SEV Biblia, Chapter 23:14
Tres veces en el año me celebraréis fiesta.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Exodus 23:14
Verse 14. Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year.] The three feasts here referred to were, 1. The feast of the PASSOVER; 2. The feast of PENTECOST; 3. The feast of TABERNACLES. 1. The feast of the Passover was celebrated to keep in remembrance the wonderful deliverance of the Hebrews from Egypt. 2. The feast of Pentecost, called also the feast of harvest and the feast of weeks, chap. xxxiv. 22, was celebrated fifty days after the Passover to commemorate the giving of the law on Mount Sinai, which took place fifty days after, and hence called by the Greeks Pentecost. 3. The feast of Tabernacles, called also the feast of the ingathering, was celebrated about the 15th of the month Tisri to commemorate the Israelites' dwelling in tents for forty years, during their stay in the wilderness. See on Lev. xxiii.
"God, out of his great wisdom," says Calmet, "appointed several festivals among the Jews for many reasons: 1. To perpetuate the memory of those great events, and the wonders he had wrought for the people; for example, the Sabbath brought to remembrance the creation of the world; the Passover, the departure out of Egypt; the Pentecost, the giving of the law; the feast of Tabernacles, the sojourning of their fathers in the wilderness, &c. 2. To keep them faithful to their religion by appropriate ceremonies, and the splendour of Divine service. 3. To procure them lawful pleasures, and necessary rest. 4. To give them instruction; for in their religious assemblies the law of God was always read and explained. 5. To consolidate their social union, by renewing the acquaintance of their tribes and families; for on these occasions they come together from different parts of the land to the holy city." Besides the feasts mentioned above, the Jews had, 1. The feast of the Sabbath, which was a weekly feast. 2. The feast of the Sabbatical Year, which was a septennial feast. 3. The feast of Trumpets, which was celebrated on the first day of what was called their civil year, which was ushered in by the blowing of a trumpet; Lev. xxiii. 24, &c. 4. The feast of the New Moon, which was celebrated on the first day the moon appeared after her change. 5. The feast of Expiation, which was celebrated annually on the tenth day of Tisri or September, on which a general atonement was made for all the sins, negligences, and ignorances, throughout the year. 6. The feast of Lots or Purim, to commemorate the preservation of the Jews from the general massacre projected by Haman. See the book of Esther. 7. The feast of the Dedication, or rather the Restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes. This was also called the feast of Lights. Besides these, the Jews have had several other feasts, such as the feast of Branches, to commemorate the taking of Jericho.
The feast of Collections, on the 10th of September, on which they make contributions for the service of the temple and synagogue.
The feast for the death of Nicanor. 1Mac vii. 48, &c.
The feast for the discovery of the sacred fire, 2Mac i. 18, &c.
The feast of the carrying of wood to the temple, called Xylophoria, mentioned by Josephus. - WAR, b. ii. c. 17.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 10-19 - Every seventh year the land was to rest. They must not plough or so it; what the earth produced of itself, should be eaten, and not lai up. This law seems to have been intended to teach dependence of Providence, and God's faithfulness in sending the larger increase whil they kept his appointments. It was also typical of the heavenly rest when all earthly labours, cares, and interests shall cease for ever All respect to the gods of the heathen is strictly forbidden. Sinc idolatry was a sin to which the Israelites leaned, they must blot ou the remembrance of the gods of the heathen. Solemn religious attendanc on God, in the place which he should choose, is strictly required. The must come together before the Lord. What a good Master do we serve, wh has made it our duty to rejoice before him! Let us devote with pleasur to the service of God that portion of our time which he requires, an count his sabbaths and ordinances to be a feast unto our souls. The were not to come empty-handed; so now, we must not come to worship God empty-hearted; our souls must be filled with holy desires toward him and dedications of ourselves to him; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased.
Original Hebrew
שׁלשׁ 7969 רגלים 7272 תחג 2287 לי בשׁנה׃ 8141
