SEV Biblia, Chapter 12:1
¶ En aquel tiempo iba Jess por los sembrados en día de sbado; y sus discípulos tenían hambre, y comenzaron a coger espigas, y a comer.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Matthew 12:1
Verse 1. At that time Jesus went on the Sabbath-day through the corn] "The time is determined by Luke in these words, en sabbatw deuteroprwtw, that is, on the Sabbath from the second-first. "1. Provision was made by the Divine law that the sheaf of first-fruits should be offered on the second day of the pass- over week, Lev. xxiii. 10, 11. On the morrow after the Sabbath, the priest shall shake (or wave) it. Not on the morrow after the ordinary Sabbath of the week, but the morrow after the first of the pass-over week, which was a Sabbatic day, Exod. xii. 16; Leviticus xxiii. 7. Hence the seventy, epaurion thv prwthv, the morrow of the first day; the Chaldee, the morrow after the holy day. The rabbins, Solomon and Menachen, have it, On the morrow after the first day of the pass-over feast; of which mention had been made in the verses foregoing.
"But now, from the second day of the pass-over solemnity, wherein the sheaf was offered, were numbered seven weeks to pentecost: for the day of the sheaf, and the day of pentecost did mutually respect each other; for on this second day of the pass-over, the offering of the sheaf was supplicatory, and by way of prayer, beseeching a blessing upon the new corn, and leave to eat it, and to pot in the sickle into the standing corn.
Now, the offering of the first-fruit loaves on the day of pentecost, (Lev. xxiii. 15-17,) did respect the giving of thanks for the finishing and housing of the barley-harvest. Therefore, in regard of this relation, these two solemnities were linked together, that both might respect the harvest; that, the harvest beginning; this, the harvest ended: this depended on that, and was numbered seven weeks after it. Therefore, the computation of the time coming between could not but carry with it the memory of that second day of the pass-over week; and hence pentecost is called the feast of weeks, Deut. xvi. 10. The true calculation of the time between could not otherwise be retained, as to Sabbaths, but by numbering thus: this is sabbatwn deuteroprwton, the first Sabbath after the second day of the pass-over. This is deuterodeureron, the second Sabbath after that second day. And so of the rest. In the Jerusalem Talmud, the word ayymgwfwrp tb shebeth protogamiya, the Sabbath, protogamiav, of the first marriage, is a composition not very unlike." Lightfoot.
His disciples were an hungered] Were hungry. The former is a mode of expression totally obsolete. How near does the translation of this verse come to our ancient mother-tongue, the Anglo-Saxon!--The Healer went on rest-day over acres: truly his learning knights hungred, and they began to pluck the ear and eaten. We may well wonder at the extreme poverty of Christ and his disciples. He was himself present with them, and yet permitted them to lack bread! A man, therefore, is not forsaken of God because he is in want. It is more honourable to suffer the want of all temporal things in fellowship with Christ and his followers, than to have all things in abundance in connection with the world.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 1. At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn , etc.] That is, the corn fields, as the other evangelists express it. It being on a sabbath day, it is very probable, that Christ and his disciples were going to some public place of worship, the way to which lay through some fields of corn, which were now ripe: for Luke says, it was on the second sabbath after the first, or rather the first sabbath after the second; that is, the first sabbath after the second day of the passover, when the sheaf of the first fruit was offered, and harvest was begun. And his disciples were an hungered ; it being in the morning before they had broke their fast; and this circumstance is mentioned to show the reason of the following action, and to excuse it: at which the Pharisees were so much offended, and of which they accused them, as having done what was very criminal: and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat ; Luke adds, rubbing them in their hands; and so here in the Syriac, Arabic, and Persic versions, it is rendered, they began to rub: as they passed along, they plucked off the ears of corn, either barley or wheat, and rubbed them in their hands, to get the grain clear of the husk, or beard, and eat them; contenting themselves with such mean and unprepared food, when the Jews on that day fed on the best of dainties f706 .
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-8 - Being in the corn-fields, the disciples began to pluck the ears of corn: the law of God allowed it, De 23:25. This was slender provisio for Christ and his disciples; but they were content with it. The Pharisees did not quarrel with them for taking another man's corn, but for doing it on the sabbath day. Christ came to free his followers, no only from the corruptions of the Pharisees, but from their unscriptura rules, and justified what they did. The greatest shall not have their lusts indulged, but the meanest shall have their wants considered Those labours are lawful on the sabbath day which are necessary, an sabbath rest is to froward, not to hinder sabbath worship. Needfu provision for health and food is to be made; but when servants are kep at home, and families become a scene of hurry and confusion on the Lord's day, to furnish a feast for visitors, or for indulgence, the case is very different. Such things as these, and many others commo among professors, are to be blamed. The resting on the sabbath wa ordained for man's good, De 5:14. No law must be understood so as to contradict its own end. And as Christ is the Lord of the sabbath, it is fit the day and the work of it should be dedicated to him.
Greek Textus Receptus
εν 1722 PREP εκεινω 1565 D-DSM τω 3588 T-DSM καιρω 2540 N-DSM επορευθη 4198 5675 V-AOI-3S ο 3588 T-NSM ιησους 2424 N-NSM τοις 3588 T-DPN σαββασιν 4521 N-DPN δια 1223 PREP των 3588 T-GPM σποριμων 4702 A-GPM οι 3588 T-NPM δε 1161 CONJ μαθηται 3101 N-NPM αυτου 846 P-GSM επεινασαν 3983 5656 V-AAI-3P και 2532 CONJ ηρξαντο 756 5662 V-ADI-3P τιλλειν 5089 5721 V-PAN σταχυας 4719 N-APM και 2532 CONJ εσθιειν 2068 5721 V-PAN
Vincent's NT Word Studies
1. Time (kairw). Rev., season. The word implies a particular time; as related to some event, a convenient, appropriate time; absolutely, a particular point of time, or a particular season, like spring or winter.Corn (sporimwn). From speirw, to sow. Properly, as Rev., corn-fields.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
12:1 {On the sabbath day through the cornfields} (tois sabbasin dia twn sporimwn). this paragraph begins exactly like #11:25 "at that season" (en ekeinwi twi kairwi), a general statement with no clear idea of time. So also #14:1. The word kairos means a definite and particular time, but we cannot fix it. The word "cornfields" does not mean our maize or Indian corn, but simply fields of grain (wheat or even barley).
