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CHAPTER XXXII

Prophecy of great prosperity under Hezekiah; but, in its highest sense, applicable to Christ, 1-8. Description of impending calamities, 9-14. Rejection of the Jews, and calling of the Gentiles, 15. The future prosperity of the Church 16-20.

NOTES ON CHAP. XXXII

Verse 1. "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness" - If King Hezekiah were a type of Christ, then this prophecy may refer to his time; but otherwise it seems to have Hezekiah primarily in view. It is evident, however, that in the fullest sense these words cannot be applied to any man; GOD alone can do all that is promised here.

"And princes" - µyr¨w ve-sarim, without l lamed, to; so the ancient Versions. An ancient MS. has wyr¨w vesaraiv, and his princes.

Verse 2. "As the shadow of a great rock" - The shadow of a great projecting rock is the most refreshing that is possible in a hot country, not only as most perfectly excluding the rays of the sun, but also as having in itself a natural coolness, which it reflects and communicates to every thing about it.

Speluncaeque tegant, et saxea procubet umbra. VIRG. Georg. iii. 145.

"Let the cool cave and shady rock protect them." epei kefalhn kai gounata seiriov azei, aualeov de te crwv apo kaumatov¯ alla totĘ hdh eih petraih te skin, kai biblinov oinov.HESIOD. ii. 206.

"When Sirius rages, and thine aching head, Parched skin, and feeble knees refreshment need; Then to the rock's projected shade retire, With Biblin wine recruit thy wasted powers."

Verse 3. "And the eyes of them that see shall not be dim "And him the eyes of those that see shall regard"" - For alw velo, and not, Le Clerc reads wlw velo, and to him, of which mistake the Masoretes acknowledge there are fifteen instances; and many more are reckoned by others. The removal of the negative restores to the verb its true and usual sense.

Verse 5. "The vile person shall no more be called liberal" - The different epithets here employed require minute explanation.

The vile person-lbn nabal, the pampered, fattened, brainless fellow, who eats to live, and lives to eat; who will scarcely part with any thing, and that which he does give he gives with an evil eye and a grudging heart.

Liberal-bydn nadib; the generous, openhearted, princely man, who writes on all his possessions, For myself and mankind, and lives only to get and to do good.

The churl-ylyk kilai, the avaricious man; he who starves himself amidst his plenty, and will not take the necessaries of life for fear of lessening his stock.

Thus he differs from lbn nabal, who feeds himself to the full, and regards no one else; like the rich man in the Gospel. The avaricious man is called ylyk kilai, from yk ki, for, yl li, myself; or contracted from lk col, all, and yl li, to myself: all is mine; all I have is my own; and all I can get is for myself: and yet this man enjoys nothing; he withholds From back and belly too their proper fare:-

O cursed lust of gold, when for thy sake The wretch throws up his interest in both worlds, First starved in this, then damned in that to come! Bountiful-[w¨ shoa, he who is abundantly rich; who rejoices in his plenty, and deals out to the distressed with a liberal hand.

Verse 6. "The vile person will speak villany "The fool will still utter folly"" - A sort of proverbial saying, which Euripides (Bacchae, 369) has expressed in the very same manner and words: mwra gar mwrov legei¯ "The fool speaks folly. " Of this kind of simple and unadorned proverb or parable, see De S. Poes, Hebr. Praelect. xxiv.

"Against the Lord "Against JEHOVAH"" - For la El, two MSS. read la al, more properly; but both are of nearly the same meaning.

Verse 7. "The instruments also of the churl are evil "As for the niggard, his instruments are evil"" - His machinations, his designs. The paronomasia, which the prophet frequently deals in, suggested this expression wylk ylkw vechelai kelaiv. The first word is expressed with some variety in the MSS. Seven MSS. read ylykw vekili, one lkw vechol, another ylwkw vecoli.

"To destroy the poor with lying words "To defeat the assertions of the poor in judgment"" - A word seems to have been lost here, and two others to have suffered a small alteration, which has made the sentence very obscure. The Septuagint have happily retained the rendering of the lost word, and restored the sentence in all its parts: kai diaskedasai logouv tapeinwn en krisei¯ fp¨mb wyba yrbd rphlw ulehapher dibrey ebyon bemishpat, "And disperse the words of the poor in judgment. " They frequently render the verb rph haphar by diaskedasai, A MS. reads rbdlw uledabber, which gives authority for the preposition l lamed, to, necessary to the sense, and the Septuagint, Syriac, and Chaldee read fp¨mb bemishpat, IN judgment.

Verse 8. "Liberal things "Generous purposes"" - "Of the four sorts of persons mentioned ver. 5, three are described, ver. 6, 7, and 8, but not the fourth." -SECKER. Perhaps for awhw vehu, and he, we ought to read [w¨w veshoa, the bountiful.

Verse 9. Rise up, ye women "ye provinces. " Ye careless daughters "ye cities." -Targum.

From this verse to the end of the fourteenth, the desolation of Judea by the Chaldeans appears to be foretold.

Verse 11. "Gird sackcloth" - q¨ sak, sackcloth, a word necessary to the sense, is here lost, but preserved by the Septuagint, MSS. Alex. and Pachom., and i. D. II., and edit. Ald. and Comp., and the Arabic and Syriac.

"Tremble-be troubled-strip you" - hf¨p peshotah, hzgr regazah, &c.

These are infinitives, with a paragogic h he, according to Schultens, Institut. Ling. Hebr. p. 453, and are to be taken in an imperative sense.

Verse 12. "They shall lament-for the pleasant fields "Mourn ye for the pleasant field"" - The Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate read wdps siphdu, mourn ye, imperative; twelve MSS., (five ancient,) two editions, the Septuagint, Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, Syriac, and Vulgate, all read hd¨ sadeh, a field; not yd¨ shedey, breasts.

Verse 13. "Shall come up thorns and briers "The thorn and the brier shall come up"" - All the ancient Versions read rym¨w veshamir, with the conjunction. And an ancient MS. has wb hl[t taaleh bo, "shall come up in it, "which seems to be right; or rather hb bah: and there is a rasure in the place of wb bo in another ancient MS.

"Yea, upon all the houses of joy" - For yk ki, the ancient Versions, except the Vulgate, seem to have read w ve. yk ki may perhaps be a mistake for wb bo, or hb bah, in it, above mentioned. It is not necessary in this place.

The description of impending distress which begins at ver. 13 belongs to other times than that of Sennacherib's invasion, from which they were so soon delivered. It must at least extend to the ruin of the country and city by the Chaldeans. And the promise of blessings which follows was not fulfilled under the Mosaic dispensation; they belong to the KINGDOM of Messiah. Compare ver. 15 with chap. xxix. 17, and see the note there.

Verse 14. "The palaces shall be forsaken" - The house of the sanctuary (the temple) shall be destroyed. - Targum.

"The forts "Ophel"" - It was a part of Mount Zion, rising higher than the rest, at the eastern extremity, near to the temple, a little to the south of it; called by Micah, chap. iv. 8, "Ophel of the daughter of Zion. " It was naturally strong by its situation; and had a wall of its own, by which it was separated from the rest of Zion.

Verse 15. "And the fruitful field" - lmrkhw vehaccarmel. So fifteen MSS., six ancient, and two editions; which seems to make the noun an appellative.

Verse 17. "The work of righteousness" - Righteousness works and produces peace.

"The effect of righteousness" - tdb[ abodath, the culture. Righteousness, cultivated by peace, produces tranquillity of mind and permanent security.

Reader, hast thou the principle? If so, dost thou cultivate it? If thou dost, thou hast peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and a sure and certain hope of everlasting life.

Verse 19. "The city shalt be low all a low place. "The city shall be laid level with the plain."" - For hlp¨bw ubashephelah, the Syriac reads hlp¨kw ukeshephelah. The city- probably Nineveh or Babylon: but this verse is very obscure. Saltus; Assyriorum regnum: civitas; magnifica Assyriorum castra. Ephrem Syr. ire loc. For drbw ubarad, a MS. has dryw vaiyered; and so conjectured Abp. Secker, referring to Zech. xi. 2.

Verse 20. "That sow beside all waters "Who sow your seed in every well-watered place"" - Sir John Chardin's note on this place is: "This exactly answers the manner of planting rice; for they sow it upon the water, and before sowing, while the earth is covered with water, they cause the ground to be trodden by oxen, horses, and asses, who go mid-leg deep; and this is the way of preparing the ground for sowing. As they sow the rice on the water, they transplant it in the water. " Harmer's Observ. vol. i. p. 280. "Rice is the food of two- thirds of mankind. " Dr. Arbuthnot. "It is cultivated in most of the eastern countries. " Miller. "It is good for all, and at all times. " Sir J. Chardin, ib. "Le ris, qui est leur principal aliment et leur froment (i.e., des Siamois,) n'est jamais assez arrose; il croit au milieu de l'eau, et les campagnes ou on le cultive ressemblent plutot a de marets que non pas a des terres qu'on laboure aver la charue. Le ris a bien cette force, que quoy qu'il y ait six ou sept pieds d'eau sur lui, il pousse toujours sa tige au dessus; et le tuyau qui le porte s'eleve et croit a proportion de la hauteur de l'eau qui noye son champ.