SEV Biblia, Chapter 20:1
Âĥ Y habló Dios todas estas palabras, diciendo:
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Exodus 20:1
Verse 1. All these words] Houbigant supposes, and with great plausibility of reason, that the clause hlah µyrbdh lk ta eth col haddebarim haelleh, "all these words," belong to the latter part of the concluding verse of chap. 19., which he thinks should be read thus: And Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto them ALL THESE WORDS; i.e., delivered the solemn charge relative to their not attempting to come up to that part of the mountain on which God manifested himself in his glorious majesty, lest he should break forth upon them and consume them. For how could Divine justice and purity suffer a people so defiled to stand in his immediate presence? When Moses, therefore, had gone down and spoken all these words, and he and Aaron had reascended the mount, then the Divine Being, as supreme legislator, is majestically introduced thus: And God spake, saying. This gives a dignity to the commencement of this chapter of which the clause above mentioned, if not referred to the speech of Moses, deprives it. The Anglo-Saxon favours this emendation: , God spoke THUS, which is the whole of the first verse as it stands in that version. Some learned men are of opinion that the TEN COMMANDMENTS were delivered on May 30, being then the day of pentecost.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS The laws delivered on Mount Sinai have been variously named. In Deut. iv. 13, they are called µyrbdh tr[ asereth haddebarim, THE TEN WORDS. In the preceding chapter, chap. xix. 5, God calls them ytyrb ta eth berithi, my COVENANT, i.e., the agreement he entered into with the people of Israel to take them for his peculiar people, if they took him for their God and portion. IF ye will obey my voice indeed, and KEEP my COVENANT, THEN shall ye be a peculiar treasure unto me. And the word covenant here evidently refers to the laws given in this chapter, as is evident from Deuteronomy iv. 13: And he declared unto you his COVENANT, which he commanded you to perform, even TEN COMMANDMENTS. They have been also termed the moral law, because they contain and lay down rules for the regulation of the manners or conduct of men. Sometimes they have been termed the LAW, hrwth hattorah, by way of eminence, as containing the grand system of spiritual instruction, direction, guidance, &c. See on the word LAW, chap. xii. 49. And frequently the DECALOGUE, dekalogov, which is a literal translation into Greek of the µyrbdh tr[ asereth haddebarim, or TEN WORDS, of Moses.
Among divines they are generally divided into what they term the first and second tables. The FIRST table containing the first, second, third, and fourth commandments, and comprehending the whole system of theology, the true notions we should form of the Divine nature, the reverence we owe and the religious service we should render to him. The SECOND, containing the six last commandments, and comprehending a complete system of ethics, or moral duties, which man owes to his fellows, and on the due performance of which the order, peace and happiness of society depend. By this division, the FIRST table contains our duty to GOD; the SECOND our duty to our neighbour. This division, which is natural enough, refers us to the grand principle, love to God and love to man, through which both tables are observed. 1. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, soul, mind, and strength. 2. Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two hang all the law and the prophets. See note on "Matt. xxii. 37". See note on "Matt. xxii. 38". See note on "Matt. xxii. 39". See note on "Matt. xxii. 40".
THE FIRST COMMANDMENT - AGAINST MENTAL OR THEORETIC IDOLATRY.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1, 2 - God speaks many ways to the children of men; by conscience, by providences, by his voice, to all which we ought carefully to attend but he never spake at any time so as he spake the TEN COMMANDMENTS This law God had given to man before; it was written in his heart; but sin so defaced it, that it was necessary to revive the knowledge of it The law is spiritual, and takes knowledge of the secret thoughts desires, and dispositions of the heart. Its grand demand is love without which outward obedience is mere hypocrisy. It requires perfect unfailing, constant obedience; no law in the world admits disobedienc to itself. Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in on point, he is guilty of all, Jas 2:10. Whether in the heart or the conduct, in thought, word, or deed, to omit or to vary any thing, i sin, and the wages of sin is death.
Original Hebrew
וידבר 1696 אלהים 430 את 853 כל 3605 הדברים 1697 האלה 428 לאמר׃ 559
