SEV Biblia, Chapter 5:14
Pero, rein la muerte desde Adn hasta Moiss, aun en los que no pecaron a la manera de la rebelin de Adn; el cual es figura del que había de venir.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Romans 5:14
Verse 14. Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses] This supposes, as Dr. Taylor very properly observes:-1. That sin was in the world from Adam to Moses. 2. That law was not in the world from Adam to Moses during the space of about 2500 years; for, after Adam's transgression, that law was abrogated; and, from that time, men were either under the general covenant of grace given to Adam or Noah, or under that which was specially made with Abraham. 3. That, therefore, the sins committed were not imputed unto them to death, for they did not sin after the similitude of Adam's transgression; that is, they did not, like him, transgress a law, or rule of action, to which death, as the penalty, was annexed. And yet-4. Death reigned over mankind during the period between Adam and Moses; therefore men did not die for their own transgressions, but in consequence of Adam's one transgression. Who is the figure of him that was to come.] Adam was the figure, tupov, the type, pattern, or resemblance of him who was to come; i.e. of the Messiah. The correspondence between them appears in the following particulars:-1. Through him, as its spring and fountain, sin became diffused through the world, so that every man comes into the world with sinful propensities: for by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, ver. 12. Through Christ, as its spring and fountain, righteousness becomes diffused through the earth; so that every man is made partaker of a principle of grace and truth; for he is the true light that lighteth every man that cometh into the world, John i. 9.
As in Adam all die; so in Christ shall all be made alive, 1 Cor. xv. 22. For, since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead, 1 Cor. xv. 21. As in or through Adam guilt came upon all men, so, through Christ, the free gift comes upon all men unto justification of life, Romans v. 18. These alone seem to be the instances in which a similitude exists between Adam and Christ.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 14. Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses , etc..] Though the law of Moses was not yet given, death exerted itself, and extended its dominion over all the sons and daughters of Adam, during the interval between Adam and Moses; which clearly shows that sin was in the world, and that there must be a law in being, which that was a transgression of: death is represented as a king, as sin and Satan sometimes are; and indeed, death reigns by sin, and Satan both by sin and death; their empires rise, stand, and fall together. So Bildad calls death the king of terrors, ( Job 18:14); and a very formidable and powerful king he is; his dominion is very large, his power uncontrollable, and the dread of him very great, especially to Christless sinners. The Jews say f97 , that at the resurrection the world will be renewed, and will not be as at the first, when aml[b atwm jyld , death reigned in the world; referring to the same period of time the apostle here does. The subjects of his government were not only adult persons, who had been guilty of many actual transgressions, but he reigned even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression . This does not exclude the dominion of death over such who had sinned after the likeness of Adam, but rather confirms its power over them; nor does it intend adult Gentiles, who did not sin in the same manner, nor against the same law, as Adam did; but it designs infants, not yet guilty of actual sin; and therefore since death reigns over them, who only holds and exercises his dominion by virtue of sin, it follows, that they must have original sin in them; the guilt of Adam's transgression must be imputed to them, and the corruption of nature, from him, derived unto them, or it could not reign over them. A child of a year old, the Jewish doctors say, has not tasted the taste of sin, that is, has not committed actual sin; and observe f99 , that young children die on account of the sins of their parents: but the true reason of their dying is here suggested by the apostle; which is the transgression of Adam: who is the figure of him that was to come ; meaning, either his posterity that were to come out of his loins, whose figure, type, and representative he was; or rather Christ, who is sometimes called o ercomenov , he that was to come; and the Arabic version reads the words thus, who was a type of Adam that was expected; that is, of Christ the second Adam, that was expected to come, according to the promise and prophecy: of him the first Adam was a type, in his human nature, in the formation and quality of it; as the first Adam was made by God of the virgin earth, the second Adam was born of a virgin; as the first, so the second Adam was pure, holy, upright, and wise; in his office, as Lord of the world, head of the woman, priest in his house, and prophet to his posterity; in his marriage with Eve, a figure of the church; but in nothing more clearly than in his being a covenant head to all his offspring: and this is what the apostle chiefly designs, since he runs the parallel between them on this account in the following verses; showing, that as the one conveyed sin and death to all his seed, so the other communicates righteousness and life to all that belong to him. So the Jews say f100 , that by Adam is intimated the righteous branch, the Messiah; and that jym dws awh da dws , the secret of Adam is the secret of the Messiah.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 12-14 - The design of what follows is plain. It is to exalt our view respecting the blessings Christ has procured for us, by comparing the with the evil which followed upon the fall of our first father; and by showing that these blessings not only extend to the removal of thes evils, but far beyond. Adam sinning, his nature became guilty an corrupted, and so came to his children. Thus in him all have sinned And death is by sin; for death is the wages of sin. Then entered all that misery which is the due desert of sin; temporal, spiritual eternal death. If Adam had not sinned, he had not died; but a sentenc of death was passed, as upon a criminal; it passed through all men, a an infectious disease that none escape. In proof of our union with Adam, and our part in his first transgression, observe, that sin prevailed in the world, for many ages before the giving of the law by Moses. And death reigned in that long time, not only over adults wh wilfully sinned, but also over multitudes of infants, which shows tha they had fallen in Adam under condemnation, and that the sin of Ada extended to all his posterity. He was a figure or type of Him that wa to come as Surety of a new covenant, for all who are related to Him.
Greek Textus Receptus
αλλ 235 CONJ εβασιλευσεν 936 5656 V-AAI-3S ο 3588 T-NSM θανατος 2288 N-NSM απο 575 PREP αδαμ 76 N-PRI μεχρι 3360 ADV μωσεως 3475 N-GSM και 2532 CONJ επι 1909 PREP τους 3588 T-APM μη 3361 PRT-N αμαρτησαντας 264 5660 V-AAP-APM επι 1909 PREP τω 3588 T-DSN ομοιωματι 3667 N-DSN της 3588 T-GSF παραβασεως 3847 N-GSF αδαμ 76 N-PRI ος 3739 R-NSM εστιν 2076 5748 V-PXI-3S τυπος 5179 N-NSM του 3588 T-GSM μελλοντος 3195 5723 V-PAP-GSM
Robertson's NT Word Studies
5:14 {Even over them that had not sinned after the likeness of Adam's transgression} (kai epi tous m hamartsantas epi t"i homoi"mati ts parabase"s Adam). Adam violated an express command of God and Moses gave the law of God clearly. And yet Sin and death followed all from Adam on till Moses, showing clearly that the Sin of Adam brought terrible consequences upon the race. Death has come upon infants and idiots also as a result of Sin, but one understands Paul to mean that they are not held responsible by the law of conscience. {A figure} (tupos). See on Ac 7:43; 1Th 1:7; 2Th 3:9; 1Co 10:6 for this word. Adam is a type of Christ in holding a relation to those affected by the headship in each case, but the parallel is not precise as Paul shows.
