SEV Biblia, Chapter 2:1
¶ Y l os hizo vivir a vosotros, estando muertos en vuestros delitos y pecados,
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Ephesians 2:1
Verse 1. And you hath he quickened] This chapter should not have been separated from the preceding, with which it is most intimately connected. As Christ fills the whole body of Christian believers with his fullness, (chap. i. 23,) so had he dealt with the converted Ephesians, who before were dead in trespasses, and dead in sins. DEATH is often used by all writers, and in all nations, to express a state of extreme misery. The Ephesians, by trespassing and sinning, had brought themselves into a state of deplorable wretchedness, as had all the heathen nations; and having thus sinned against God, they were condemned by him, and might be considered as dead in law - incapable of performing any legal act, and always liable to the punishment of death, which they had deserved, and which was ready to be inflicted upon them. Trespasses, paraptwmasi, may signify the slightest deviation from the line and rule of moral equity, as well as any flagrant offense; for these are equally transgressions, as long as the sacred line that separates between vice and virtue is passed over.
Sins, amartiaiv, may probably mean here habitual transgression; sinning knowingly and daringly.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 1. And you hath he quickened , &c.] The design of the apostle in this and some following verses, is to show the exceeding sinfulness of sin, and to set forth the sad estate and condition of man by nature, and to magnify the riches of the grace of God, and represent the exceeding greatness of his power in conversion: the phrase hath he quickened , is not in the original text, but is supplied from ( Ephesians 2:5), where it will be met with and explained: here those who are quickened with Christ, and by the power and grace of God, are described in their natural and unregenerate estate, who were dead in trespasses and sins ; not only dead in Adam, in whom they sinned, being their federal head and representative; and in a legal sense, the sentence of condemnation and death having passed upon them; but in a moral sense, through original sin, and their own actual transgressions: which death lies in a separation from God, Father, Son, and Spirit, such are without God, and are alienated from the life of God, and they are without Christ, who is the author and giver of life, and they are sensual, not having the Spirit, who is the spirit of life; and in a deformation of the image of God, such are dead as to their understandings, wills, and affections, with respect to spiritual things, and as to their capacity to do any thing that is spiritually good; and in a loss of original righteousness; and in a privation of the sense of sin and misery; and in a servitude to sin, Satan, and the world: hence it appears, that man must be in himself unacceptable to God, infectious and hurtful to his fellow creatures, and incapable of helping himself: so it was usual with the Jews to call a wicked and ignorant man, a dead man; they say f9 , there is no death like that of those that transgress the words of the law, who are called, ytm , dead men, and therefore the Scripture says, turn and live.
And again f10 , no man is called a living man, but he who is in the way of truth in this world. And a wicked man who does not go in the way of truth, is called, tm , a dead man.
And once more ``whoever is without wisdom, lo, he is tmk , as a dead man; (See Gill on 1 Timothy 5:6). The Alexandrian and Claromontane copies, and one of Stephens's, and the Vulgate Latin version, read, dead in your trespasses and sins; and the Syriac version, dead in your sins and in your trespasses; and the Ethiopic version only, dead in your sins.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-10 - Sin is the death of the soul. A man dead in trespasses and sins has n desire for spiritual pleasures. When we look upon a corpse, it gives a awful feeling. A never-dying spirit is now fled, and has left nothin but the ruins of a man. But if we viewed things aright, we should be far more affected by the thought of a dead soul, a lost, fallen spirit A state of sin is a state of conformity to this world. Wicked men ar slaves to Satan. Satan is the author of that proud, carnal dispositio which there is in ungodly men; he rules in the hearts of men. From Scripture it is clear, that whether men have been most prone to sensua or to spiritual wickedness, all men, being naturally children of disobedience, are also by nature children of wrath. What reason have sinners, then, to seek earnestly for that grace which will make them of children of wrath, children of God and heirs of glory! God's eterna love or good-will toward his creatures, is the fountain whence all his mercies flow to us; and that love of God is great love, and that merc is rich mercy. And every converted sinner is a saved sinner; delivere from sin and wrath. The grace that saves is the free, undeserve goodness and favour of God; and he saves, not by the works of the law but through faith in Christ Jesus. Grace in the soul is a new life in the soul. A regenerated sinner becomes a living soul; he lives a lif of holiness, being born of God: he lives, being delivered from the guilt of sin, by pardoning and justifying grace. Sinners rol themselves in the dust; sanctified souls sit in heavenly places, ar raised above this world, by Christ's grace. The goodness of God in converting and saving sinners heretofore, encourages others i after-time, to hope in his grace and mercy. Our faith, our conversion and our eternal salvation, are not of works, lest any man should boast These things are not brought to pass by any thing done by us, therefor all boasting is shut out. All is the free gift of God, and the effec of being quickened by his power. It was his purpose, to which he prepared us, by blessing us with the knowledge of his will, and his Holy Spirit producing such a change in us, that we should glorify God by our good conversation, and perseverance in holiness. None can from Scripture abuse this doctrine, or accuse it of any tendency to evil All who do so, are without excuse.
Greek Textus Receptus
και 2532 υμας 5209 οντας 5607 5752 νεκρους 3498 τοις 3588 παραπτωμασιν 3900 και 2532 ταις 3588 αμαρτιαις 266
Vincent's NT Word Studies
1. And you. Taking up the closing thought of the preceding chapter, the magnitude of God's power toward believers as exhibited in Christ's resurrection. He now shows that the same power is applied to his readers. Hence the connection is: "When He raised Him from the dead, etc., and you did He quicken, even as He quickened Christ." The structure of the passage is broken. Paul having prominently in mind the thought God quickened you as He did Christ, begins with you also. Then the connection is interrupted by vers. 2, 3, which describe their previous condition. Then ver. 1 is taken up in ver. 4, by but God, God introducing a new sentence. Who were dead (ontav nekrouv). Better, Rev., when ye were dead, thus giving the sense of the continued state in the past expressed by the participle being.
Trespasses - sins (paraptwmasin - amartiaiv). See on Matthew i. 21; vi. 14. Trespasses, special acts. Sins, all forms and phases of sin: more general.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
2:1 {And you did he quicken} (kai humas). The verb for {did he quicken} does not occur till verse #5 and qen with hemas (us) instead of humas (you). There is a like ellipsis or anacoluthon in #Col 1:21,22, only there is no change from humas to hemas. {When ye were dead} (ontas nekrous). Present active participle referring to their former state. Spiritually dead. {Trespasses and sins} (paraptwmasin kai hamartiais). Both words (locative case) though only one in verse #5.
