Vincent's NT Word Studies
40. Other (eteroiv). And various.Did he testify (diemartureto). The preposition dia gives the force of solemnly, earnestly.
Save yourselves (swqhte). More strictly, be ye saved.
Untoward (skoliav). Lit., crooked. Toward in earlier English meant docile, apt. The opposite is froward (fromward). So Shakespeare:
"'Tis a good hearing when children are toward, But a harsh hearing when women are froward." Taming of the Shrew, v., 2.
"Spoken like a toward prince."
3 Henry VI., ii., 2.
Untoward, therefore, meant intractable, perverse. So Shakespeare:
"What means this scorn, thou most untoward knave?" K. John, i., 1.
"And if she be froward, Then hast thou taught Horensio to be untoward." Taming of the Shrew, iv., 5.
Compare Deut. xxxii. 5.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
2:40 {With many other words} (heterois logois pleiosin). Instrumental case. Not necessarily "different" (heterois), but "further," showing that Luke does not pretend to give all that Peter said. this idea is also brought out clearly by pleiosin ("more," not "many"), more than these given by Luke. {He testified} (diemarturato). First aorist middle of diamarturomai, old verb, to make solemn attestation or call to witness (perfective use of dia), while marturew is to bear witness. Page insists that here it should be translated "protested solemnly" to the Jews as it seems to mean in #Lu 16:28; Ac 20:23; 1Ti 5:21; 2Ti 2:14; 4:1. {And exhorted} (kai parekalei). Imperfect active, kept on exhorting. {Save yourselves} (swqete). First aorist passive of swzw. Literally, Be ye saved. {Crooked} (skolias). Old word, opposite of orqos, straight. _Pravus_ the opposite of _rectus_, a perversity for turning off from the truth. Cf. #Lu 9:41; Php 2:15.
