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PARALLEL BIBLE - Matthew 23:35


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King James Bible - Matthew 23:35

That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.

World English Bible

that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the sanctuary and the altar.

Douay-Rheims - Matthew 23:35

That upon you may come all the just blood that hath been shed upon the earth, from the blood of Abel the just, even unto the blood of Zacharias the son of Barachias, whom you killed between the temple and the altar.

Webster's Bible Translation

That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel, to the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.

Greek Textus Receptus


οπως
3704 ADV ελθη 2064 5632 V-2AAS-3S εφ 1909 PREP υμας 5209 P-2AP παν 3956 A-NSN αιμα 129 N-NSN δικαιον 1342 A-NSN εκχυνομενον 1632 5746 V-PPP-NSN επι 1909 PREP της 3588 T-GSF γης 1093 N-GSF απο 575 PREP του 3588 T-GSN αιματος 129 N-GSN αβελ 6 N-PRI του 3588 T-GSM δικαιου 1342 A-GSM εως 2193 CONJ του 3588 T-GSN αιματος 129 N-GSN ζαχαριου 2197 N-GSM υιου 5207 N-GSM βαραχιου 914 N-GSM ον 3739 R-ASM εφονευσατε 5407 5656 V-AAI-2P μεταξυ 3342 ADV του 3588 T-GSM ναου 3485 N-GSM και 2532 CONJ του 3588 T-GSN θυσιαστηριου 2379 N-GSN

Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge

VERSE (35) -
Ge 9:5,6 Nu 35:33 De 21:7,8 2Ki 21:16; 24:4 Isa 26:21

SEV Biblia, Chapter 23:35

Para que venga sobre vosotros toda la sangre justa que se ha derramado sobre la tierra, desde la sangre de Abel el justo, hasta la sangre de Zacarías, hijo de Berequías, al cual matasteis entre el Templo y el altar.

Clarke's Bible Commentary - Matthew 23:35

Verse 35. Upon the
earth] epi thv ghv, upon this land, meaning probably the land of Judea; for thus the word is often to be understood.

The national punishment of all the innocent blood which had been shed in the land, shall speedily come upon you, from the blood of Hebel the just, the first prophet and preacher of righteousness, Heb. xi. 4; 2 Pet. ii. 5, to the blood of Zachariah, the son of Barachiah. It is likely that our Lord refers to the murder of Zachariah, mentioned 2 Chron. xxiv. 20, who said to the people, Why transgress ye the commandments of God, so that ye cannot prosper? Because ye have forsaken the Lord, he hath forsaken you.

And they conspired against him and stoned him-at the commandment of the king, in the court of the house of the Lord. And when he died, he said, The Lord look upon and require it: 2 Chron. xxiv. 21, 22.

But it is objected, that this Zachariah was called the son of Jehoiada, and our Lord calls this one the son of Barachiah. Let it be observed, 1. That double names were frequent among the Jews; and sometimes the person was called by one, sometimes by the other. Compare 1 Sam. ix. 1, with 1 Chron. viii. 33, where it appears that the father of Kish had two names, Abiel and Ner. So Matthew is called Levi; compare chap. ix. 9, with Mark ii. 14. So Peter was also called Simon, and Lebbeus was called Thaddeus. chap. x. 2, 3.

2. That Jerome says that, in the Gospel of the Nazarenes, it was Jehoiada, instead of Barachiah.

3. That Jehoiada and Barachiah have the very same meaning, the praise or blessing of Jehovah.

4. That as the Lord required the blood of Zachariah so fully that in a year all the princes of Judah and Jerusalem were destroyed by the Syrians, and Joash, who commanded the murder, slain by his own servants, 2 Chron. xxiv. 23-25, and their state grew worse and worse, till at last the temple was burned, and the people carried into captivity by Nebuzaradan:-so it should also be with the present race. The Lord would, after the crucifixion of Christ, visit upon them the murder of all those righteous men, that their state should grow worse and worse, till at last the temple should be destroyed, and they finally ruined by the Romans. See this prediction in the next chapter: and see Dr. Whitby concerning Zachariah, the son of Barachiah.

Some think that our Lord refers, in the spirit of prophecy, to the murder of Zacharias, son of Baruch, a rich Jew, who was judged, condemned, and massacred in the temple by Idumean zealots, because he was rich, a lover of liberty, and a hater of wickedness. They gave him a mock trial; and, when no evidence could be brought against him of his being guilty of the crime they laid to his charge, viz. a design to betray the city to the Romans, and his judges had pronounced him innocent, two of the stoutest of the zealots fell upon him and slew him in the middle of the temple. See Josephus, WAR, b. iv. chap. 5. s. 5. See Crevier, vol. vi. p. 172, History of the Roman Emperors. Others imagine that Zachariah, one of the minor prophets, is meant, who might have been massacred by the Jews; for, though the account is not come down to us, our Lord might have it from a well known tradition in those times. But the former opinion is every way the most probable.

Between the temple and the altar.] That is, between the sanctuary and the altar of burnt-offerings.


John Gill's Bible Commentary

Ver. 35. That upon you may come all the righteous blood , etc.] Or the blood of all the righteous men, as the Syriac: Arabic, Persic, and Ethiopic versions read; for there is no righteousness in blood, nor any conveyed by it: all men are of one blood, and that is tainted, they that are righteous, are not so naturally, nor by any righteousness of their own, but by the righteousness of Christ: and such were the persons here meant, whose blood being shed in the cause of righteousness, God would revenge; and the punishment for such a crime, and the vengeance of God for it, were to come upon the nation of the Jews by this means, through their crucifying of Christ, and killing, and persecuting his apostles; whereby they would make it manifest, that they approved of, and consented to, what others had done to all the righteous men, whose blood had been shed upon the earth ; whether in Judea, or elsewhere; and continued in the same wicked practices, or committed worse, and so justly incurred the wrath of God to the uttermost; which would quickly come upon them, when the measure of their fathers sin were filled up by them, from the beginning of time, to the present age: even from the blood of righteous Abel : who was the first person in the world that was killed, and that for righteousness sake too, because his works were righteous, his person being so; not by his works, but through the righteousness and sacrifice of the Messiah, which were to be brought in; in the faith of which he offered up his sacrifice, whereby he obtained a testimony from God, that he was righteous, having respect to his person in Christ, and so to his offering. This epithet of righteous seems to be what was commonly given him by the Jews: hence, with a peculiar emphasis, he is called, qydxh lbh , Abel the righteous f1325 ; as he is also said to be ygrhnl ar , the head of them that killed f1326 ; he being the first man that was slain; for which reason he is mentioned here by Christ; and also, because his blood cried for vengeance, and still continued to do, upon all such persons that should commit the like crime. It is an observation frequently made by the Jews, on those words in ( Genesis 4:10) the voice of thy brothers blood crieth unto me, that it is not said in the Hebrew text, the blood of thy brother, but the bloods of thy brother; his blood, and the blood of his seed f1327 ; and that from hence may be learned, that the blood of his children, and of his childrens children, and of all his offspring, to the end of all generations, that should proceed from him, all stood and cried before the Lord f1328 .

The Jerusalem Targum paraphrases the words in this remarkable manner; the price of the bloods of the multitude of the righteous, that shall spring from Abel thy brother.

And Onkelos thus, the voice of the blood of the seed that shall rise from thy brother, etc. unto the blood of Zacharias, son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar . Learned men are very much divided about this person, who he was. Some think our Lord speaks prophetically of Zechariah, the son of Baruch; who, as Josephus says f1329 , was slain in the middle of the temple, just before the siege of Jerusalem; and who was, as he also relates, a rich man, of an illustrious family, a hater of wickedness, and a friend to liberty: and because, as Abel was the first man that was slain, and this man being killed in the temple, at the close of the Jewish state; and because the words may be rendered, whom ye shall have slain, therefore he is thought to be intended: but there are several things that do not agree with him, besides its being a narration of a fact, as past, according to the usual rendering of the word: for this Zacharias was the son of Baruch, and not Barachias, which are two different names; he was killed in the middle of the temple, not between the temple and the altar; nor does he appear to be a man of such great character, as to be distinguished in this manner; and besides, his death was what the Jews did not consent to in general, and therefore could not be charged with it; he was acquitted by the sanhedrim of the charge of treachery laid against him, and was assassinated by two zealots. Others have thought that Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, is meant, who is supposed to be murdered by the Jews very lately; and it being a recent action, is mentioned by our Lord: the reason of it is a tradition, which several ancient writers speak of, and is pretended to be this; that there was a place, in the temple appropriated to virgins, and that Mary, the mother of our Lord, after his birth, came and took her place here, as a virgin, when the Jews, knowing her to have a child, objected to it; but Zechariah, who was acquainted with the mystery of the incarnation, ordered her to keep her place, upon which the Jews slew him upon the spot: but this tradition is not to be depended on; nor does it appear that there ever was any such particular place in the temple assigned to virgins; nor that the father of this Zacharias was Barachias; or that the son was slain by the Jews, and in this place. Others have been of opinion, that Zechariah the prophet is designed; and indeed, he is said to be the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, ( Zechariah 1:1) and the Jewish Targumist speaks of a Zechariah, the son of Iddo, as slain by the Jews in the temple. His words are these f1331 ; as ye slew Zechariah, the son of Iddo, the high priest, and faithful prophet, in the house of the sanctuary of the Lord, on the day of atonement; because he reproved you, that ye might not do that evil which is before the Lord.

And him the Jews make to be the same with Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah, in ( Isaiah 8:2) and read Berechiah f1332 : but the Targumist seems to confound Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, with him; for the prophet Zechariah was not an high priest, Joshua was high priest in his time; nor does it appear from any writings, that he was killed by the Jews; nor is it probable that they would be guilty of such a crime, just upon their return from captivity; and besides, he could not be slain in such a place, because the temple, and altar, were not yet built: it remains, that it must be Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada the priest, who was slain in the court of the house of the Lord, ( 2 Chronicles 24:20-22) who, as Abel was the first, he is the last of the righteous men whose death is related in the Scriptures, and for whose blood vengeance was required, as for Abels. He was slain in the court of the house of the Lord; and so the Ethiopic version here renders it, in the midst of the holy house. It is often said by the Jewish writer f1333 , that R. Joden (sometimes it is R. Jonathan) asked R. Acha, whether they slew Zechariah, in the court of the Israelites, or in the court of the women? he answered him, neither in the court of the Israelites, nor in the court of the women, but in the court of the priests.

And elsewhere they say f1334 , that they slew a priest and a prophet in the sanctuary; this is Zechariah the son of Jehoiada.

Now it should be observed, that the temple, or sanctuary, is sometimes put for the whole sacred building, with all its courts and appurtenances; and sometimes, as in this text, for that part of it that was covered, between which, and the altar of burnt offerings, in the court of the priests, which must he here meant, and not the altar of incense, in the most holy place, was a space of twenty two cubits f1335 , frequently called, in Jewish writings, the space between the porch and the altar; that is, the porch which led into the temple, and the brazen altar in the court of the priests, which was open to the air, and is the very spot here intended. Now this was a very sacred place, and is mentioned as an aggravation of the sin of the Jews, that they should enter where none but priests might; nor these neither that had any defect in them; and defile it also by shedding innocent blood. The court of the Israelites is holier than the court of the women; because those that wanted atonement might not enter there; and a defiled person that entered there, was obliged to be cut off: the court of the priests was holier than that, because the Israelites might not enter there, but in the time of their necessities, for laying on of hands for atonement, for killing and waving: the place between the porch and the altar was holier than that; for such that had any blemishes, or were bareheaded, or had their garments rent, might not enter f1336 .

Hence they say f1337 , that the Israelites committed seven transgressions on that day: they slew a priest, and a prophet, and a judge; and they shed innocent blood, and they blasphemed God, and defiled the court, and it was a sabbath day, and the day of atonement.

The chief objections to its being this Zechariah are, that the names do agree; the one being the son of Jehoiada, the other the son of Barachias; and the killing of him was eight hundred years before this time; when it might have been thought our Lord would have instanced in a later action: and this he speaks of, he ascribes to the men of that generation: to which may be replied, that as to the difference of names, the father of this Zechariah might have two names, which is no unusual thing; besides, these two names signify much the same thing; Jehoiada signifies praise the Lord, and Barachias bless the Lord; just as Eliakim and Jehoiakim, are names of the same person, and signify the same thing, ( 2 Chronicles 36:4).

Moreover, Jerom tells us, that in the Hebrew copy of this Gospel used by the Nazarenes, he found the name Jehoiada instead of Barachias: and as to the action being done so long ago, what has been suggested already may be an answer to it, that it was the last on record in the writings of the Old Testament; and that his blood, as Abels, is said to require vengeance: and Christ might the rather pitch upon this action, because it was committed on a very great and worthy man, and in the holy place, and by the body of the people, at the command of their king, and with their full approbation, and consent: and therefore, though this was not done by the individual persons in being in Christs time, yet by the same people; and so they are said to slay him, and his blood is required of them: and their horrible destruction was a punishment for that load of national guilt, which had been for many hundreds of years contracting, and heaping upon them.


Matthew Henry Commentary

Verses 34-39 - Our Lord declares the miseries the inhabitants of Jerusalem were abou to bring upon themselves, but he does not notice the sufferings he wa to undergo. A hen gathering her chickens under her wings, is an ap emblem of the Saviour's tender love to those who trust in him, and his faithful care of them. He calls sinners to take refuge under his tende protection, keeps them safe, and nourishes them to eternal life. The present dispersion and unbelief of the Jews, and their futur conversion to Christ, were here foretold. Jerusalem and her children had a large share of guilt, and their punishment has been signal. But ere long, deserved vengeance will fall on every church which i Christian in name only. In the mean time the Saviour stands ready to receive all who come to him. There is nothing between sinners an eternal happiness, but their proud and unbelieving unwillingness __________________________________________________________________


Greek Textus Receptus


οπως
3704 ADV ελθη 2064 5632 V-2AAS-3S εφ 1909 PREP υμας 5209 P-2AP παν 3956 A-NSN αιμα 129 N-NSN δικαιον 1342 A-NSN εκχυνομενον 1632 5746 V-PPP-NSN επι 1909 PREP της 3588 T-GSF γης 1093 N-GSF απο 575 PREP του 3588 T-GSN αιματος 129 N-GSN αβελ 6 N-PRI του 3588 T-GSM δικαιου 1342 A-GSM εως 2193 CONJ του 3588 T-GSN αιματος 129 N-GSN ζαχαριου 2197 N-GSM υιου 5207 N-GSM βαραχιου 914 N-GSM ον 3739 R-ASM εφονευσατε 5407 5656 V-AAI-2P μεταξυ 3342 ADV του 3588 T-GSM ναου 3485 N-GSM και 2532 CONJ του 3588 T-GSN θυσιαστηριου 2379 N-GSN

Vincent's NT Word Studies

35.
Temple (naou). Rev., rightly, sanctuary. See on Matt. iv. 5. Zechariah was slain between the temple proper and the altar of burnt-offering, in the priests' court.

Robertson's NT Word Studies

23:35 {
Zachariah son of Barachiah} (zacariou huiou baraciou). Broadus gives well the various alternatives in understanding and explaining the presence of "son of Barachiah" here which is not in #Lu 11:51. The usual explanation is that the reference is to Zachariah the son of Jehoiada the priest who was slain in the court of the temple (#2Ch 24:20ff.). How the words, "son of Barachiah," got into Matthew we do not know. A half-dozen possibilities can be suggested. In the case of Abel a reckoning for the shedding of his blood was foretold (#Ge 4:10) and the same thing was true of the slaying of Zachariah (#2Ch 24:22).


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