SEV Biblia, Chapter 10:2
Y los nombres de los doce apstoles son stos: el primero, Simn, que es llamado Pedro, y Andrs su hermano; Jacobo, hijo de Zebedeo, y Juan su hermano;
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Matthew 10:2
Verse 2. Apostles] This is the first place where the word is used. apostolov, an apostle, comes from apostellw, I send a message. The word was anciently used to signify a person commissioned by a king to negotiate any affair between him and any other power or people. Hence apostoloi and khrukev, apostles and heralds, are of the same import in Herodotus. See the remarks at the end of chap. 3.
It is worthy of notice, that those who were Christ's apostles were first his disciples; to intimate, that men must be first taught of God, before they be sent of God. Jesus Christ never made an apostle of any man who was not first his scholar or disciple. These twelve apostles were chosen. 1. That they might be with our Lord, to see and witness his miracles, and hear his doctrine. 2. That they might bear testimony of the former, and preach his truth to mankind.
The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; &c.] We are not to suppose that the word prwtov, first, refers to any kind of dignity, as some have imagined; it merely signifies the first in order-the person first mentioned. A pious man remarks: "God here unites by grace those who were before united by nature." Though nature cannot be deemed a step towards grace, yet it is not to be considered as always a hinderance to it. Happy the brothers who are joint envoys of Heaven, and the parents who have two or more children employed as ambassadors for God! But this is a very rare case; and family compacts in the work of the ministry are dangerous and should be avoided.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 2. Now the names of the twelve apostles are these , etc.] This is the first time these disciples are called apostles, they were learners before; now being instructed, they are sent forth to preach publicly, and therefore are called apostles, or messengers, persons that were sent: so the elders of the priesthood are called yd tyb yjwl , the apostles, or messengers of the sanhedrim f595 , to whom the high priest were delivered, before the day of atonement. So six months in the year, yjwl , apostles, or messengers, were sent by the sanhedrim, throughout all the land of Israel, and to the captive Jews in other parts, to give notice of the new moon; in allusion to which, the disciples might be so called. It was proper to give the names of them, for the truth of the history, and confirmation of it; for the sake of the persons themselves, and the honour done them; and for the exclusion and detection of false apostles. The first, Simon, who is called Peter ; his pure Hebrew name was w[m , Simeon, as he is called, ( Acts 15:14) but in the then Jerusalem dialect, and in Rabbinical language, this name is frequently read and pronounced wmys , Simon, as here: we often read of R. Simon, and of R. Juda bar Simon, in both Talmuds f597 . This apostle is also called Peter, to distinguish him from Simon the Canaanite, and which signifies a stone, or rock, in allusion to the object of his faith, and the steadiness of it. He is said to be the first; not that he was the head of the rest of the apostles, or had any primacy, dominion, and authority over them; but because he was first called, and was the first that was to open the door of faith to the Gentiles: but chiefly he is said to be so for orders sake; for, some one in the account must be named first, and he as proper as any: and Andrew his brother ; who was called at the same time with him, and therefore are put together. This name is also to be met with in the Talmudic writings; see Gill Matthew 4:18 . James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother ; these two were called next and together, and therefore are placed in this order: the former is so called, to distinguish him from another James, the son of Alphaeus, after mentioned; and the latter is the beloved disciple; these were surnamed Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-4 - The word "apostle" signifies messenger; they were Christ's messengers sent forth to proclaim his kingdom. Christ gave them power to heal all manner of sickness. In the grace of the gospel there is a slave for every sore, a remedy for every malady. There is no spiritual disease but there is power in Christ for the cure of it. There names ar recorded, and it is their honour; yet they had more reason to rejoic that their names were written in heaven, while the high and might names of the great ones of the earth are buried in the dust.
Greek Textus Receptus
των 3588 T-GPM δε 1161 CONJ δωδεκα 1427 A-NUI αποστολων 652 N-GPM τα 3588 T-NPN ονοματα 3686 N-NPN εστιν 2076 5748 V-PXI-3S ταυτα 5023 D-NPN πρωτος 4413 A-NSM σιμων 4613 N-NSM ο 3588 T-NSM λεγομενος 3004 5746 V-PPP-NSM πετρος 4074 N-NSM και 2532 CONJ ανδρεας 406 N-NSM ο 3588 T-NSM αδελφος 80 N-NSM αυτου 846 P-GSM ιακωβος 2385 N-NSM ο 3588 T-NSM του 3588 T-GSM ζεβεδαιου 2199 N-GSM και 2532 CONJ ιωαννης 2491 N-NSM ο 3588 T-NSM αδελφος 80 N-NSM αυτου 846 P-GSM
Vincent's NT Word Studies
2. Apostles (apostolwn). Compare disciples, ver. 1. Apostles is the official term, used here for the first time. They were merely learners (disciples, maqhtai), until Christ gave them authority. From ajpostellw, to send away. An apostle is one sent forth. Compare John xiii. 16 and Rev., one that is sent. Cremer ("Biblico-Theological Lexicon") suggests that it was the rare occurrence of the word in profane Greek that made it all the more appropriate as the distinctive appellation of the twelve. Compare Luke vi. 13; Acts i. 2. Also, John xvii. 18, I have sent. The word is once used of Christ (Heb. iii. 1), and in a very general sense to denote any one sent (2 Cor. viii. 23; Philip. ii. 25).
Robertson's NT Word Studies
10:2 {The names of the twelve apostles} (twn dwdeka apostolwn ta onomata). this is the official name (missionaries) used here by Matthew for the first time. The names are given here, but Matthew does not say that they were chosen at this time. Mark (#Mr 3:13-19) and Luke (#Lu 6:12-16) state that Jesus "chose" them, "appointed" them after a night of prayer in the mountain and came down with them and qen delivered the Sermon (#Lu 6:17). Simon heads the list (prwtos) in all four lists including #Ac 1:13f. He came to be first and foremost at the great Pentecost (#Ac 2 and #Ac 3). The apostles disputed a number of times as to which was greatest. Judas Iscariot comes last each time save that he is absent in Acts, being already dead. Matthew calls him the betrayer (ho paradidous). Iscariot is usually explained as "man of Kerioth" down near Edom (#Jos 15:25). Philip comes fifth and James the son of Alphaeus the ninth. Bartholomew is the name for Nathanael. Thaddaeus is Judas the brother of James. Simon zelotes is also called Simon the Canaanean (Zealous, Hebrew word). this is apparently their first preaching and healing tour without Jesus. He sends them forth by twos (#Mr 6:7). Matthew names them in pairs, probably as they were sent out.
