SEV Biblia, Chapter 10:12
y si la mujer repudiare a su marido y se casare con otro, comete adulterio.
Clarke's Bible Commentary - Mark 10:12
Verse 12. And if a woman shall put away her husband] From this it appears that in some cases, the wife assumed the very same right of divorcing her husband that the husband had of divorcing his wife; and yet this is not recorded any where in the Jewish laws, as far as I can find, that the women had such a right. Indeed, were the law which gives the permission all on one side, it would be unjust and oppressive; but where it is equally balanced, the right being the same on each side, it must serve as a mutual check, and prevent those evils it is intended to cure. Among the Jews there are several instances of the women having taken other men, even during the life of their own husbands. Nor do we find any law by which they were punished. Divorce never should be permitted but on this ground-"The parties are miserable together, and they are both perfectly willing to be separated." Then, if every thing else be proper, let them go different ways, that they may not ruin both themselves and their hapless offspring.
John Gill's Bible Commentary
Ver. 12. And if a woman shall put away her husband , etc..] Not that there was the same law, or the same sufferance by the law of Moses, for a woman to put away her husband, as for the husband to put away the wife; nor was it practised among the Jews, unless it came to be in use about this time, in their declining state, having taken it from the Gentiles; of whom they say f188 , that they divorce one another: says R. Jochanan, wt rgm wt a , his wife divorces him, and gives him the dowry. So Salome, the sister of Herod the Great, sent a bill of divorce to her husband Costobarus; and in this she was followed by Herodias, the daughter of Aristobulus, as Josephus relates; and which his own wife also did. And by such examples the practice might prevail among the Jews: and we have a story told us of a holy man, and a holy yeoman, who were married, and had no children, hz ta hz w rgw , and they divorced one another; and the one went and married a wicked woman, and she made him wicked; and the other went and married a wicked man, and she made him righteous but I do not find that this practice was approved, or established by any rule, or canon. They allow indeed a woman to write her husband's divorce of her, with proper witnesses; and they also oblige one, that was espoused in her minority, and refuses her husband, when adult, to write a bill of refusal; the form of that, and the rules about it, take as follow f192 : they do not allow one to marry a minor; he that marries a minor that is fatherless, and she is not pleased with her husband, lo! she may refuse, and go away, and she has no need of a divorce from him, because the espousals of a minor are not perfect espousals, as we have explained: and so a minor, whom her father marries, and she becomes a widow, or is divorced whilst she is a minor, lo! she is as one fatherless, in, her father's life time; and if she marries whilst she is a minor, she may refuse how does she refuse? she says before two witnesses, I do not like such an one my husband; or I do not like the espousals with which my father, or my brother, espoused me; and such like words. The two, before whom the minor refuses, write for her; on such a day, such an one, the daughter of such an one, refused, before us, such an one her husband; and they seal, and give it to her: and this is the body, or substance of a bill of refusal in such a week, on such a day of the month, in such a year, such an one, the daughter of such an one, refused before us, and said, that my mother, or my brother, forced me, and married me, or espoused me, and I, a minor, to such an one, the son of such an one; and now I reveal my mind before you, that I do not like him, and I will not abide with him: and we have searched such an one; and this is manifest to us, that she is yet a minor, and we have written, and sealed, and have given this to her, for her justification, and a clear proof; Such an one, the son of such an one, witness. Such an one, the son of such an one, witness.
And such a writing was called, waym jg , a bill of refusal, and sometimes ynwaym yrj , letters of refusal f193 , but a bill of divorcement given by a married woman to her husband, I have not met with. Justin Martyr speaks of a Christian woman that, repoudion dousa , gave a bill of divorce to her husband: such things, therefore, have been done, and might be done in Christ's time, to which he refers; and concerning which he says, that if a woman do so, and be married to another, she committeth adultery ; with the man she marries, and against, and to the injury of her former husband, unjustly left by her.
Matthew Henry Commentary
Verses 1-12 - Wherever Jesus was, the people flocked after him in crowds, and he taught them. Preaching was Christ's constant practice. He here show that the reason why Moses' law allowed divorce, was such that the ought not to use the permission; it was only for the hardness of their hearts. God himself joined man and wife together; he has fitted them to be comforts and helps for each other. The bond which God has tied, is not to be lightly untied. Let those who are for putting away their wives consider what would become of themselves, if God should deal with them in like manner.
Greek Textus Receptus
και 2532 CONJ εαν 1437 COND γυνη 1135 N-NSF απολυση 630 5661 V-AAS-3S τον 3588 T-ASM ανδρα 435 N-ASM αυτης 846 P-GSF και 2532 CONJ γαμηθη 1060 5686 V-APS-3S αλλω 243 A-DSM μοιχαται 3429 5736 V-PNI-3S
Robertson's NT Word Studies
10:12 {If she herself shall put away her husband and marry another} (ean aute apolusasa ton andra autes gamesei). Condition of the third class (undetermined, but with prospect of determination). Greek and Roman law allowed the divorce of the husband by the wife though not provided for in Jewish law. But the thing was sometimes done as in the case of Herodias and her husband before she married Herod Antipas. So also Salome, Herod's sister, divorced her husband. Both Bruce and Gould think that Mark added this item to the words of Jesus for the benefit of the Gentile environment of this Roman Gospel. But surely Jesus knew that the thing was done in the Roman world and hence prohibited marrying such a "grass widow."
