SEV Biblia, Chapter 1:29
atestados de toda iniquidad, de fornicacin, de malicia, de avaricia, de maldad, llenos de envidia, de homicidios, de contiendas, de engaos, de malignidades,
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Romans 1:29
Verse 29. Being filled with all unrighteousness] adikia, every vice contrary to justice and righteousness. Fornication] porneia, all commerce between the sexes out of the bounds of lawful marriage. Some of the best MSS. omit this reading; and others have akaqarsia, uncleanness.
Wickedness] ponhria, malignity, that which is oppressive to its possessor and to its object; from ponov, labour, toil, &c.
Covetousness] pleonexia, from pleion, more, and exw, I will have; the intense love or lust of gain; the determination to be rich; the principle of a dissatisfied and discontented soul.
Maliciousness] kakia, malice, ill-will; what is radically and essentially vicious.
Full of envy] fqonou, from fqinw, to wither, decay, consume, pine away, &c.; "pain felt and malignity conceived at the sight of excellence or happiness in another." A fine personification of this vice is found in OVID METAM. lib. ii. ver. 768-781, which I shall here insert, with Mr. Addison's elegant and nervous translation.- Videt intus edentem Vipereas carnes, vitiorum alimenta suorum Invidiam: visaque oculos avertit. At illa Surgit humo pigra: semesarumque relinquit Corpora serpentum, passuque incedit inerti.
Utgue deam vidit formaque armisque decoram, Ingemuit: vultumque ima ad suspiria duxit.
Pallor in ORE sedet: macies in CORPORE toto: Nusquam recta acies: livent rubigine dentes: Pectora felle virent: lingua est suffusa veneno.
Risus abest, nisi quem visi movere dolores: Nec fruitur somno, vigilacibus excita curis: Sed videt ingratos, intabescitque videndo Successus hominum; carpitgue et carpitur una; Suppliciumque suum est.- A poisonous morsel in her teeth she chewed, And gorged the flesh of vipers for her food.
Minerva loathing, turned away her eye.
The hideous monster, rising heavily, Came stalking forward with a sullen pace, And left her mangled offals on the place.
Soon as she saw the goddess gay and bright, She fetched a groan at such a cheerful sight.
Livid and meagre were her looks, her eye In foul distorted glances turned awry; A hoard of gall her inward parts possessed, And spread a greenness o'er her canker'd breast; Her teeth were brown with rust, and from her tongue In dangling drops the stringy poison hung.
She never smiles but when the wretched weep; Nor lulls her malice with a moment's sleep: Restless in spite while watchful to destroy, She pines and sickens at another's joy; Foe to herself, distressing and distressed, She bears her own tormentor in her breast.
Murder] fonou, taking away the life of another by any means; mortal hatred; for he that hates his brother in his heart is a murderer.
Debate] eridov, contention, discord, &c. Of this vile passion the Greeks made a goddess.
Deceit] dolou, lying, falsity, prevarication, imposition, &c.; from delw, to take with a bait.
Malignity] kakohqeiav, from kakov, evil, and hqov, a custom; bad customs, founded in corrupt sentiment, producing evil habits, supported by general usage. It is generally interpreted, a malignity of mind, which leads its possessor to put the worst construction on every action; ascribing to the best deeds the worst motives.
Whisperers] yiquristov, secret detractors; those who, under pretended secrecy, carry about accusations against their neighbours, whether true or false; blasting their reputation by clandestine tittle-tattle. This word should be joined to the succeeding verse.
The whispering is well expressed by the Greek word yiquristav, psithuristas.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 29. Being filled with all unrighteousness , etc..] From hence, to the end of the chapter, follows a large and black list and catalogue of the sad characters of the Gentiles, and of the best men they had among them; for the apostle is all along speaking, not of the common people, but of their wise professors, and moral instructors; than which there never was a more wicked set of men that ever lived upon the face of the earth; who under the guise of morality were guilty of the greatest pride and covetousness, and of the most filthy debaucheries imaginable: they were filled with all unrighteousness. This word includes in it all manner of sin and wickedness in general; fitly expresses the condition of fallen men, destitute of a righteousness; designs every violation of the law respecting our neighbour; and is opposed to that vain conceit of righteousness which these men had: particular branches of it follow; as, fornication ; which sometimes includes adultery and an unchastity; simple fornication was not reckoned a sin among the Gentiles: wickedness ; or mischief, which intends not so much the internal wickedness of the heart, as that particular vice, by which a man is inclined and studies to do hurt, to others, as Satan does: covetousness ; this may intend every insatiable lust, and particularly the sin which goes by this name, and is the root of all evil, and was a reigning sin among the Gentiles. Seneca, the famous moralist, was notoriously guilty of this vice, being one of the greatest usurers that ever lived: maliciousness ; the word denotes either the iniquity of nature in which men are conceived and born; or that desire of revenge in men, for which some are very notorious: envy ; at the superior knowledge and learning, wealth and riches, happiness, and outward prosperity of others: murder : which sometimes arose from envy, wherefore they are put together. There is an elegant paranomasia in the Greek text: debate ; strife about words more than things, and more for vain glory, and a desire of victory, than for truth: deceit ; through their empty notions of philosophy; hence philosophy and vain deceit go together, ( Colossians 2:8); making large pretences to morality, when they were the vilest of creatures: malignity ; moroseness; having no courteousness nor affability in them, guilty of very ill manners; as particularly they were who were of the sect of the Cynics. Now they are said to be filled with, and full of, these things; not filled by God, but by Satan and themselves; and it denotes the aboundings of wickedness in them, and which was insatiable. The apostle goes on to describe them, as whisperers ; who made mischief among friends, by privately suggesting, and secretly insinuating things into the mind of one to the prejudice of another.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 26-32 - In the horrid depravity of the heathen, the truth of our Lord's word was shown: "Light was come into the world, but men loved darknes rather than light, because their deeds were evil; for he that doet evil hateth the light." The truth was not to their taste. And we all know how soon a man will contrive, against the strongest evidence, to reason himself out of the belief of what he dislikes. But a man cannot be brought to greater slavery than to be given up to his own lusts. A the Gentiles did not like to keep God in their knowledge, the committed crimes wholly against reason and their own welfare. The nature of man, whether pagan or Christian, is still the same; and the charges of the apostle apply more or less to the state and character of men at all times, till they are brought to full submission to the fait of Christ, and renewed by Divine power. There never yet was a man, wh had not reason to lament his strong corruptions, and his secret dislik to the will of God. Therefore this chapter is a call to self-examination, the end of which should be, a deep conviction of sin and of the necessity of deliverance from a state of condemnation __________________________________________________________________
Greek Textus Receptus
πεπληρωμενους 4137 5772 V-RPP-APM παση 3956 A-DSF αδικια 93 N-DSF πορνεια 4202 N-DSF πονηρια 4189 N-DSF πλεονεξια 4124 N-DSF κακια 2549 N-DSF μεστους 3324 A-APM φθονου 5355 N-GSM φονου 5408 N-GSM εριδος 2054 N-GSF δολου 1388 N-GSM κακοηθειας 2550 N-GSF ψιθυριστας 5588 N-APM
Robertson's NT Word Studies
1:29 {Being called with} (peplerwmenous). Perfect passive participle of the common verb plerow, state of completion, "filled to the brim with" four vices in the associative instrumental case (adikiai, unrighteousness as in verse #18, ponriai, active wickedness as in #Mr 7:22, pleonexiai, covetousness as in #1Th 2:5; Lu 12:15, kakiai, maliciousness or inward viciousness of disposition as in #1Co 5:8). Note asyndeton, no connective in the lists in verses #29-31. Dramatic effect. The order of these words varies in the MSS. and porneiai, fornication, is not genuine here (absent in Aleph A B C). {Full of} (mestous). Paul changes from participle to adjective. Old adjective, rare in the N.T., like mestow, to fill full (only in #Ac 2:13 in N.T.), stuffed full of (with genitive). Five substantives in the genitive (phthonou, envy, as in #Ga 5:21, fonou, murder, and so a paronomasia or combination with phthonou, of like sounding words, eridos, strife, as in #2Co 12:16, kakothias, malice, and here only in N.T. though old word from kakoths and that from kakos and eqos, a tendency to put a bad construction on things, depravity of heart and malicious disposition.
