SEV Biblia, Chapter 18:13
y canela, y olores, y ungentos, e incienso, y vino, y aceite, y flor de harina, y trigo, y bestias, y de ovejas; y de caballos, y de carros, y de cuerpos y almas de hombres.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Revelation 18:13
Verse 13. And cinnamon] "By the sinamon is ment all maner of costly spyces, wherewith they bury their byshops and founders, lest they shoulde stinke when they translate them agayne to make them saintes for advauntage. "By the smellynge odours, the swete herbes that they strewe abrode at theyr dedications and burials; besydes the damaske waters, bawmes, muskes, pomaunder, civet, and other curious confections they yet bestow upon theyr owne precious bodyes.
"The oyntments are such oyles as they mingle with rose water, aloes, and spike, with other mery conceits, wherwith they anoynt their holy savours and roods, to make them to sweat, and to smell sweete when they are borne abrod in procession upon their high feastfull dayes.
"Frankinsence occupye they ofte as a necessarie thinge in the sensyng of their idols, hallowinge of their paschal, conjuringe of their ploughes; besydes the blessing of their palmes, candles, ashes, and their dead men's graves, with requiescant in pace.
"With wine synge they theyr masses for money, they housell the people at Easter, they wash their aultar stones upon Maundy Thursday; they fast the holy imber dayes, besydes other banketinges all the whole years, to kepe theyr flesh chaste.
"With oyle smere they yonge infantes at baptisme and bishopping; they grease their massmongers, and gere them the mark of madian; they anele their cattell that starveth; and do many other feates els.
"Fyne floure is suche a merchandyse of theirs as far excedeth all other, and was first geven them by Pope Alexander the first, thinkinge Christes institution not sufficient, nor comly in using the common breade in that ministerie. For that ware hath brought them in their plentifull possessions, their lordshippes, fatte benifices, and prebendaries, with innumerable plesures els.
"Wheat have thei of their farms, whereof they make pardon bread and cakes, to draw people to devocion towardes them.
"Cattell receive they, offered unto their idols by the idiots of the countries, for recover of sondrye diseases; besides that they have of their tithes.
"Shepe have they, sometime of their owne pastures, sometime of begginge, sometime of bequestes for the dead, to cry them out of their feareful purgatorye, when they be asleepe at midnight.
"Great horses have they, for mortuaries, for offices, for favers, giftes, and rewardes, to be good lords unto them, that they may holde still their farmes, and to have saunder waspe their sonne and their heire a priest; or to admitte him unto a manerly benefice, that he may be called 'maister person,' and suche lyke.
"Charets have they also, or horse litters, of al manner of sorts, specially at Rome, with foote men runninge on both sides of them, to make roome for the holy fathers. Of whom some carye their owne precious bodyes, some theyr treasure, some the blessed sacramente, some holy reliques and ornamentes, some their whores, and some their bastardes. The bodyes of men must needes be judged to be at their pleasure, so long as Christen provinces be tributaries unto them, princes obediente, people subject, and their lawes at their commaundement to slea and to kyll. And to make this good, who hath not in England payd his Peter peny, sometime to acknowledge hymselfe a bondman of theirs, at the receit of his yerely howsell? Furthermore yet, besides their market muster of monkes, fryars, and priestes, they have certayne bondmen, of whom some they sell to the Venicians, some to the Genues, some to the Portingales, and some to the Turks, to row in their galleis. And laste of all, to make up their market, least any thing should escape theyr hands, these unmercifull bribers maketh marchaundise of the soules of men, to deprive Christe of his whole right, sending many unto hell, but not one unto heaven, (unlesse they maliciously murther them for the truths sake,) and all for mony. After many other sortes els, abuse they these good creatures of God, whom the Holy Ghost heere nameth. Much were it to shew here by the cronicles severally of what Pope they have received authorytie, power, and charge, to utter these wares to advauntage, and how they came firste by the old idolatrous." Several of the most reputable MSS. versions, and some of the fathers, after cinnamon, add kai amwmon, and amomum. What this shrub was is not easy to say, though mentioned and partially described by Pliny and Dioscorides. Some think it was a species of geranium; others, the rose of Jericho. It was an odouriferous plant supposed to be a native of Assyria; and is thus mentioned by Virgil, Eclog. iv., ver. xxv. -- Assyrium vulgo nascetur amomum.
"The Assyrian amomum shall grow in every soil." This is translated by some spikenard; by others lady's rose.
Thyine wood] The Thyne or Thyin is said to be a tree whose boughs, leaves, stalks, and fruit, resemble the cypress. It is mentioned by Homer, Odyss, lib. v., ver. 60; by Theophrastes, Hist. Plant, v. 5; and by Pliny, Hist. Nat. lib. xiii. c. 16. How much the different articles mentioned in the 12th and 13th verses were in request among the ancients, and how highly valued, every scholar knows.
Slaves] swmatwn? The bodies of men; probably distinguished here from yucav, souls of men, to express bondmen and freemen.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 13. And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense , etc.] Things for delight and pleasure, for the gratifying of the senses; cinnamon, and odours were used for perfuming, ( Proverbs 7:17) anointing with oil was used at feasts, ( Psalm 23:5) and frankincense, or censings, at banquets, and for the regaling of persons after food f419 : these customs obtained among the eastern people. Tyre had its merchants for these things, ( Ezekiel 27:19,22) and Mr. Brightman thinks Italy is Rome's merchant in these, which it fetches from Greece, Arabia, and Egypt; it may be these rather respect the ecclesiastical use of them; cinnamon, odours, and frankincense, may signify the perfumings and censings used in churches, or the burning incense in imitation of the sweet incense under the law; and ointments may denote their chrism, or anointing with oil at baptism, imagining that Christ was anointed with material oil at his baptism, whereas it was with the Holy Ghost: moreover, these things may be mystically understood, cinnamon being used by harlots in perfuming their bed, ( Proverbs 7:17) may intend the stews and brothel houses erected at Rome, and licensed by authority, each whore paying so much per week; the revenues of which would sometimes yearly amount to twenty thousand ducats: ointments may be understood of chrism in baptism, and extreme unction at death: odours and frankincense may mean their prayers and pater nosters, their prayers for the dead, which were never made without the pence; hence that proverbial expression, no pence, no pater noster. And wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep : things for civil use; these are things which belong to food, to eating and drinking, and are the most material and necessary things of life, ( Psalm 4:7 Jeremiah 31:12 Hosea 2:21,22 Genesis 4:3 Isaiah 22:13).
Tyre had her merchants for these, ( Ezekiel 27:17,18,21) and Mr.
Brightman will have Italy to be Rome's merchant for wine and oil; Sardinia and Sicily her merchants for fine flour and wheat; Germany for beasts, and England for sheep: and with respect to the ecclesiastical use of these things, wine is for the chalice, used in daily Masses, and drank only by the priests; oil for chrism at baptism, and for the extreme unction: fine flour for the Mass, or to make their breaden god of; and wheat, beasts, and sheep for tithes for the clergy: and horses, and chariots, and slaves ; things for splendour, equipage, and attendance; horses and chariots for the popes, cardinals, archbishops, and bishops, to ride in state and grandeur, and slaves to wait upon them. Tyre had her merchants for these ( Ezekiel 27:14,20) and Mr. Brightman's opinion is, that the French are Rome's merchants for horses and chariots, and the Swiss for slaves, or bodies, as the word may be rendered, who live by exercising their bodies, and hiring them out in war; and who are many of them the guards of the person of the pope of Rome: and last of all it is added, and souls of men ; still in allusion to the merchandise of Tyre, some of whose merchants are said to trade in the persons of men, ( Ezekiel 27:13) which the Targum and Septuagint render, in the souls of men; the popes have some of them sold their own souls to the devil, to get into the chair, and, when in, have been the means of destroying of thousands of others; they assume a power over the souls of men, of binding and loosing the consciences of men, imposing new laws upon them, and freeing them from obligation to the laws of God and men, to the ruin of their souls; and it has been said by their sycophants, that if the pope should send thousands of men to hell, no one should say to him, what dost thou? The Romish priests pretend to redeem souls out of purgatory for such a sum of money, and sell pardons and indulgences, say Mass, and promise heaven itself for money; and this they get at the expense of men's souls, by their false doctrine and superstitious worship, and so make merchandise of them, as is said of the false teachers, ( 2 Peter 2:3) moreover, as by slaves, or bodies, in the preceding clause, are meant such who serve with their bodies, either by way of attendance, or in unnatural lust; so by souls of men may be meant men of soul, of great natural wit and understanding, of great parts, abilities, and learning, with which they serve the man of sin, and his interest, such as Bellarmine, and others.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 9-19 - The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by he wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered int idolatry, allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, whil obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for he indulgences, pardons, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friend partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to shar her plagues. The spirit of antichrist is a worldly spirit, and tha sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the anger of God, but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riche of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeanc harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this bee peculiar to the Roman antichrist, and only her guilt. But le prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchabl riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mour that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at an rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodl will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.
Greek Textus Receptus
και 2532 κιναμωμον 2792 και 2532 θυμιαματα 2368 και 2532 μυρον 3464 και 2532 λιβανον 3030 και 2532 οινον 3631 και 2532 ελαιον 1637 και 2532 σεμιδαλιν 4585 και 2532 σιτον 4621 και 2532 κτηνη 2934 και 2532 προβατα 4263 και 2532 ιππων 2462 και 2532 ρεδων 4480 και 2532 σωματων 4983 και 2532 ψυχας 5590 ανθρωπων 444
Vincent's NT Word Studies
13. Cinnamon (kinamwmon). Mentioned as one of the ingredients of the holy oil for anointing (Exod. xxx. 23), and as a perfume for the bed (Prov. vii. 17).
And spice (kai amwmon). These words are added by the best texts. A fragrant Indian plant, with seed in grape-like clusters, from which ointment was made. Preparations for the hair were made from it. Virgil, describing the coming golden age, says: "The Assyrian amomum shall spring up as a common plant" ("Eclogue" iv., 25; Compare "Eclogue" iii., 89). Forbiger (Virgil) says that the best was raised in Armenia, a poorer quality in Media and Pontus.
Fine flour (semidalin). Only here in the New Testament.
Cattle (kthnh). See on Luke x. 34.
Merchandise of horses. Merchandise is not in the text. It resumes the construction of gomon merchandise with the genitive in ver. 12.
Chariots (redwn). A Latin word though of Gallic origin, rheda. It had four wheels.
