SEV Biblia, Chapter 1:4
el cual fue declarado Hijo de Dios con potencia, segn el Espíritu de santificacin, por la resurreccin de los muertos), de Jess, el Cristo, Seor nuestro,
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Romans 1:4
Verse 4. And declared to be the Son of God] See the note on Acts xiii. 33, where this subject is considered at large. The word orisqentov, which we render declared, comes from orizw, to bound, define, determine, or limit, and hence our word horizon, the line that determines the farthest visible part of the earth, in reference to the heavens. In this place the word signifies such a manifest and complete exhibition of the subject as to render it indubitable. The resurrection of Christ from the dead was such a manifest proof of our Lord's innocence, the truth of his doctrine, and the fulfillment of all that the prophets had spoken, as to leave no doubt on any considerate and candid mind. With power] en dunamei, With a miraculous display of Divine energy; for, how could his body be raised again, but by the miraculous energy of God? Some apply the word here to the proof of Christ's sonship; as if it were said that he was most manifestly declared to be the Son of God, with such powerful evidence and argument as to render the truth irresistible.
According to the spirit of holiness] There are many differences of sentiment relative to the meaning of this phrase in this place; some supposing that the spirit of holiness implies the Divine nature of Jesus Christ; others, his immaculate sanctity, &c. To me it seems that the apostle simply means that the person called Jesus, lately crucified at Jerusalem, and in whose name salvation was preached to the world, was the Son of God, the very Messiah promised before in the holy Scriptures; and that he was this Messiah was amply demonstrated. 1st, By his resurrection from the dead, the irrefragable proof of his purity, innocence, and the Divine approbation; for, had he been a malefactor, as the Jews pretended, the miraculous power of God would not have been exerted in raising his body from the dead. 1, He vas proved to be the Son of God, the promised Messiah, by the Holy Spirit, (called here the spirit of holiness,) which he sent down upon his apostles, and not on them only, but on all that believed on his name; by whose influence multitudes were convinced of sin, righteousness, and judgment, and multitudes sanctified unto God; and it was by the peculiar unction of this spirit of holiness, that the apostles gave witness of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, Acts iv. 33.
Thus, then, Christ was proved to be the true Messiah, the son of David according to the flesh, having the sole right to the throne of Israel; and God recognized this character, and this right, by his resurrection from the dead, and sending forth the various gifts and graces of the Spirit of holiness in his name.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 4. And declared to be the Son of God , etc..] Not made as he is said to be before, when his incarnation is spoken of; nor did he begin to be the Son of God, when he was made of the seed of David, but he, the Son of God, who existed as such, from everlasting, was manifested in the flesh, or human nature: and this his divine sonship, and proper deity, are declared and made evident, with , or by [his] power ; which has appeared in the creation of all things out of nothing; in upholding all things in their beings; in the government of the world, and works of Providence; in the miracles he wrought; in his performing the great work of redemption; in the success of his Gospel, to the conversion of sinners; and in the preservation of his churches and people: here it seems chiefly to regard the power of Christ in raising the dead, since it follows, and which is to be connected with this clause, by the resurrection from the dead ; and designs either the resurrection of others, as of Lazarus, and some other persons, in his lifetime, and of some at his resurrection, and of all at the last day: or the resurrection of his own body, which dying he had power to raise up again, and did; and which declared him to be, or clearly made it appear that he was the Son of God, a divine person, truly and properly God: and this was done according to the Spirit of holiness ; which may be understood of the Holy Spirit, the third person in the Trinity, who is holy in himself, and the author of holiness in the saints; and who is the declarer of Christ's sonship, partly by bearing a testimony to it in the word, and in the hearts of believers, and chiefly by being concerned in the resurrection of the body of Christ from the dead; or else by the Spirit of holiness may be meant the divine nature of Christ, which, as it is holy, so by it Christ offered himself to God, and by it was quickened, or made alive, when he had been put to death in the flesh; and which must be a clear and strong proof of his being truly the Son of God.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-7 - The doctrine of which the apostle Paul wrote, set forth the fulfilmen of the promises by the prophets. It spoke of the Son of God, even Jesu the Saviour, the promised Messiah, who came from David as to his huma nature, but was also declared to be the Son of God, by the Divine powe which raised him from the dead. The Christian profession does no consist in a notional knowledge or a bare assent, much less in pervers disputings, but in obedience. And all those, and those only, ar brought to obedience of the faith, who are effectually called of Jesu Christ. Here is, 1. The privilege of Christians; they are beloved of God, and are members of that body which is beloved. 2. The duty of Christians; to be holy, hereunto are they called, called to be saints These the apostle saluted, by wishing them grace to sanctify their souls, and peace to comfort their hearts, as springing from the fre mercy of God, the reconciled Father of all believers, and coming to them through the Lord Jesus Christ.
Greek Textus Receptus
του 3588 T-GSM ορισθεντος 3724 5685 V-APP-GSM υιου 5207 N-GSM θεου 2316 N-GSM εν 1722 PREP δυναμει 1411 N-DSF κατα 2596 PREP πνευμα 4151 N-ASN αγιωσυνης 42 N-GSF εξ 1537 PREP αναστασεως 386 N-GSF νεκρων 3498 A-GPM ιησου 2424 N-GSM χριστου 5547 N-GSM του 3588 T-GSM κυριου 2962 N-GSM ημων 2257 P-1GP
Vincent's NT Word Studies
4. Declared (orisqentov). Rev., in margin, determined. The same verb as in the compound separated in ver. 1 Bengel says that it expresses more than "separated," since one of a number is separated, but only one is defined or declared. Compare Acts x. 42; xvii. 31 It means to designate one for something, to nominate, to instate. There is an antithesis between born (ver. 3) and declared. As respected Christ's earthly descent, He was born like other men. As respected His divine essence, He was declared. The idea is that of Christ's instatement or establishment in the rank and dignity of His divine sonship with a view to the conviction of men. This was required by His previous humiliation, and was accomplished by His resurrection, which not only manifested or demonstrated what He was, but wrought a real transformation in His mode of being. Compare Acts ii. 36; "God made," etc.With power (en dunamei). Lit., in power. Construe with was declared. He was declared or instated mightily; in a striking, triumphant manner, through His resurrection.
Spirit of holiness. In contrast with according to the flesh. The reference is not to the Holy Spirit, who is nowhere designated by this phrase, but to the spirit of Christ as the seat of the divine nature belonging to His person. As God is spirit, the divine nature of Christ is spirit, and its characteristic quality is holiness.
Resurrection from the dead (anastasewv nekrwn). Wrong, since this would require the preposition ejk from. Rev., correctly, of the dead Though this resurrection is here represented as actually realized in one individual only, the phrase, as everywhere in the New Testament, signifies the resurrection of the dead absolutely and generically - of all the dead, as exemplified, included, and involved in the resurrection of Christ. See on Philip. iii. 11
Robertson's NT Word Studies
1:4 {Who was declared} (tou horisqentos). Articular participle (first aorist passive) of horizw for which verb see on Lu 22:22; Ac 2:23. He was the Son of God in his preincarnate state (#2Co 8:9; Php 2:6) and still so after his Incarnation (verse #3, "of the seed of David"), but it was the Resurrection of the dead (ex anastase"s nekr"n, the general resurrection implied by that of Christ) that definitely marked Jesus off as God's Son because of his claims about himself as God's Son and his prophecy that he would rise on the third day. this event (cf. #1Co 15) gave God's seal "with power" (en dunamei), "in power," declared so in power (#2Co 13:4). The Resurrection of Christ is the miracle of miracles. "The resurrection only declared him to be what he truly was" (Denney). {According to the spirit of holiness} (kata pneuma hagi"suns). Not the Holy Spirit, but a description of Christ ethically as kata sarka describes him physically (Denney). Hagi"sun is rare (#1Th 3:13; 2Co 7:1 in N.T.), three times in LXX, each time as the attribute of God. "The pneuma hagi"suns, though not the Divine nature, is that in which the Divinity or Divine Personality Resided " (Sanday and Headlam). {Jesus Christ our Lord} (iesou cristou tou kuriou hemwn). These words gather up the total personality of Jesus (his deity and his humanity).
