SEV Biblia, Chapter 4:1
¶ Requiero yo, pues, delante de Dios, y del Seor Jess, el Cristo, que ha de juzgar a los vivos y los muertos en su manifestacin y en su Reino.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - 2 Timothy 4:1
Verse 1. I charge thee therefore before God] Whose herald thou art; and before the Lord Jesus Christ, whose salvation thou art to proclaim, and who is coming to judge the world - all that shall be found then alive, and all that have died from the foundation of the world.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 1. I charge thee therefore before God , etc.] Whose word the Scriptures are, and by whom they are inspired; who had made Timothy an able minister of the New Testament, and to whom he was accountable for his ministry: and the Lord Jesus Christ ; who is equal with God, and bestows ministerial gifts on men, and from whom Timothy had his; whose Gospel he preached; in whose cause he was embarked; and before whom he must appear, to give an account of his ministry, talents, and souls under his care: who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom ; it is certain there will be a general judgment; the day is appointed, and Christ is ordained the Judge of all men; all judgment is committed to him, and he is ready to exercise it; for which he is abundantly qualified, being God omniscient and omnipotent; and which he will execute in the most righteous and impartial manner. The persons that will be judged by him are, the quick and the dead; by which are meant, not the different parts of men, their souls which are living and immortal, and their bodies which die and will be raised from the dead, though they will be judged in their whole persons; nor the different sorts of men, as good men, who are made alive by the Spirit and grace of God, and evil men, who are dead in trespasses and sins, and die in their sins; though this is a truth that God will judge both the righteous and the wicked: but rather by the quick, are meant, such as will be found alive at Christ's coming; and by the dead, such as having been dead, will be raised by him; and in short, the characters include all mentioned; who must all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. The time when this will be, is, at his appearing, and his kingdom ; which may be considered as an hendyadis, expressive of one and the same thing; and so the Syriac version renders it, at the revelation of his kingdom; or as two things, the one as antecedent and preparatory to the other; the former refers to the appearance of Christ at the last day. He appeared frequently to the Old Testament saints in an human form; and he really appeared in human nature in the fulness of time; and after his resurrection to his apostles and others, and even after his ascension to some; and he appears in a spiritual manner to believers in all ages; but to them that look for him, he will appear a second time in person, in a most glorious manner: for the present he is received up into heaven, where he is as it were hid, and is unseen to corporeal eyes; but in his due time he will be manifested in his own and his Father's glory, and in the glory of his angels; and this appearance will be greatly to the advantage of the saints, who will then appear in glory, and be like him, and see him as he is, and hence they look for it, and love it; and at this time will be the judgment, and then will the kingdom of Christ take place. Christ has a kingdom now, and ever had, which is not of this world, but is of a spiritual nature; and which will be more manifest in that latter day, by the spread of the Gospel, the numerous instances of conversion, and the revival of powerful religion and godliness, which we commonly call the spiritual reign of Christ; but the kingdom here designed, is the personal reign of Christ, for a thousand years: at the beginning of which will be the judgment of the saints, who having the crown of righteousness given them by the Judge, will reign with him as kings and priests; and at the end of this period will be the judgment of the wicked. The charge made before these two divine Persons, God and his Son Jesus Christ, follows.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-5 - People will turn away from the truth, they will grow weary of the plai gospel of Christ, they will be greedy of fables, and take pleasure in them. People do so when they will not endure that preaching which in searching, plain, and to the purpose. Those who love souls must be eve watchful, must venture and bear all the painful effects of their faithfulness, and take all opportunities of making known the pur gospel.
Greek Textus Receptus
διαμαρτυρομαι 1263 5736 ουν 3767 εγω 1473 ενωπιον 1799 του 3588 θεου 2316 και 2532 του 3588 κυριου 2962 ιησου 2424 χριστου 5547 του 3588 μελλοντος 3195 5723 κρινειν 2919 5721 ζωντας 2198 5723 και 2532 νεκρους 3498 κατα 2596 την 3588 επιφανειαν 2015 αυτου 846 και 2532 την 3588 βασιλειαν 932 αυτου 846
Vincent's NT Word Studies
1. I charge (diamarturomai). See on 1 Tim. v. 21.
At his appearing (kai thn epifaneian). Rend. "and by his appearing," ejpifaneian thus depending on diamarturomai, and the accusative being the ordinary accusative of conjuration, with which by must be supplied. The A.V. follows the reading kata at. For ejpifaneia appearing, see on 1 Tim. vi. 14; 2 Thess. ii. 8. For, basileia kingdom, see on Luke vi. 20.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
4:1 {I charge thee} (diamarturomai). Rather, "I testify." See #1Th 4:6. See #1Ti 5:21 for this verb and appeal to God and Christ. {Who shall judge} (tou mellontos krinein). "The one going or about to judge" (regular idiom with mellw). The quick and the dead (zwntas kai nekrous). "Living and dead." See #1Th 4:16f. {And by his appearing} (kai ten epifaneian). Accusative of conjuration (verbs of swearing), after diamarturomai as is basileian (by his kingdom). See #1Th 5:27. For epifaneian, see #1:10; Tit 2:13; 1Ti 6:14; 2Th 2:8.
