SEV Biblia, Chapter 1:7
Entonces dijo Adoni-bezec: Setenta reyes, cortados los pulgares de sus manos y de sus pies, cogían las migajas debajo de mi mesa; como yo hice, así me ha pagado Dios. Y le metieron en Jerusalén, donde murió.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Judges 1:7
Verse 7. Threescore and ten kinds] Chieftains, heads of tribes, or military officers. For the word king cannot be taken here in its proper and usual sense. Having their thumbs and their great toes cut off] That this was an ancient mode of treating enemies we learn from AElian, who tells us, Var. Hist. l.
ii., c. 9, that "the Athenians, at the instigation of Cleon, son of Cleaenetus, made a decree that all the inhabitants of the island of AEgina should have the thumb cut off from the right hand, so that they might ever after be disabled from holding a spear, yet might handle an oar." This is considered by AElian an act of great cruelty; and he wishes to Minerva, the guardian of the city, to Jupiter Eleutherius, and all the gods of Greece, that the Athenians had never done such things. It was a custom among those Romans who did not like a military life, to cut off their own thumbs, that they might not be capable of serving in the army. Sometimes the parents cut off the thumbs of their children, that they might not be called into the army. According to Suetonius, in Vit. August., c. 24, a Roman knight, who had cut off the thumbs of his two sons to prevent them from being called to a military life was, by the order of Augustus, publicly sold, both he and his property. These are the words of Suetonius: Equitem Romanum, quod duobus filis adolescentibus, causa detractandi sacramenti, pollices amputasset, ipsum bonaque subjecit hastae. Calmet remarks that the Italian language has preserved a term, poltrone, which signifies one whose thumb is cut off, to designate a soldier destitute of courage and valor. We use poltroon to signify a dastardly fellow, without considering the import of the original. There have been found frequent instances of persons maiming themselves, that they might be incapacitated for military duty. I have heard an instance in which a knavish soldier discharged his gun through his hand, that he might be discharged from his regiment. The cutting off of the thumbs was probably designed for a double purpose: 1.
To incapacitate them for war; and, 2. To brand them as cowards.
Gathered their meat under my table] I think this was a proverbial mode of expression, to signify reduction to the meanest servitude; for it is not at all likely that seventy kings, many of whom must have been contemporaries, were placed under the table of the king of Bezek, and there fed; as in the houses of poor persons the dogs are fed with crumbs and offal, under the table of their owners.
So God hath requited me.] The king of Bezek seems to have had the knowledge of the true God, and a proper notion of a Divine providence.
He now feels himself reduced to that state to which he had cruelly reduced others. Those acts in him were acts of tyrannous cruelty; the act towards him was an act of retributive justice.
And there he died.] He continued at Jerusalem in a servile and degraded condition till the day of his death. How long he lived after his disgrace we know not.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 7. And Adonibezek said , etc.] To the men of Judah, after his thumbs and toes were cut off, his conscience accusing him for what he had done to others, and being obliged to acknowledge he was righteously dealt with: threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off ; that is, by him, or by his orders, whom he had conquered and made captives; according to Josephus f7 , they were seventy two; the number may be accounted for by observing, that in those times, as appears by the preceding book, every city had a king over it; and besides, these seventy kings might not be such who had had the government of so many cities, but many of them such who had reigned successively in the same city, and had fallen into the hands of this cruel and tyrannical king, one after another, and their sons also with them might be so called: and these he says gathered [their meat] under my table : were glad to eat of the crumbs and scraps which fell from thence, and might in their turns be put there at times for his sport and pleasure, and there be fed with the offal of his meat, as Bajazet the Turk was served by Tamerlane, who put him into an iron cage, and carried him about in it, and used him as his footstool to mount his horse, and at times fed him like a dog with crumbs from his table f8 : as I have done, so God hath requited me ; whether he had any knowledge of the true God, and of his justice in dealing with him according to his deserts, and had a real sense of his sin, and true repentance for it, is not certain; since the word for God is in the plural number, and sometimes used of Heathen deities, as it may be here by him; however, the righteous judgment of God clearly appears in this instance: and they brought him to Jerusalem ; to that part of Jerusalem which belonged to the tribe of Judah; (see Joshua 15:8,63); here they brought him alive, and dying, buried him, as Josephus says; which might be their view in carrying him thither, perceiving he was a dying man; or they had him thither to expose him as a trophy of victory, and as an example of divine justice: and there he died : whether through grief and vexation, or of the wounds he had received, or by the immediate hand of God, or by the hands of the Israelites, is not said; neither are improbable.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-8 - The Israelites were convinced that the war against the Canaanites wa to be continued; but they were in doubt as to the manner in which it was to be carried on after the death of Joshua. In these respects the inquired of the Lord. God appoints service according to the strength he has given. From those who are most able, most work is expected. Juda was first in dignity, and must be first in duty. Judah's service wil not avail unless God give success; but God will not give the success unless Judah applies to the service. Judah was the most considerable of all the tribes, and Simeon the least; yet Judah begs Simeon' friendship, and prays for aid from him. It becomes Israelites to hel one another against Canaanites; and all Christians, even those of different tribes, should strengthen one another. Those who thus hel one another in love, have reason to hope that God will graciously hel both. Adoni-bezek was taken prisoner. This prince had been a sever tyrant. The Israelites, doubtless under the Divine direction, made his suffer what he had done to others; and his own conscience confesse that he was justly treated as he had treated others. Thus the righteou God sometimes, in his providence, makes the punishment answer the sin.
Original Hebrew
ויאמר 559 אדני בזק 137 שׁבעים 7657 מלכים 4428 בהנות 931 ידיהם 3027 ורגליהם 7272 מקצצים 7112 היו 1961 מלקטים 3950 תחת 8478 שׁלחני 7979 כאשׁר 834 עשׂיתי 6213 כן 3651 שׁלם 7999 לי אלהים 430 ויביאהו 935 ירושׁלם 3389 וימת 4191 שׁם׃ 8033
