SEV Biblia, Chapter 2:23
ste, entregado por determinado consejo y providencia de Dios, tomndolo vosotros lo matasteis con manos inicuas, colgndole en un madero;
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Acts 2:23
Verse 23. Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel] Bp. Pearce paraphrases the words thus: Him having been given forth; i.e. sent into the world, and manifested by being made flesh, and dwelling among you, as it is said in John i. 14; see also chap. iv. 28. Kypke contends that ekdoton, delivered, does not refer to GOD, but to Judas the traitor "the Jews received Jesus, delivered up to them by Judas; the immutable counsel of God so permitting." By the determinate counsel, wrismenh boulh; that counsel of God which defined the time, place, and circumstance, according (prognwsei) to his foreknowledge, which always saw what was the most proper time and place for the manifestation and crucifixion of his Son; so that there was nothing casual in these things, God having determined that the salvation of a lost world should be brought about in this way; and neither the Jews nor Romans had any power here, but what was given to them from above. It was necessary to show the Jews that it was not through Christ's weakness or inability to defend himself that he was taken; nor was it through their malice merely that he was slain; for God had determined long before, from the foundation of the world, Rev. xiii. 8, to give his Son a sacrifice for sin; and the treachery of Judas, and the malice of the Jews were only the incidental means by which the great counsel of God was fulfilled: the counsel of God intending the sacrifice, but never ordering that it should be brought about by such wretched means. This was permitted; the other was decreed. See the observations at the end of this chapter. By wicked hands have crucified and slain] I think this refers to the Romans, and not to the Jews; the former being the agents, to execute the evil purposes of the latter. It is well known that the Jews acknowledged that they had no power to put our Lord to death, John xviii. 31, and it is as well known that the punishment of the cross was not a Jewish, but a Roman, punishment: hence we may infer that by dia ceirwn anomwn, by the hands of the wicked, the Romans are meant, being called anomoi, without law, because they had no revelation from God; whereas the others had what was emphatically termed o nomov tou qeou, the law of God, by which they professed to regulate their worship and their conduct. It was the Jews, therefore, who caused our Lord to be crucified by the hands of the heathen Romans.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 23. Him being delivered , etc.] By himself, according to his own will, for he gave, or delivered himself for his people; and by his Father, who spared him not, but delivered him up for us all; and by Judas, one of his disciples, who, for a sum of money, delivered him into the hands of the Jews; and by them he was delivered up to Pilate, the Roman governor; and by him back again to the Jews, and to the soldiers, to crucify him: and all this by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God ; God not only foreknew that it would be, but determined that it should be, who does all things after the counsel of his own will; and this for the salvation of his people, and for the glorifying of his divine perfections: though this fixed resolution, settled purpose, and wise determination of God, did not in the least excuse the sin of Judas in betraying him, or of Pilate in condemning him, or of the Jews in crucifying him; nor did it at all infringe the liberty of their wills in acting, who did what they did, not by force, but voluntarily: ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain ; they took him in the garden, and bound him, and had him first before the high priest, then before Pilate, the Roman governor, and cried out with one voice, in a most vehement manner, for the crucifying of him, which, at their importunity, was granted, though no fault was found in him; and therefore are justly charged with slaying, or murdering him.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 22-36 - From this gift of the Holy Ghost, Peter preaches unto them Jesus: an here is the history of Christ. Here is an account of his death an sufferings, which they witnessed but a few weeks before. His death is considered as God's act; and of wonderful grace and wisdom. Thus Divin justice must be satisfied, God and man brought together again, an Christ himself glorified, according to an eternal counsel, which coul not be altered. And as the people's act; in them it was an act of awfu sin and folly. Christ's resurrection did away the reproach of his death; Peter speaks largely upon this. Christ was God's Holy One sanctified and set apart to his service in the work of redemption. Hi death and sufferings should be, not to him only, but to all his, the entrance to a blessed life for evermore. This event had taken place a foretold, and the apostles were witnesses. Nor did the resurrectio rest upon this alone; Christ had poured upon his disciples the miraculous gifts and Divine influences, of which they witnessed the effects. Through the Saviour, the ways of life are made known; and we are encouraged to expect God's presence, and his favour for evermore All this springs from assured belief that Jesus is the Lord, and the anointed Saviour.
Greek Textus Receptus
τουτον 5126 D-ASM τη 3588 T-DSF ωρισμενη 3724 5772 V-RPP-DSF βουλη 1012 N-DSF και 2532 CONJ προγνωσει 4268 N-DSF του 3588 T-GSM θεου 2316 N-GSM εκδοτον 1560 A-ASM λαβοντες 2983 5631 V-2AAP-NPM δια 1223 PREP χειρων 5495 N-GPF ανομων 459 A-GPM προσπηξαντες 4362 5660 V-AAP-NPM ανειλετε 337 5627 V-2AAI-2P
Vincent's NT Word Studies
23. Being delivered (ekdoton). An adjective: given forth, betrayed.Ye have taken. The best texts omit.
Wicked hands. The best texts read by the hand of lawless men.
Crucified (prosphzantev). Only here in New Testament. The verb simply means to affix to or on anything. The idea of the cross is left to be supplied.
Have slain (aneilete). See on Luke xxiii. 32. Rev., rendering the aorist more closely, did slay.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
2:23 {Him} (touton). " this one," resumptive and emphatic object of "did crucify and slay." {Being delivered up} (ekdoton). Verbal adjective from ekdidwmi, to give out or over. Old word, but here only in the N.T. Delivered up by Judas, Peter means. {By the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God} (tei hwrismenei boulei kai prognwsei tou qeou). Instrumental case. Note both purpose (boule) and foreknowledge (prognwsis) of God and "determined" (hwrismene, perfect passive participle, state of completion). God had willed the death of Jesus (#Joh 3:16) and the death of Judas (#Ac 1:16), but that fact did not absolve Judas from his responsibility and guilt (#Lu 22:22). He acted as a free moral agent. {By the hand} (dia ceiros). Luke is fond of these figures (hand, face, etc.) very much like the Hebrew though the vernacular of all languages uses them. {Lawless men} (anomwn). Men without law, who recognize no law for their conduct, like men in high and low stations today who defy the laws of God and man. Old word, very common in the LXX. {Ye did crucify} (prospexantes). First aorist active participle of prospegnumi, rare compound word in Dio Cassius and here only in the N.T. One must supply t"i staurwi and so it means "fastened to the cross," a graphic picture like Paul's "nailed to the cross" (proselwsas twi staurwi) in #Col 2:14. {Did slay} (aneilate). Second aorist active indicative with first aorist vowel a instead of o as is common in the _Koin_. this verb anairew, to take up, is often used for kill as in #Ac 12:2. Note Peter's boldness now under the power of the Holy Spirit. He charges the people to their faces with the death of Christ.
