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PARALLEL HISTORY BIBLE - Leviticus 19:4


CHAPTERS: Leviticus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27     

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LXX- Greek Septuagint - Leviticus 19:4

ουκ 3756 επακολουθησετε ειδωλοις και 2532 θεους 2316 χωνευτους ου 3739 3757 ποιησετε 4160 5692 υμιν 5213 εγω 1473 κυριος 2962 ο 3588 3739 θεος 2316 υμων 5216

Douay Rheims Bible

Turn ye not to idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods. I am the Lord your God.

King James Bible - Leviticus 19:4

Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am the LORD your God.

World English Bible

"'Don't turn to idols, nor make molten gods for yourselves. I am Yahweh your God.

World Wide Bible Resources


Leviticus 19:4

Early Christian Commentary - (A.D. 100 - A.D. 325)

Anf-02 vi.ii.iv Pg 36.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Anf-03 iv.iv.iv Pg 3
Lev. xxvi. 1; Ex. xx. 4; Deut. v. 8. It must of course be borne in mind that Tertullian has defined the meaning of the word idol in the former chapter, and speaks with reference to that definition.

and by conjoining, “Nor a similitude of the things which are in the heaven, and which are in the earth, and which are in the sea,” has interdicted the servants of God from acts of that kind all the universe over. Enoch had preceded, predicting that “the demons, and the spirits of the angelic apostates,180

180 Compare de Oratione, c. 23, and de Virg. Vel. c. 7.

would turn into idolatry all the elements, all the garniture of the universe, all things contained in the heaven, in the sea, in the earth, that they might be consecrated as God, in opposition to God.” All things, therefore, does human error worship, except the Founder of all Himself.  The images of those things are idols; the consecration of the images is idolatry. Whatever guilt idolatry incurs, must necessarily be imputed to every artificer of every idol. In short, the same Enoch fore-condemns in general menace both idol-worshippers and idol-makers together. And again:  “I swear to you, sinners, that against the day of perdition of blood181

181


Anf-03 iv.iv.v Pg 15
Ex. xx. 4, etc. [The absurd “brazen serpent” which I have seen in the Church of St. Ambrose, in Milan, is with brazen hardihood affirmed to be the identical serpent which Moses lifted up in the wilderness. But it lacks all symbolic character, as it is not set upon a pole nor in any way fitted to a cross. It greatly resembles a vane set upon a pivot.]

If you look back, too, to the precept enjoining the subsequently made similitude, do you, too, imitate Moses: make not any likeness in opposition to the law, unless to you, too, God have bidden it.198

198 [Elucidation I.]


Anf-03 iv.ix.x Pg 34
Ex. xx. 4.

set forth a brazen serpent, placed on a “tree,” in a hanging posture, for a spectacle of healing to Israel, at the time when, after their idolatry,1340

1340


Anf-01 ix.ii.xxx Pg 9
Ex. xx. 5; Isa. xlv. 5, 6.

Such are the falsehoods which these people invent.


Anf-02 vi.iii.i.viii Pg 37.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Npnf-201 iii.xii.xi Pg 25


Anf-03 v.x.ii Pg 6
Ex. xx. 22, 23.

To the following effect also, in Deuteronomy: “Hear, O Israel; The Lord thy God is one: and thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and all thy might, and with all thy soul.”8232

8232


Npnf-201 iii.xiii.xiii Pg 9


Npnf-201 iv.vii.xviii Pg 37


Anf-02 vi.iv.ii.xv Pg 39.2


Npnf-201 iii.xiii.xiii Pg 9


Npnf-201 iv.vii.xviii Pg 37


Anf-02 vi.ii.iv Pg 36.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Anf-03 iv.iv.iv Pg 3
Lev. xxvi. 1; Ex. xx. 4; Deut. v. 8. It must of course be borne in mind that Tertullian has defined the meaning of the word idol in the former chapter, and speaks with reference to that definition.

and by conjoining, “Nor a similitude of the things which are in the heaven, and which are in the earth, and which are in the sea,” has interdicted the servants of God from acts of that kind all the universe over. Enoch had preceded, predicting that “the demons, and the spirits of the angelic apostates,180

180 Compare de Oratione, c. 23, and de Virg. Vel. c. 7.

would turn into idolatry all the elements, all the garniture of the universe, all things contained in the heaven, in the sea, in the earth, that they might be consecrated as God, in opposition to God.” All things, therefore, does human error worship, except the Founder of all Himself.  The images of those things are idols; the consecration of the images is idolatry. Whatever guilt idolatry incurs, must necessarily be imputed to every artificer of every idol. In short, the same Enoch fore-condemns in general menace both idol-worshippers and idol-makers together. And again:  “I swear to you, sinners, that against the day of perdition of blood181

181


Anf-03 iv.iv.v Pg 15
Ex. xx. 4, etc. [The absurd “brazen serpent” which I have seen in the Church of St. Ambrose, in Milan, is with brazen hardihood affirmed to be the identical serpent which Moses lifted up in the wilderness. But it lacks all symbolic character, as it is not set upon a pole nor in any way fitted to a cross. It greatly resembles a vane set upon a pivot.]

If you look back, too, to the precept enjoining the subsequently made similitude, do you, too, imitate Moses: make not any likeness in opposition to the law, unless to you, too, God have bidden it.198

198 [Elucidation I.]


Anf-03 iv.ix.x Pg 34
Ex. xx. 4.

set forth a brazen serpent, placed on a “tree,” in a hanging posture, for a spectacle of healing to Israel, at the time when, after their idolatry,1340

1340


Anf-01 ix.ii.xxx Pg 9
Ex. xx. 5; Isa. xlv. 5, 6.

Such are the falsehoods which these people invent.


Anf-02 vi.iii.i.viii Pg 37.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Npnf-201 iii.xii.xi Pg 25


Anf-01 vi.ii.iv Pg 8
Ex. xxxii. 7; Deut. ix. 12.

And Moses understood [the meaning of God], and cast the two tables out of his hands; and their covenant was broken, in order that the covenant of the beloved Jesus might be sealed upon our heart, in the hope which flows from believing in Him.1475

1475


Anf-01 ii.ii.liii Pg 2
Ex. xxxii. 7, etc.; Deut. ix. 12, etc.

And the Lord said unto him, “I have spoken to thee once and again, saying, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiff-necked people: let Me destroy them, and blot out their name from under heaven; and I will make thee a great and wonderful nation, and one much more numerous than this.”237

237


Anf-01 vi.ii.xiv Pg 5
Ex. xxxii. 7; Deut. ix. 12.

And Moses understood that they had again1645

1645 Cod. Sin. reads, “for themselves.”

made molten images; and he threw the tables out of his hands, and the tables of the testament of the Lord were broken. Moses then received it, but they proved themselves unworthy. Learn now how we have received it. Moses, as a servant,1646

1646


Anf-03 iv.iv.iii Pg 8
See Ex. xxxii.; and compare 1 Cor. x. 7, where the latter part of Ex. xxxii. 6 is quoted.



Anf-03 v.x.iii Pg 3
Ex. xxxii.

Aaron is importuned, and commands that the earrings of their women be brought together, that they may be thrown into the fire. For the people were about to lose, as a judgment upon themselves, the true ornaments for the ears, the words of God. The wise fire makes for them the molten likeness of a calf, reproaching them with having the heart where they have their treasure also,—in Egypt, to wit, which clothed with sacredness, among the other animals, a certain ox likewise.  Therefore the slaughter of three thousand by their nearest relatives, because they had displeased their so very near relative God, solemnly marked both the commencement and the deserts of the trespass. Israel having, as we are told in Numbers,8247

8247


Anf-03 iv.ix.i Pg 18
Ex. xxxii. 4: comp. Acts vii. 38–41; 1 Cor. x. 7; Ps. cvi. 19–22.

For thus, in the later times in which kings were governing them, did they again, in conjunction with Jeroboam, worship golden kine, and groves, and enslave themselves to Baal.1137

1137


Anf-01 viii.iv.cxxi Pg 3
So Justin concludes from Deut. iv. 19; comp. chap. lv. [The explanation is not very difficult (see Rom. i. 28), but the language of Justin is unguarded.]

as it is written, but no one ever was seen to endure death on account of his faith in the sun; but for the name of Jesus you may see men of every nation who have endured and do endure all sufferings, rather than deny Him. For the word of His truth and wisdom is more ardent and more light-giving than the rays of the sun, and sinks down into the depths of heart and mind. Hence also the Scripture said, ‘His name shall rise up above the sun.’ And again, Zechariah says, ‘His name is the East.’2414

2414


Anf-01 viii.iv.lv Pg 2
Deut. iv. 19, an apparent [i.e., evident] misinterpretation of the passage. [But see St. John x. 33–36.]

God has given to the nations to worship as gods; and oftentimes the prophets, employing2120

2120 Or, “misusing.”

this manner of speech, say that ‘thy God is a God of gods, and a Lord of lords,’ adding frequently, ‘the great and strong and terrible [God].’ For such expressions are used, not as if they really were gods, but because the Scripture is teaching us that the true God, who made all things, is Lord alone of those who are reputed gods and lords. And in order that the Holy Spirit may convince [us] of this, He said by the holy David, ‘The gods of the nations, reputed gods, are idols of demons, and not gods;’2121

2121


Anf-01 ix.iv.vii Pg 32
Deut. iv. 19.

And Moses himself, being a man of God, was indeed given as a god before Pharaoh;3356

3356


Anf-02 iv.ii.ii.xxxv Pg 4.1


Anf-02 vi.iv.vi.xiv Pg 15.1


Anf-02 vi.ii.viii Pg 12.1


Anf-02 vi.iv.i.xxvii Pg 2.1


Anf-01 v.xviii.v Pg 2
2 Kings xxii.; xxiii.

To such an extent did he display zeal in the cause of godliness, and prove himself a punisher of the ungodly, while he as yet faltered in speech like a child. David, too, who was at once a prophet and a king, and the root of our Saviour according to the flesh, while yet a youth is anointed by Samuel to be king.1371

1371


Anf-01 v.xviii.v Pg 2
2 Kings xxii.; xxiii.

To such an extent did he display zeal in the cause of godliness, and prove himself a punisher of the ungodly, while he as yet faltered in speech like a child. David, too, who was at once a prophet and a king, and the root of our Saviour according to the flesh, while yet a youth is anointed by Samuel to be king.1371

1371


Anf-02 vi.ii.viii Pg 12.1


Anf-02 vi.iv.i.xxvii Pg 2.1


Anf-01 ix.vi.xvi Pg 5
Amos v. 25, 26.

O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to Me sacrifices and oblations for forty years in the wilderness? And ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of the god Remphan,3973

3973 In accordance with the Codex Bezæ.

figures which ye made to worship them;”3974

3974


Anf-01 ix.vi.xvi Pg 5
Amos v. 25, 26.

O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to Me sacrifices and oblations for forty years in the wilderness? And ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of the god Remphan,3973

3973 In accordance with the Codex Bezæ.

figures which ye made to worship them;”3974

3974


Anf-01 viii.iv.cxxi Pg 3
So Justin concludes from Deut. iv. 19; comp. chap. lv. [The explanation is not very difficult (see Rom. i. 28), but the language of Justin is unguarded.]

as it is written, but no one ever was seen to endure death on account of his faith in the sun; but for the name of Jesus you may see men of every nation who have endured and do endure all sufferings, rather than deny Him. For the word of His truth and wisdom is more ardent and more light-giving than the rays of the sun, and sinks down into the depths of heart and mind. Hence also the Scripture said, ‘His name shall rise up above the sun.’ And again, Zechariah says, ‘His name is the East.’2414

2414


Anf-01 viii.iv.lv Pg 2
Deut. iv. 19, an apparent [i.e., evident] misinterpretation of the passage. [But see St. John x. 33–36.]

God has given to the nations to worship as gods; and oftentimes the prophets, employing2120

2120 Or, “misusing.”

this manner of speech, say that ‘thy God is a God of gods, and a Lord of lords,’ adding frequently, ‘the great and strong and terrible [God].’ For such expressions are used, not as if they really were gods, but because the Scripture is teaching us that the true God, who made all things, is Lord alone of those who are reputed gods and lords. And in order that the Holy Spirit may convince [us] of this, He said by the holy David, ‘The gods of the nations, reputed gods, are idols of demons, and not gods;’2121

2121


Anf-01 ix.iv.vii Pg 32
Deut. iv. 19.

And Moses himself, being a man of God, was indeed given as a god before Pharaoh;3356

3356


Anf-02 iv.ii.ii.xxxv Pg 4.1


Anf-02 vi.iv.vi.xiv Pg 15.1


Anf-02 vi.ii.iv Pg 36.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Anf-03 iv.iv.iv Pg 3
Lev. xxvi. 1; Ex. xx. 4; Deut. v. 8. It must of course be borne in mind that Tertullian has defined the meaning of the word idol in the former chapter, and speaks with reference to that definition.

and by conjoining, “Nor a similitude of the things which are in the heaven, and which are in the earth, and which are in the sea,” has interdicted the servants of God from acts of that kind all the universe over. Enoch had preceded, predicting that “the demons, and the spirits of the angelic apostates,180

180 Compare de Oratione, c. 23, and de Virg. Vel. c. 7.

would turn into idolatry all the elements, all the garniture of the universe, all things contained in the heaven, in the sea, in the earth, that they might be consecrated as God, in opposition to God.” All things, therefore, does human error worship, except the Founder of all Himself.  The images of those things are idols; the consecration of the images is idolatry. Whatever guilt idolatry incurs, must necessarily be imputed to every artificer of every idol. In short, the same Enoch fore-condemns in general menace both idol-worshippers and idol-makers together. And again:  “I swear to you, sinners, that against the day of perdition of blood181

181


Anf-03 iv.iv.v Pg 15
Ex. xx. 4, etc. [The absurd “brazen serpent” which I have seen in the Church of St. Ambrose, in Milan, is with brazen hardihood affirmed to be the identical serpent which Moses lifted up in the wilderness. But it lacks all symbolic character, as it is not set upon a pole nor in any way fitted to a cross. It greatly resembles a vane set upon a pivot.]

If you look back, too, to the precept enjoining the subsequently made similitude, do you, too, imitate Moses: make not any likeness in opposition to the law, unless to you, too, God have bidden it.198

198 [Elucidation I.]


Anf-03 iv.ix.x Pg 34
Ex. xx. 4.

set forth a brazen serpent, placed on a “tree,” in a hanging posture, for a spectacle of healing to Israel, at the time when, after their idolatry,1340

1340


Anf-02 vi.ii.iv Pg 36.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Anf-03 iv.iv.iv Pg 3
Lev. xxvi. 1; Ex. xx. 4; Deut. v. 8. It must of course be borne in mind that Tertullian has defined the meaning of the word idol in the former chapter, and speaks with reference to that definition.

and by conjoining, “Nor a similitude of the things which are in the heaven, and which are in the earth, and which are in the sea,” has interdicted the servants of God from acts of that kind all the universe over. Enoch had preceded, predicting that “the demons, and the spirits of the angelic apostates,180

180 Compare de Oratione, c. 23, and de Virg. Vel. c. 7.

would turn into idolatry all the elements, all the garniture of the universe, all things contained in the heaven, in the sea, in the earth, that they might be consecrated as God, in opposition to God.” All things, therefore, does human error worship, except the Founder of all Himself.  The images of those things are idols; the consecration of the images is idolatry. Whatever guilt idolatry incurs, must necessarily be imputed to every artificer of every idol. In short, the same Enoch fore-condemns in general menace both idol-worshippers and idol-makers together. And again:  “I swear to you, sinners, that against the day of perdition of blood181

181


Anf-03 iv.iv.v Pg 15
Ex. xx. 4, etc. [The absurd “brazen serpent” which I have seen in the Church of St. Ambrose, in Milan, is with brazen hardihood affirmed to be the identical serpent which Moses lifted up in the wilderness. But it lacks all symbolic character, as it is not set upon a pole nor in any way fitted to a cross. It greatly resembles a vane set upon a pivot.]

If you look back, too, to the precept enjoining the subsequently made similitude, do you, too, imitate Moses: make not any likeness in opposition to the law, unless to you, too, God have bidden it.198

198 [Elucidation I.]


Anf-03 iv.ix.x Pg 34
Ex. xx. 4.

set forth a brazen serpent, placed on a “tree,” in a hanging posture, for a spectacle of healing to Israel, at the time when, after their idolatry,1340

1340


Anf-02 vi.iii.i.viii Pg 37.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Anf-02 vi.ii.iv Pg 36.1


Anf-02 vi.iii.iii.xii Pg 20.1


Anf-03 iv.iv.iv Pg 3
Lev. xxvi. 1; Ex. xx. 4; Deut. v. 8. It must of course be borne in mind that Tertullian has defined the meaning of the word idol in the former chapter, and speaks with reference to that definition.

and by conjoining, “Nor a similitude of the things which are in the heaven, and which are in the earth, and which are in the sea,” has interdicted the servants of God from acts of that kind all the universe over. Enoch had preceded, predicting that “the demons, and the spirits of the angelic apostates,180

180 Compare de Oratione, c. 23, and de Virg. Vel. c. 7.

would turn into idolatry all the elements, all the garniture of the universe, all things contained in the heaven, in the sea, in the earth, that they might be consecrated as God, in opposition to God.” All things, therefore, does human error worship, except the Founder of all Himself.  The images of those things are idols; the consecration of the images is idolatry. Whatever guilt idolatry incurs, must necessarily be imputed to every artificer of every idol. In short, the same Enoch fore-condemns in general menace both idol-worshippers and idol-makers together. And again:  “I swear to you, sinners, that against the day of perdition of blood181

181


Anf-03 iv.iv.v Pg 15
Ex. xx. 4, etc. [The absurd “brazen serpent” which I have seen in the Church of St. Ambrose, in Milan, is with brazen hardihood affirmed to be the identical serpent which Moses lifted up in the wilderness. But it lacks all symbolic character, as it is not set upon a pole nor in any way fitted to a cross. It greatly resembles a vane set upon a pivot.]

If you look back, too, to the precept enjoining the subsequently made similitude, do you, too, imitate Moses: make not any likeness in opposition to the law, unless to you, too, God have bidden it.198

198 [Elucidation I.]


Anf-03 iv.ix.x Pg 34
Ex. xx. 4.

set forth a brazen serpent, placed on a “tree,” in a hanging posture, for a spectacle of healing to Israel, at the time when, after their idolatry,1340

1340


Anf-02 vi.iii.i.ix Pg 70.2


Anf-02 vi.iii.i.ix Pg 43.1


Edersheim Bible History

Lifetimes xi.xiii Pg 7.1


Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge, Chapter 19

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