SEV Biblia, Chapter 13:18
¶ No hablo de todos vosotros; yo s los que he elegido; mas para que se cumpla la Escritura: El que come pan conmigo, levant contra mí su calcaar.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - John 13:18
Verse 18. I speak not of you all] This is a continuation of that discourse which was left off at the tenth verse. The preceding verses may be read in a parenthesis. I know whom I have chosen] I am not deceived in my choice; I perfectly foresaw every thing that has happened, or can happen. I have chosen Judas, not as a wicked man, nor that he should become such; but I plainly foresaw that he would abuse my bounty, give way to iniquity, deliver me into the hands of my enemies, and bring ruin upon himself.
That the scripture may be fulfilled] Or, thus the scripture is fulfilled.
Christ applies to Judas what David had said of his rebellious son Absalom, Psa. xli. 9, who was one of the most express emblems of this traitor. See on chap. xii. 38, 39.
He that eateth bread with me] That is, he who was in habits of the utmost intimacy with me.
Hath lifted up his heel] An allusion to a restive, ill- natured horse, that sometimes kicks even the person who feeds and takes care of him.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 18. I speak not of you all .] What he had before said on the one hand, ye are not all clean, ( John 13:11), for one of them was not; and on the other hand, when he put an if upon, or seemed to doubt of their knowing and doing these things, ( John 13:17); or what he was about to say concerning his being betrayed, this he did not speak of them all: I know whom I have chosen ; not to apostleship, for they were all chosen to that, Judas as well as the rest, but to grace and glory, to everlasting salvation and happiness; of these he was well assured, that they were all clean, pure, and spotless, in the sight of God; were truly regenerated by the Spirit of God, and had an experimental and practical knowledge of the things he recommended by his example, and would be the happy persons he spake of; but he observes, so it is, and will come to pass, that there is one of you which will betray me: that the Scripture may be fulfilled : ( Psalm 41:9), as it literally was in Judass betraying Christ. The passage is by many interpreted either of Ahithophel, or of some other counsellor of Absaloms, or of Absalom himself; and is applied to their conduct, with respect to David, at the time of their rebellion against him; and which is thought to be typical of the treatment Christ met with from an apostle of his: but we do not find that, at the time of that rebellion, David was sick, or had any disease upon him, from whence they might hope for his death; it does not seem, as though it could be literally understood of David at all, and of the behaviour of any of his servants; but most properly of Davids son, the Messiah, Jesus, with whom everything in the psalm agrees; and particularly this verse, which so plainly describes Judas, and expresses his base ingratitude, hypocrisy, and malice: the former part of the text is not cited, yea, mine own familiar friend, or the man of my peace, in whom I trusted; though it fully agrees with him, he being admitted to great familiarity with Christ, and lived peaceably with him; and who was intrusted by him with the bag, into which the money was put, which was ministered, either for the sustenance of him and his apostles, or for the use of the poor: but our Lord thought fit to cite no more of it than what follows, that being sufficiently descriptive of him; and especially at this present time, when he was at table with his Lord. He that eateth bread with me, hath lift up his heel against me ; he sat down with him at table frequently, and ate bread with him; and was doing so, when Satan put it into his heart to betray him; which is strongly expressed, by lifting up his heel against him; and sets forth the ingratitude, wickedness, and cruelty of him; who, like an unruly horse, that has thrown his rider, spurns at him, to destroy him; and also the insidious manner in which he did it; he supplanted, he tripped him, as wrestlers do, in order to cast him down to the ground, and then trample upon him, and triumph over him: he first bram , laid snares for him, as Jarchi explains the phrase used in the psalm, and then lydgh , he magnified his heel, he behaved proudly and haughtily to him.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 18-30 - Our Lord had often spoken of his own sufferings and death, without suc trouble of spirit as he now discovered when he spake of Judas. The sin of Christians are the grief of Christ. We are not to confine ou attention to Judas. The prophecy of his treachery may apply to all wh partake of God's mercies, and meet them with ingratitude. See the infidel, who only looks at the Scriptures with a desire to do awa their authority and destroy their influence; the hypocrite, wh professes to believe the Scriptures, but will not govern himself by them; and the apostate, who turns aside from Christ for a thing of naught. Thus mankind, supported by God's providence, after eating brea with Him, lift up the heel against Him! Judas went out as one weary of Jesus and his apostles. Those whose deeds are evil, love darknes rather than light.
Greek Textus Receptus
ου 3756 PRT-N περι 4012 PREP παντων 3956 A-GPM υμων 5216 P-2GP λεγω 3004 5719 V-PAI-1S εγω 1473 P-1NS οιδα 1492 5758 V-RAI-1S ους 3739 R-APM εξελεξαμην 1586 5668 V-AMI-1S αλλ 235 CONJ ινα 2443 CONJ η 3588 T-NSF γραφη 1124 N-NSF πληρωθη 4137 5686 V-APS-3S ο 3588 T-NSM τρωγων 5176 5723 V-PAP-NSM μετ 3326 PREP εμου 1700 P-1GS τον 3588 T-ASM αρτον 740 N-ASM επηρεν 1869 5656 V-AAI-3S επ 1909 PREP εμε 1691 P-1AS την 3588 T-ASF πτερναν 4418 N-ASF αυτου 846 P-GSM
Vincent's NT Word Studies
18. I have chosen (exelexamhn). Aorist tense, I chose. Not elected to salvation, but chose as an apostle.That the scripture, etc. (ina). Elliptical. We must supply this choice was made in order that, etc.
Eateth (trwgwn). With the exception of Matt. xxiv. 38, the word occurs only in John. See on vi. 54. Originally it means to gnaw or crunch; to chew raw vegetables or fruits, and hence often used of animals feeding, as Homer ("Odyssey," vi. 90), of mules feeding. Of course it has lost its original sense in the New Testament, as it did to some extent in classical Greek, though, as applied to men, it more commonly referred to eating vegetables or fruit, as Aristophanes ("Peace," 1325) trwgein, to eat figs. The entire divorce in the New Testament from its primitive sense is shown in its application to the flesh of Christ (vi. 54). It is used by John only in connection with Christ.
Bread with me (met emou ton arton). Some editors read, mou ton arton, my bread.
Heel (pternan). Only here in the New Testament. The metaphor is of one administering a kick. Thus Plutarch, describing the robber Sciron, who was accustomed "out of insolence and wantonness to stretch forth his feet to strangers, commanding them to wash them, and then, when they did it, with a kick to send them down the rock into the sea" ("Theseus"). Some have explained the metaphor by the tripping up of one's feet in wrestling; but, as Meyer justly says, "Jesus was not overreached." The quotation is from the Hebrew, not the Septuagint of Ps. xli. 9 (Sept. 40.). The Septuagint reads, "For the man of my peace in whom I hoped, who eateth my bread, magnified his cunning (pternismon, literally, tripping up) against me."
