SEV Biblia, Chapter 4:16
Y vino a Nazaret, donde había sido criado; y entr, conforme a su costumbre, el día del sbado en la sinagoga, y se levant a leer.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Luke 4:16
Verse 16. To Nazareth, where he had been brought up] It is likely that our Lord lived principally in this city till the 30th year of his age; but, after he entered on his public ministry, his usual place of residence was at the house of Peter, in Capernaum. As his custom was] Our Lord regularly attended the public worship of God in the synagogues; for there the Scriptures were read: other parts of the worship were very corrupt; but it was the best at that time to be found in the land. To worship God publicly is the duty of every man, and no man can be guiltless who neglects it. If a person cannot get such public worship as he likes, let him frequent such as he can get. Better to attend the most indifferent than to stay at home, especially on the Lord's day.
The place and the time are set apart for the worship of the true God: if others do not conduct themselves well in it, that is not your fault, and need not be any hinderance to you. You come to worship GOD-do not forget your errand-and God will supply the lack in the service by the teachings of his Spirit. Hear the saying of old Mr. Herbert:- "The worst speak something good: should all want sense, God takes the text, and preacheth p-a-t-i-e-n-c-e." A man may always profit where the word of God is read.
Stood up for to read.] The Jews, in general, sat while they taught or commented on the Sacred Writings, or the traditions of the elders; but when they read either the law or the prophets they invariably stood up: it was not lawful for them even to lean against any thing while employed in reading.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 16. And he came to Nazareth , etc.] After some length of time, when he had gone through all Galilee, and had acquired great credit and reputation by his ministry and miracles; he came to the place, where he had been brought up : where he was conceived, though not born; and where he had his education, and wrought at a trade, and was well known to the inhabitants; and therefore it was proper that he should first exercise his ministry, and obtain a character in other places, which would prepare him a reception among his townsmen, who otherwise, in all likelihood, would have treated him at once with neglect and contempt: and as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day .
This was either his custom from his youth, when he dwelt at Nazareth, while a private person, and before he was engaged in public service, whither he had used to repair as an inhabitant of the city, and a member of the congregation, to attend synagogue worship, as he now did; or it refers to his custom, since he became a public preacher, who at Capernaum, or any other city of Galilee, where there was a synagogue, used to frequent it, whether on sabbath days, or any other, and so he did here: and stood up for to read : by rising and standing up, and perhaps by some other gesture he signified his inclination to read a portion of Scripture, if liberty was given, and a book delivered him, for, as yet, he had no book to read in; nor might any read in public, unless he had an order from the congregation, or the chief of it; for so runs the Jewish canon f202 : a reader may not read until the chief of the congregation bids him read; yea, even a minister of the congregation, or a ruler of the synagogue, may not read of himself, until the congregation, or the chief among them, bids him read.
This custom of reading the Scriptures publicly, was an appointment of Moses, according to the account of the Jews; who say f203 Moses our master, ordered the Israelites to read in the law publicly, on the sabbath, and on the second and fifth days of the week, in the morning; so that they might not be three days without hearing the law and Ezra ordered, that they should read so at the evening sacrifice, every sabbath, on account of those that sit in the corners of streets; and also he ordered, that three men should read on the second and fifth days of the week, and that they should not read less than twenty verses.
It was also the custom to stand at reading the law and the prophets: with regard to the book of Esther, the rule is this; he that reads the Megilia, or book of Esther, stands or sits.
That is, as their commentators explain it, if he will he may stand, and if he will he may sit, he may do as he pleases; but so he might not in reading the law: hence it is asked f206 , why is it not so in the law? R. Abhu replies, because the Scripture says, ( Deuteronomy 5:3) Stand thou here by me. Wherefore they say f207 , the law must be read standing, and it is even forbidden to lean on any thing. Christ conformed to these rules; he went into the synagogue to read on the sabbath day, and stood up when he read, and waited for order, and a book to be given him to read: it may be asked, how he came to be admitted to read publicly in the synagogue, when he was not of the tribe of Levi, nor was he brought up in the schools and academies of the Jews, and was known to be a mechanic? It may be observed, that common Israelites, as well as priests and Levites, were allowed to read the Scriptures publicly; every sabbath day, seven persons read, a priest, a Levite, and five Israelites: the order was this; the priest read first, and after him the Levite, and after him an Israelite: and it is said to be a known custom to this day, that even an unlearned priest read before the greatest wise man in Israel; and he that was greater than his companion in wisdom, read first f208 . Now Christ, on account of the great fame he was in for his wisdom and mighty works, was admitted to this public service, though he was no Levite, and known by the inhabitants of this place, to have been brought up to a trade.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 14-30 - Christ taught in their synagogues, their places of public worship where they met to read, expound, and apply the word, to pray an praise. All the gifts and graces of the Spirit were upon him and of him, without measure. By Christ, sinners may be loosed from the bond of guilt, and by his Spirit and grace from the bondage of corruption He came by the word of his gospel, to bring light to those that sat in the dark, and by the power of his grace, to give sight to those tha were blind. And he preached the acceptable year of the Lord. Le sinners attend to the Saviour's invitation when liberty is thu proclaimed. Christ's name was Wonderful; in nothing was he more so tha in the word of his grace, and the power that went along with it. We ma well wonder that he should speak such words of grace to such graceles wretches as mankind. Some prejudice often furnishes an objectio against the humbling doctrine of the cross; and while it is the word of God that stirs up men's enmity, they will blame the conduct or manne of the speaker. The doctrine of God's sovereignty, his right to do his will, provokes proud men. They will not seek his favour in his own way and are angry when others have the favours they neglect. Still is Jesu rejected by multitudes who hear the same message from his words. Whil they crucify him afresh by their sins, may we honour him as the Son of God, the Saviour of men, and seek to show we do so by our obedience.
Greek Textus Receptus
και 2532 CONJ ηλθεν 2064 5627 V-2AAI-3S εις 1519 PREP την 3588 T-ASF {VAR1: ναζαρετ 3478 N-PRI } {VAR2: ναζαρεθ 3478 N-PRI } ου 3757 ADV ην 2258 5713 V-IXI-3S τεθραμμενος 5142 5772 V-RPP-NSM και 2532 CONJ εισηλθεν 1525 5627 V-2AAI-3S κατα 2596 PREP το 3588 T-ASN ειωθος 1486 5756 V-2RAP-ASN αυτω 846 P-DSM εν 1722 PREP τη 3588 T-DSF ημερα 2250 N-DSF των 3588 T-GPN σαββατων 4521 N-GPN εις 1519 PREP την 3588 T-ASF συναγωγην 4864 N-ASF και 2532 CONJ ανεστη 450 5627 V-2AAI-3S αναγνωναι 314 5629 V-2AAN
Vincent's NT Word Studies
16. Nazareth. With the article; that Nazareth where he had been brought up.Stood up. Not as a sign that he wished to expound, but being summoned by the superintendent of the synagogue.
To read (anagnwnai). Usually in New Testament of public reading. 7 After the liturgical services which introduced the worship of the synagogue, the "minister" took a roll of the law from the ark, removed its case and wrappings, and then called upon some one to read. On the Sabbaths, at least seven persons were called on successively to read portions of the law, none of them consisting of less than three verses. After the law followed a section from the prophets, which was succeeded immediately by a discourse. It was this section which Jesus read and expounded. See Acts xiii. 15; Nehamiah viii. 5, 8. For a detailed account of the synagogue-worship, see Edersheim, "Life and Times of Jesus," i., 430 sq.
Robertson's NT Word Studies
4:16 {Where he had been brought up} (hou en teqrammenos). Past perfect passive periphrastic indicative, a state of completion in past time, from trefw, a common Greek verb. this visit is before that recorded in #Mr 6:1-6; Mt 13:54-58 which was just before the third tour of Galilee. Here Jesus comes back after a year of public ministry elsewhere and with a wide reputation (#Lu 4:15). Luke may have in mind #2:51, but for some time now Nazareth had not been his home and that fact may be implied by the past perfect tense. {As his custom was} (kata to eiwqos autwi). Second perfect active neuter singular participle of an old eqw (Homer), to be accustomed. Literally according to what was customary to him (autwi, dative case). this is one of the flashlights on the early life of Jesus. He had the habit of going to public worship in the synagogue as a boy, a habit that he kept up when a grown man. If the child does not form the habit of going to church, the man is almost certain not to have it. We have already had in Matthew and Mark frequent instances of the word synagogue which played such a large part in Jewish life after the restoration from Babylon. {Stood up} (aneste). Second aorist active indicative and intransitive. Very common verb. It was the custom for the reader to stand except when the Book of Esther was read at the feast of Purim when he might sit. It is not here stated that Jesus had been in the habit of standing up to read here or elsewhere. It was his habit to go to the synagogue for worship. Since he entered upon his Messianic work his habit was to teach in the synagogues (#Lu 4:15). this was apparently the first time that he had done so in Nazareth. He may have been asked to read as Paul was in Antioch in Pisidia (#Ac 13:15). The ruler of the synagogue for that day may have invited Jesus to read and speak because of his now great reputation as a teacher. Jesus could have stood up voluntarily and appropriately because of his interest in his home town. {To read} (anagnwnai). Second aorist active infinitive of anaginwskw, to recognize again the written characters and so to read and qen to read aloud. It appears first in Pindar in the sense of read and always so in the N.T. this public reading aloud with occasional comments may explain the parenthesis in #Mt 24:15 (Let him that readeth understand).
