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PARALLEL BIBLE - Romans 9:18


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King James Bible - Romans 9:18

Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

World English Bible

So then, he has mercy on whom he desires, and he hardens whom he desires.

Douay-Rheims - Romans 9:18

Therefore he hath mercy on whom he will; and whom he will, he hardeneth.

Webster's Bible Translation

Therefore he hath mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

Greek Textus Receptus


αρα 686 PRT ουν 3767 CONJ ον 3739 R-ASM θελει 2309 5719 V-PAI-3S ελεει 1653 5719 V-PAI-3S ον 3739 R-ASM δε 1161 CONJ θελει 2309 5719 V-PAI-3S σκληρυνει 4645 5719 V-PAI-3S

Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge

VERSE (18) - :15,16; 5:20,21 Eph 1:6

SEV Biblia, Chapter 9:18

De manera que del que quiere tiene misericordia; y al que quiere, endurece.

Clarke's Bible Commentary - Romans 9:18

Verse 18. Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will] This is the apostle's conclusion from the facts already laid down: that God, according to his own will and wisdom, in perfect righteousness, bestows mercy; that is to say, his blessings upon one part of mankind, (the Jews of old, and the Gentiles of the present time,) while he suffers another part (the Egyptians of old, and the Jews of the present day) to go on in the abuse of his goodness and forbearance, hardening themselves in sin, till he brings upon them a most just and exemplary punishment, unless this be prevented by their deep repentance and general return to God through Jesus the promised, the real Messiah.

John Gill's Bible Commentary

Ver. 18. Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will , etc..] These are the express words of the former testimony: it follows, and whom he will he hardeneth ; which is the just and natural consequence of what is contained in the latter; for if God could, or he did, without any injustice, raise up Pharaoh, and harden his heart against him and his people, that he might rise up against him and destroy him by his power for his own glory, then he may harden any other person, and even whom he will: now this hardening of men's hearts may be understood in perfect agreement with the justice and holiness of God: men first harden their own hearts by sinning, as Pharaoh did; what God does, is by leaving them to the hardness of their hearts, denying them that grace which only can soften them, and which he is not obliged to give, and therefore does them no injustice in withholding it from them; by sending them both mercies and judgments, which through the corruption of their hearts, are the means of the greater hardening of them; so judgments in the case of Pharaoh, and mercies in the case of others; (see Isaiah 6:10 Romans 11:8-10); by delivering them up into the hands of Satan, and to their own lusts, which they themselves approve of; and by giving them up to a judicial blindness and hardness of heart, as a just punishment for their impieties.

Matthew Henry Commentary

Verses 14-24 - Whatever God does, must be just. Wherein the holy, happy people of God differ from others, God's grace alone makes them differ. In thi preventing, effectual, distinguishing grace, he acts as a benefactor whose grace is his own. None have deserved it; so that those who ar saved, must thank God only; and those who perish, must blame themselve only, Hos 13:9. God is bound no further than he has been pleased to bind himself by his own covenant and promise, which is his reveale will. And this is, that he will receive, and not cast out, those tha come to Christ; but the drawing of souls in order to that coming, is a anticipating, distinguishing favour to whom he will. Why does he ye find fault? This is not an objection to be made by the creature agains his Creator, by man against God. The truth, as it is in Jesus, abase man as nothing, as less than nothing, and advances God as sovereig Lord of all. Who art thou that art so foolish, so feeble, so unable to judge the Divine counsels? It becomes us to submit to him, not to repl against him. Would not men allow the infinite God the same sovereig right to manage the affairs of the creation, as the potter exercises i disposing of his clay, when of the same lump he makes one vessel to more honourable, and one to a meaner use? God could do no wrong however it might appear to men. God will make it appear that he hate sin. Also, he formed vessels filled with mercy. Sanctification is the preparation of the soul for glory. This is God's work. Sinners fi themselves for hell, but it is God who prepares saints for heaven; an all whom God designs for heaven hereafter, he fits for heaven now Would we know who these vessels of mercy are? Those whom God ha called; and these not of the Jews only, but of the Gentiles. Surel there can be no unrighteousness in any of these Divine dispensations Nor in God's exercising long-suffering, patience, and forbearanc towards sinners under increasing guilt, before he brings utte destruction upon them. The fault is in the hardened sinner himself. A to all who love and fear God, however such truths appear beyond their reason to fathom, yet they should keep silence before him. It is the Lord alone who made us to differ; we should adore his pardoning merc and new-creating grace, and give diligence to make our calling an election sure.

Greek Textus Receptus


αρα 686 PRT ουν 3767 CONJ ον 3739 R-ASM θελει 2309 5719 V-PAI-3S ελεει 1653 5719 V-PAI-3S ον 3739 R-ASM δε 1161 CONJ θελει 2309 5719 V-PAI-3S σκληρυνει 4645 5719 V-PAI-3S

Vincent's NT Word Studies

18. He will (qelei). In a decretory sense. See on Matt. i. 19.

Hardeneth (sklhrunei). Only here by Paul. See on hard, Matthew xxv. 24; Jude 14; Jas. iii. 4. Three words are used in the Hebrew to describe the hardening of Pharaoh's heart. The one which occurs most frequently, properly means to be strong, and therefore represents the hardness as foolhardiness, infatuated insensibility to danger. See Exodus 14. The word is used in its positive sense, hardens, not merely permits to become hard. In Exodus the hardening is represented as self-produced (viii. 15, 32; ix. 34), and as produced by God (iv. 21; vii. 3; ix. 12; x. 20, 27; xi. 10). Paul here chooses the latter representation.

Robertson's NT Word Studies

9:18 {He hardeneth} (sklerunei). Pharaoh hardened his own heart also (#Ex 8:15,32; 9:34), but God gives men up also (#1:24,26,28). this late word is used by the Greek physicians Galen and Hippocrates. See on Ac 19:9. Only here in Paul.

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