SEV Biblia, Chapter 5:19
Porque como por la desobediencia de un hombre muchos fueron hechos pecadores, así por la obediencia de uno, muchos sern hechos justos.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Romans 5:19
Verse 19. For, as by one man's disobedience, &c.] The explanation of this verse has been anticipated in the foregoing.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 19. For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners , etc..] Agreeably to this the Jews say f102 , that for the sin of the first man, all that are born of him, y[r wyhy , become wicked. This is the sum of what is said in the foregoing verses, that as by Adam's sin all his posterity are made sinners, and so are brought under a sentence of condemnation; in like manner by the obedience of Christ, all his seed are made righteous, and come under a sentence of justification of life: the persons made sinners are said to be many, in opposition to the one man, by whose disobedience they became so, and because there is an exception of one, even Jesus Christ; and mean all the natural descendants of Adam, who are many, and are so called, to answer to the subjects of justification in the next clause: what they are made sinners by, is the disobedience of one man, Adam; and by the first and single disobedience of his, in eating the fruit of the forbidden tree, by which they were made sinners: the meaning of which is not, that they became sufferers for it, or subject to death on the account of it; the word used will not bear such a sense, but signifies men guilty of sin, and sometimes the worst and chief of sinners; besides, the apostle had expressed that before; add to this, that the sons of Adam could not be sufferers for his sin, or subject to death on account of it, if they were not made sinners by it, or involved in the guilt or it: and though the posterity of Adam are habitually sinners, that is, derive corrupt nature from Adam, yet this is not meant here; but that they are become guilty, through the imputation of his sin to them; for it is by the disobedience of another they are made sinners, which must be by the imputation of that disobedience to them; he sinned, and they sinned in him, when they had as yet no actual existence; which could be no other way, than by imputation, as he was reckoned and accounted their head and representative, and they reckoned and accounted in him, and so have sinned in him. This is also evident, from the sentence of condemnation and death passing upon all men for it; and even upon those, who had not actually sinned; to which may be added, that Adam's posterity are made sinners through his disobedience, in the same way as Christ's seed are made righteous by his obedience, which is by the imputation of it to them; so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous ; not by their own obedience; nor by their own obedience and Christ's together; but by his sole and single obedience to the law of God: and the persons made righteous by it are not all the posterity of Adam, and yet not a few of them; but many, even all the elect of God, and seed of Christ; these are all made righteous in the sight of God, are justified from all their sins, and entitled to eternal life and happiness.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 15-19 - Through one man's offence, all mankind are exposed to eterna condemnation. But the grace and mercy of God, and the free gift of righteousness and salvation, are through Jesus Christ, as man: yet the Lord from heaven has brought the multitude of believers into a mor safe and exalted state than that from which they fell in Adam. Thi free gift did not place them anew in a state of trial, but fixed the in a state of justification, as Adam would have been placed, had he stood. Notwithstanding the differences, there is a striking similarity As by the offence of one, sin and death prevailed to the condemnatio of all men, so by the righteousness of one, grace prevailed to the justification of all related to Christ by faith. Through the grace of God, the gift by grace has abounded to many through Christ; ye multitudes choose to remain under the dominion of sin and death, rathe than to apply for the blessings of the reign of grace. But Christ wil in nowise cast out any who are willing to come to him.
Greek Textus Receptus
ωσπερ 5618 ADV γαρ 1063 CONJ δια 1223 PREP της 3588 T-GSF παρακοης 3876 N-GSF του 3588 T-GSM ενος 1520 A-GSM ανθρωπου 444 N-GSM αμαρτωλοι 268 A-NPM κατεσταθησαν 2525 5681 V-API-3P οι 3588 T-NPM πολλοι 4183 A-NPM ουτως 3779 ADV και 2532 CONJ δια 1223 PREP της 3588 T-GSF υπακοης 5218 N-GSF του 3588 T-GSM ενος 1520 A-GSM δικαιοι 1342 A-NPM κατασταθησονται 2525 5701 V-FPI-3P οι 3588 T-NPM πολλοι 4183 A-NPM
Vincent's NT Word Studies
19. Disobedience (parakohv). Only here, 2 Cor. x. 6; Hebrews ix. 2. The kindred verb paralouw to neglect, Rev., refuse, occurs Matthew xviii. 17. From para aside, amiss, and ajkouw to hear, sometimes with the accompanying sense of heeding, and so nearly = obey. Parakoh is therefore, primarily, a failing to hear or hearing amiss. Bengel remarks that the word very appositely points out the first step in Adam's fall - carelessness, as the beginning of a city's capture is the remissness of the guards.Were made (katestaqhsan). See on Jas. iii. 6. Used elsewhere by Paul only at Tit. i. 5, in the sense of to appoint to office or position. This is its most frequent use in the New Testament. See Matt. xxiv. 25; Acts vi. 3; vii. 10; Heb. v. 1, etc. The primary meaning being to set down, it is used in classical Greek of bringing to a place, as a ship to the land, or a man to a place or person; hence to bring before a magistrate (Acts xvii. 15). From this comes the meaning to set down as, i.e., to declare or show to be; or to constitute, make to be. So 2 Pet. i. 8; Jas. iv. 4; iii. 6. The exact meaning in this passage is disputed. The following are the principal explanations:
1. Set down in a declarative sense; declared to be.
2. Placed in the category of sinners because of a vital connection with the first tranegressor.
3. Became sinners; were made. This last harmonizes with sinned in ver. 12.
The disobedience of Adam is thus declared to have been the occasion of the death of all, because it is the occasion of their sin; but the precise nature of this relation is not explained. 36 Obedience (upakohv). Note the play on the words, parakoe, hypokoe, disobedience, obedience. Upakoh obedience, is also derived from ajkouw to hear (see on disobedience) and uJpo beneath, the idea being submission to what one hears.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
5:19 Here again we have "the one" (tou henos) with both Adam and Christ, but "disobedience" (parakos, for which see #2Co 10:6) contrasted with "obedience" (hupakos), the same verb kaqistemi, old verb, to set down, to render, to constitute (katestathsan, first aorist passive indicative, katastathsontai, future passive), and "the many" (hoi polloi) in both cases (but with different meaning as with "all menw above).
