube, having on the west side, Austria; and Bohemia on the east; Servia, on the south side; Polonia, etc. The most of this Hungary is now under the Turk; which Turk first came into Europe, A.D. 1211. 41 Ex Peuc. Lib. 5. 42 Ex Joan. Mario Beig de Schismat. et Concilio, cap. 24. 43 Ex Joan. Mario. 44 See Edition 1563, p. 370.-ED. 45 Mortal sin found by the pope, besides that which is expressed to be mortal in the Scripture. 46 What is this article, but to make the pope a God? Christ left no vicar on earth. 47 This saying was taken out of one Cantor Parisiensis, who was wont to say, That pardons were holy deserts, because that laymen there were provoked, by naughty deserts, to give good alms. 48 The church giveth witness who were the writers of the Scriptures; but hath no authority above that which is written. 49 Dempto solo articulo de processione Spiritus Sancti in allis videtur non ira gravi censura, 654 etc. 50 Ex Orth. Grat. 51 Ex declamatione Agrippae ad Lovanienses. 52 Ex Joan Laziardo, lib. hist. univers, c. 284. 53 Ex Latino Codice impresso, cui titulus, ‘ Rosacea Martin Corona.' 54 This lord Stanley was he who was hurt at the Tower, when the lord Hastings was arrested. 55 Ex Polyd. et Thoma More.

APPENDIX 1 The passage referred to will be found in the Corpus Jarls Civilis, tom. among the “Constitutiones Feudorum,” lib. 2, tit. 40: these Constitutiones are printed immediately after the Authenticae Collationes, or Novellae of Justinian, of which Collationes there are nine, and these “Constitutiones Feudorum” are sometimes (as here) called the tenth Collatio. Cujacius “ de Feudis,” lib. 4 tit. 49, says that Frederic II., not Conrad, was the real author of this constitution.-ED. 2 Lewis would here read “Polycratica.” .-ED. 3 Haec est aliqualis responsio ad bullam.” These words are in the Latin Selden MS. but they are not in Walden, or in Foxe’s Latin edition, nor is there anything corresponding to them in Foxe’s translation. The bull referred to is no doubt that addressed to the University of Oxford, translated at p. 5 of this volume.-ED. 4 “Herydene,” earthquake.-ED.