Vincent's NT Word Studies
17. Behold (ide). But the correct reading is eij de but if.Thou art called (eponomazh). Rev., much better, bearest the name of, bringing out the value which attached to the name Jew, the theocratic title of honor. See on Hebrews, Acts vi. 1.
Restest in (epanapauh). Rev., better, upon, giving the force of ejpi in the verb. The radical conception of the verb ajnapauw is relief. See Matthew xi. 28. Thou restest with a blind trust in God as thy Father and protector exclusively.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
2:17 {Bearest the name} (eponomazˆi). Present passive indicative in condition of first class of eponomaz", old word, to put a name upon (epi), only here in N.T. "Thou art surnamed Jew" (Lightfoot). Jew as opposed to Greek denoted nationality while Hebrew accented the idea of language. {Restest upon the law} (epanapauei nomwi). Late and rare double compound, in LXX and once in the Didache. In N.T. only here and #Lu 10:6 which see. It means to lean upon, to refresh oneself back upon anything, here with locative case (nom"i). It is the picture of blind and mechanical reliance on the Mosaic law. {Gloriest in God} (kaucasai en qewi). _Koin‚_ vernacular form for kauchai (kauchaesai, kaucasai) of kaucaomai as in verse #23; 1Co 4:7 and katakauchasai in #Ro 11:18. The Jew gloried in God as a national asset and private prerogative (#2Co 10:15; Ga 6:13). {Approvest the things that are excellent} (dokimazeis ta diapheronta). Originally, "Thou testest the things that differ," and qen as a result comes the approval for the excellent things. As in #Php 1:10 it is difficult to tell which stage of the process Paul has in mind. {Instructed out of the law} (katˆchoumenos ek tou nomou). Present passive participle of katecew, a rare verb to instruct, though occurring in the papyri for legal instruction. See on ¯Lu 1:4; 1Co 14:19. The Jew's "ethical discernment was the fruit of catechetical and synagogical instruction in the Old Testament" (Shedd).