SEV Biblia, Chapter 6:1
¶ Y aconteci que pasando l por los sembrados en el sbado segundo del primero, sus discípulos arrancaban espigas, y comían, restregndolas con las manos.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Luke 6:1
Verse 1. On the second Sabbath after the first] en sabbatw deuteroprwtw, In the first Sabbath after the second. What does this mean? In answering this question, commentators are greatly divided. Dr. Whitby speaks thus: "After the first day of the passover, (which was a Sabbath, Exod. xii. 16,) ye shall count unto you seven Sabbaths complete, Lev. xxiii. 15, reckoning that day for the first of the first week, which was therefore called deuteroprwton, the first Sabbath from the second day of unleavened bread; (the 16th of the month;) the second was called deuterodeuteron, the second Sabbath from that day; and the third, deuterotriton, the third Sabbath from the second day; and so on, till they came to the seventh Sabbath from that day, i.e. to the 49th day, which was the day of pentecost. The mention of the seven Sabbaths, to be numbered with relation to this second day, answers all that Grotius objects against this exposition." WHITBY'S Notes. By this Sabbath seems meant that which immediately followed the two great feasts, the first and last day of the passover, and was therefore the second after the proper passover day. The words in the Greek seem to signify, the second first Sabbath; and, in the opinion of some, the Jews had three first Sabbaths: viz. the first Sabbath after the passover; that after the feast of pentecost; and that after the feast of tabernacles. According to which opinion, this second first Sabbath must have been the first Sabbath after the pentecost. So we have the first Sunday after Epiphany; the first after Easter; the first after Trinity; and the first in Lent. Bp. PEARCE.
This was the next day after the passover, the day in which they were forbidden to labour, Lev. xxiii. 6, and for this reason was termed Sabbath, Lev. xxiii. 15; but here it is marked by the name, second first Sabbath, because, being the day after the passover, it was in this respect the second; and it was also the first, because it was the first day of unleavened bread, Exodus xii. 15, 16. MARTIN.
I think, with many commentators, that this transaction happened on the first Sabbath of the month Nisan; that is, after the second day of the feast of unleavened bread. We may well suppose that our Lord and his disciples were on their way from Jerusalem to Galilee, after having kept the passover. Bp. NEWCOME.
The Vulgar Latin renders deuteroprwton, secundoprimum, which is literal and right. We translate it, the second Sabbath after the first, which is directly wrong; for it should have been the first Sabbath after the second day of the passover. On the 14th of Nisan, the passover was killed; the next day (the 15th) was the first day of the feast of unleavened bread; the day following (the 16th) the wave sheaf was offered, pursuant to the law, on the morrow after the Sabbath: Lev. xviii. 11. The Sabbath, here, is not the seventh day of the week, but the first day of the feast of unleavened bread, let it fall on what day of the week it would. That and the seventh day of that feast were holy convocations, and therefore are here called Sabbaths. The morrow, therefore, after the Sabbath, i.e. after the 16th day of Nisan, was the day in which the wave sheaf was offered; and after that seven Sabbaths were counted, and fifty days completed, and the fiftieth day inclusively was the day of pentecost. Now these Sabbaths, between the passover and pentecost, were called the first, second, &c., Sabbaths after the second day of the feast of unleavened bread. This Sabbath, then, on which the disciples plucked the ears of corn, was the first Sabbath after that second day. Dr. Lightfoot, has demonstrably proved this to be the meaning of this sabbaton deuteroprwton, (Hor. Hebraic. in locum,) and from him F. Lamy and Dr. Whitby have so explained it. This Sabbath could not fall before the passover, because, till the second day of that feast, no Jew might eat either bread or parched corn, or green ears, (Lev. xxiii. 14.) Had the disciples then gathered these ears of corn on any Sabbath before the passover, they would have broken two laws instead of one: and for the breach of these two laws they would infallibly have been accused; whereas now they broke only one, (plucking the ears of standing corn with one's hand, being expressly allowed in the law, Deut. xxiii. 25,) which was that of the Sabbath. They took a liberty which the law gave them upon any other day; and our Lord vindicated them in what they did now, in the manner we see. Nor can this fact be laid after pentecost; because then the harvest was fully in. Within that interval, therefore, this Sabbath happened; and this is a plain determination of the time, according to the Jewish ways of reckoning, founded upon the text of Moses's law itself. Dr. WOTTON'S Miscellaneous Discourses, &c., vol. i. p. 269.
The word deuteroprwtw, the second first, is omitted by BL, four others, Syriac, later Arabic, all the Persic, Coptic, AEthiopic, and three of the Itala. A note in the margin of the later Syriac says, This is not in all copies.
The above MSS. read the verse thus: It came to pass, that he walked through the corn fields on a Sabbath day. I suppose they omitted the above word, because they found it difficult to fix the meaning, which has been too much the case in other instances.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 1. And it came to pass on the second sabbath day after the first , etc.] Or second first sabbath, concerning which interpreters are greatly divided. Some think, that it was either the seventh day of the feast of unleavened bread, or the eighth day of the feast of tabernacles. Others, that it was the sabbath which fell that year on the day of Pentecost; and that as there were three grand festivals among the Jews, the feasts of passover, Pentecost, and tabernacles; so when the sabbath day fell on the feast of the passover, it was called the first prime sabbath, when on the feast of Pentecost, it was called the second prime sabbath, and when on the feast of tabernacles, the third prime sabbath. Others have been of opinion, that as the Jews had two beginnings of their year, the one on civil accounts in Tisri, the other on ecclesiastical accounts in Nisan; so the first sabbath in Tisri was called the first first sabbath, and that in Nisan, which was this, the second first sabbath: but what seems most likely is, that this sabbath was, as it may be rendered, the first sabbath after the second; that is, the first sabbath after the second day of the passover, when the sheaf of the firstfruits was offered, and harvest might be begun; which suits well with ears of corn being ripe at this time, which the disciples rubbed. So the Jews reckoned the seven weeks from thence to Pentecost by sabbaths; the first after the second day they called the second first, or the first after the second day; the second they called the second second; and the third was named the second third; and so on, the second fourth, the second fifth, the second sixth, and second seventh, which brought on Pentecost, when the harvest was ended. So in the Jewish liturgies, there are collects for the first sabbath after the passover, and for the second sabbath after the passover, and so on to the sabbath before Pentecost. The eastern versions, Syriac, Arabic, Persic, and Ethiopic, not knowing what should be meant by it, have only rendered it, on the sabbath day, as in Mt. 12:1. (See Gill on Matthew 12:1). That he went through the corn fields ; that is, Jesus, as the Syriac, Persic, and Ethiopic versions: and his disciples plucked the ears of corn, and did eat, rubbing them in their hands : after they had plucked them they rubbed them in their hands to get clean off the husk or beard, that were on them, and then ate the grains.
And as plucking of the ears of corn was forbidden on a sabbath day, (see Gill on Matthew 12:2), so was rubbing them; though if they were rubbed before, the chaff might be blown off from them in the hand, and eat on the sabbath day: the rule is this f251 ; he that rubs ears of corn on the evening of the sabbath, (i.e. on the sixth day,) may blow them from hand to hand on the morrow, and eat But the disciples both plucked them, and rubbed them, and blew away the chaff from them on the sabbath day, and therefore were complained of by the Pharisees.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-5 - Christ justifies his disciples in a work of necessity for themselves of the sabbath day, and that was plucking the ears of corn when they wer hungry. But we must take heed that we mistake not this liberty for leave to commit sin. Christ will have us to know and remember that it is his day, therefore to be spent in his service, and to his honour.
Greek Textus Receptus
εγενετο 1096 5633 V-2ADI-3S δε 1161 CONJ εν 1722 PREP σαββατω 4521 N-DSN δευτεροπρωτω 1207 A-DSN διαπορευεσθαι 1279 5738 V-PNN αυτον 846 P-ASM δια 1223 PREP των 3588 T-GPM σποριμων 4702 A-GPM και 2532 CONJ ετιλλον 5089 5707 V-IAI-3P οι 3588 T-NPM μαθηται 3101 N-NPM αυτου 846 P-GSM τους 3588 T-APM σταχυας 4719 N-APM και 2532 CONJ ησθιον 2068 5707 V-IAI-3P ψωχοντες 5597 5723 V-PAP-NPM ταις 3588 T-DPF χερσιν 5495 N-DPF
Vincent's NT Word Studies
1. The second after the first (deuteroprwtw). Only here in New Testament. Many high authorities omit it, and its exact meaning cannot be determined. Rev. omits.Went through (diaporeuesqai). Rev., was going. Compare paraporeuesqai, went along beside - Mark ii. 23.
Cornfields. See on Matt. xii. 1.
Plucked (etillon). Imperfect; were plucking, as they walked. In classical Greek the word is used mostly of pulling out hair or feathers. See on Mark ii. 23.
Did eat (hsqion). Imperfect, were eating.
Rubbing (ywcontev). The verb means to rub small.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
6:1 {On a sabbath} (en sabbatwi). this is the second sabbath on which Jesus is noted by Luke. The first was #Lu 4:31-41. There was another in #Joh 5:1-47. There is Western and Syrian (Byzantine) evidence for a very curious reading here which calls this sabbath "secondfirst" (deuteroprwtwi). It is undoubtedly spurious, though Westcott and Hort print it in the margin. A possible explanation is that a scribe wrote "first" (prwtwi) on the margin because of the sabbath miracle in #Lu 6:6-11. qen another scribe recalled #Lu 4:31 where a sabbath is mentioned and wrote "second" (deuterwi) also on the margin. Finally a third scribe combined the two in the word deuteroprwtwi that is not found elsewhere. If it were genuine, we should not know what it means. {Plucked} (etillon). Imperfect active. They were plucking as they went on through (diaporeuesqai). Whether wheat or barley, we do not know, not our "corn" (maize). {Did eat} (esqion). Imperfect again. See on Mt 12:1f.; Mr 2:23f. for the separate acts in supposed violence of the sabbath laws. {Rubbing them in their hands} (ywcontes tais cersin). Only in Luke and only here in the N.T. this was one of the chief offences. "According to Rabbinical notions, it was reaping, threshing, winnowing, and preparing food all at once" (Plummer). These Pharisees were straining out gnats and swallowing camels! this verb ywcw is a late one for yaw, to rub.
