SEV Biblia, Chapter 15:44
se siembra cuerpo animal, se levantar cuerpo espiritual. Hay cuerpo animal, y hay cuerpo espiritual.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - 1 Corinthians 15:44
Verse 44. It is sown a natural body] swma yucikon? An animal body, having a multiplicity of solids and fluids of different kinds, with different functions; composed of muscles, fibres, tendons, cartilages, bones, arteries, veins, nerves, blood, and various juices, requiring continual support from aliment; and hence the necessity of labour to provide food, and skill to prepare it; which food must be masticated, digested, and refined; what is proper for nourishment secreted, brought into the circulation, farther elabourated, and prepared to enter into the composition of every part; hence growth and nutrition; without which no organized body can possibly exist. It is raised a spiritual body.] One perfect in all its parts; no longer dependent on natural productions for its support; being built up on indestructible principles, and existing in a region where there shall be no more death; no more causes of decay leading to dissolution; and consequently, no more necessity for food, nutrition, &c. The body is spiritual, and has a spiritual existence and spiritual support.
What the apostle says here is quite consistent with the views his countrymen had on this subject.
In Sohar Chadash, fol. 43, it is said: "So shall it be in the resurrection of the dead; only, the old uncleanness shall not be found." R. Bechai, on the law, fol. 14, says: "When the godly shall arise, their bodies shall be pure and innocent; obedient to the instinct of the soul: there shall be no adversary, nor any evil disease." Rab. Pinchas says: "The holy blessed God shall make the bodies of the righteous as beautiful as the body of Adam was when he entered into paradise." Rab. Levi says: "When the soul is in heaven, it is clothed with celestial light; when it returns to the body, it shall have the same light; and then the body shall shine like the splendour of the firmament of heaven. Then shall men gain the knowledge of what is perfect." Sohar. Gen., fol. 69.
The Jews have an opinion that the os coxendicis, the lower joint of the backbone, survives the corruption of the body; and that it is out of this bone that the resurrection body is formed. In the place last quoted, fol. 70, we have the following teachings on this subject: "Let us borrow an example from what relates to the purifying of silver. First, the ore is cast into the burning furnace, that it may be separated from its earthly impurities; it is then silver, but not perfect silver. They put it into the furnace a second time, and then all its scoriae are separated from it, and it becomes perfect silver, without any adulteration. Thus does the holy blessed God: he first buries our bodies under the earth, where they putrefy and corrupt, that nothing remains but that one bone: from this a new body is produced, which is indeed a body, but not a perfect body. But in that great day, when all bodies are hidden in the earth, and the soul departs, then even that bone decays, and the body which was formed out of it remains, and is as the light of the sun, and the splendour of heaven. Thus, as the silver was purified, so is the body: and no imperfect mixture remains." See Schoettgen.
These things must not be treated as rabbinical dotages; the different similes used for the apostle have the same spirit and design: as the seed which is sown in the earth rots, and out of the germ contained in it God in his providence produces a root, stalk, leaves, ear, and a great numerical increase of grains; is it not likely that God, out of some essential parts of the body that now is, will produce the resurrection body; and will then give the soul a body as it pleaseth him; and so completely preserve the individuality of every human being, as he does of every grain; giving to each its own body? ver. 38. So that as surely as the grain of wheat shall produce wheat after it is cast in the earth, corrupts, and dies; so surely shall our bodies produce the same bodies as to their essential individuality. As the germination of seeds is produced by his wisdom and power, so shall the pure and perfect human body be in the resurrection.
Hence he does not say the body is buried, but the body is sown; it is sown in weakness, it is sown in dishonour, &c., &c.
There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body.] This very saying is found in so many words, in Yalcut Rubeni, fol. cx16: "There are different kinds of men." da hyaw ahmnd da whyad da tya apwgr "There is a spiritual Adam, and there is also a corporeal Adam."
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 44. It is sown a natural body , etc.] Or an animal one, being generated as animals are, and supported with food as they be, and die at last as they do: (see Ecclesiastes 3:19-21). It is raised a spiritual body ; not as to substance, but as to its quality; it will not be changed into a spirit; our Lords risen body, to which ours will be conformed, was not a spirit, but, as before, consisted of flesh and bones: but the body will then be subject to the spirit and soul of man; it will be employed in spiritual service, for which it will be abundantly fitted and assisted by the Spirit of God; and it will be delighted with spiritual objects; it will be like the angels, those excellent spirits; it will live as spirits do, without natural helps and means, as meat, drink, clothes, sleep, and, as they, will never die: there is a natural ; or animal body, such as the first mans was, and those are that descend from him by ordinary generation; and there is a spiritual body ; such as the body of Christ now is, and as will be the bodies of the risen saints; the phrase is Jewish, ynjwrh Pwgh , the spiritual body and the flesh of the righteous, being ynjwr rb , spiritual flesh f338 , are to be met with in their writings.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 35-50 - 1. How are the dead raised up? that is, by what means? How can they be raised? 2. As to the bodies which shall rise. Will it be with the lik shape, and form, and stature, and members, and qualities? The forme objection is that of those who opposed the doctrine, the latter of curious doubters. To the first the answer is, This was to be brough about by Divine power; that power which all may see does somewhat lik it, year after year, in the death and revival of the corn. It is foolish to question the Almighty power of God to raise the dead, when we see it every day quickening and reviving things that are dead. To the second inquiry; The grain undergoes a great change; and so will the dead, when they rise and live again. The seed dies, though a part of it springs into new life, though how it is we cannot fully understand. The works of creation and providence daily teach us to be humble, as wel as to admire the Creator's wisdom and goodness. There is a grea variety among other bodies, as there is among plants. There is variety of glory among heavenly bodies. The bodies of the dead, when they rise, will be fitted for the heavenly bodies. The bodies of the dead, when they rise, will be fitted for the heavenly state; and ther will be a variety of glories among them. Burying the dead, is lik committing seed to the earth, that it may spring out of it again Nothing is more loathsome than a dead body. But believers shall at the resurrection have bodies, made fit to be for ever united with spirit made perfect. To God all things are possible. He is the Author an Source of spiritual life and holiness, unto all his people, by the supply of his Holy Spirit to the soul; and he will also quicken an change the body by his Spirit. The dead in Christ shall not only rise but shall rise thus gloriously changed. The bodies of the saints, when they rise again, will be changed. They will be then glorious an spiritual bodies, fitted to the heavenly world and state, where the are ever afterwards to dwell. The human body in its present form, an with its wants and weaknesses, cannot enter or enjoy the kingdom of God. Then let us not sow to the flesh, of which we can only rea corruption. And the body follows the state of the soul. He, therefore who neglects the life of the soul, casts away his present good; he wh refuses to live to God, squanders all he has.
Greek Textus Receptus
σπειρεται 4687 5743 V-PPI-3S σωμα 4983 N-NSN ψυχικον 5591 A-NSN εγειρεται 1453 5743 V-PPI-3S σωμα 4983 N-NSN πνευματικον 4152 A-NSN εστιν 2076 5748 V-PXI-3S σωμα 4983 N-NSN ψυχικον 5591 A-NSN και 2532 CONJ εστιν 2076 5748 V-PXI-3S σωμα 4983 N-NSN πνευματικον 4152 A-NSN
Vincent's NT Word Studies
44. A natural body (swma yucikon). See on ch. ii. 14. The word yucikon natural occurs only twice outside this epistle; Jas. iii. 15; Jude 19. The expression natural body signifies an organism animated by a yuch soul (see on Rom. xi. 4); that phase of the immaterial principle in man which is more nearly allied to the sarx flesh, and which characterizes the man as a mortal creature; while pneuma spirit is that phase which looks Godward, and characterizes him as related to God. "It is a brief designation for the whole compass of the non-corporeal side of the earthly man" (Wendt). "In the earthly body the yuch soul, not the pneuma spirit is that which conditions its constitution and its qualities, so that it is framed as the organ of the yuch. In the resurrection-body the pneuma spirit, for whose life-activity it is the adequate organ, conditions its nature" (Meyer). Compare Plato: "The soul has the care of inanimate being everywhere, and traverses the whole heaven in divers forms appearing; when perfect and fully winged she soars upward, and is the ruler of the universe; while the imperfect soul loses her feathers, and drooping in her flight, at last settles on the solid ground - there, finding a home, she receives an earthly frame which appears to be self-moved, but is really moved by her power; and this composition of soul and body is called a living and mortal creature. For immortal no such union can be reasonably believed to be; although fancy, not having seen nor surely known the nature of God, may imagine an immortal creature having a body, and having also a soul which are united throughout all time" ("Phaedrus," 246).Spiritual body (swma pneumatikon). A body in which a divine pneuma spirit supersedes the yuch soul, so that the resurrection-body is the fitting organ for its indwelling and work, and so is properly characterized as a spiritual body.
"When, glorious and sanctified, our flesh Is reassumed, 132 then shall our persons be More pleasing by their being all complete; For will increase whate'er bestows on us Of light gratuitous the Good Supreme, Light which enables us to look on Him; Therefore the vision must perforce increase, Increase the ardor which from that is kindled, Increase the radiance from which this proceeds. But even as a coal that sends forth flame, And by its vivid whiteness overpowers it So that its own appearance it maintains, Thus the effulgence that surrounds us now Shall be o'erpowered in aspect by the flesh, Which still to-day the earth doth cover up; Nor can so great a splendor weary us, For strong will be the organs of the body To everything which hath the power to please us." "Paradiso," xiv., 43-60.
There is. The best texts insert if. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. The existence of the one forms a logical presumption for the existence of the other.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
15:44 {A natural body} (swma yucikon). See on 2:14 for this word, a difficult one to translate since yuce has so many meanings. Natural is probably as good a rendering as can be made, but it is not adequate, for the body here is not all yuce either as soul or life. The same difficulty exists as to a spiritual body (swma pneumatikon). The resurrection body is not wholly pneuma. Caution is needed here in filling out details concerning the yuce and the pneuma. But certainly he means to say that the "spiritual body" has some kind of germinal connection with the "natural body," though the development is glorious beyond our comprehension though not beyond the power of Christ to perform (#Php 3:21). The force of the argument remains unimpaired though we cannot follow fully into the thought beyond us. {If there is} (ei estin). "If there exists" (estin means this with accent on first syllable), a condition of first class assumed as true. {There is also} (estin kai). There exists also.
